初一至初三英语语法

问题描述:初一学到初三的英语语法有哪些 这篇文章主要介绍了初一至初三英语语法,句型等知识点大全,具有一定借鉴价值,需要的朋友可以参考下。希望大家阅读完这篇文章后大有收获,下面让小编带着大家一起了解一下。

从初一上册开始到初三下册,英语语法有哪些请按照顺序帮我写下来。

初一至初三英语语法的相关图片

语法知识是在掌握一定量的单词和短语的基础上才能获得的。因此,单词的形态变化是语法学习的基础之基础。而九种基本时态和含有不复杂的状语从句及宾语从句的复合句是初中毕业班学生学习的重点也是语法学习的难点。总之,语法部分是英语学习的重点和难点。语法知识掌握得好,将大大加快英语学习的进程。本文归纳了词法、九种基本时态以及初中生需要掌握五种基本从句。希望对广大初三生们有所帮助。

一. 词法

1.名词

1.1 名词的可数与不可数

可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量,它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目,来统计,都成为不可数名词。

不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量,没有复数形式。要表示“一个……”这一概念,就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词,在英语里却不可数。如:chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news等。

1.2 名词复数的规则变化

A.一般情况下加-s。

B.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es。

C.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es。

D.以f,fe结尾的,去掉f或fe,变成v再加-es。

1.3 名词的所有格

A.单数名词词尾加’s,复数名词词尾若没有s,也要加’s。

如:the worker's bike,the Children’ s ball。

B.表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后’ s。

如: This is Lucy and Licy’ s room.。

These are Kate's and jack’ s rooms.。

C. 如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词,只加’。

如:the students’ books,the girls’ blouses。

(另外:名词+of+名词名词是有生命的,我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的,我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。)。

2.代词:

人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,不定代词。

2.1 人称代词

第一人称单数

I me my mine myself。

复数 we us our ours ourselves。

第二人称

单数 you you your yours yourself。

复数 you you your yours yourselves。

第三人称

单数 he him his his himself。

she her her hers herself。

it it its its itself。

复数 they them their theirs themselves。

2.2 物主代词

物主代词的用法:

形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词。

名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语。

2.3 反身代词

反身代词的构成分两种:第一、二人称反身代词在形容词:性物主代词后加上self或selves,第三人称的反身代词在宾格代词后加上self或selves.。

反身代词的用法:一种是作宾语,由主语发出的动作又回到动作者本身。

如:I enjoyed myself at the party.另一种是作名词或代词的同位语;用来加强语气。如:I。

can do it myself.。

2.4 指示代词

指示代词的特殊用法:

(1)为了避免重复,可用that,those代替前面提到过的名词,但是this,these不可以。

(2)this,that有时可代替句子或句子中的一部分。

2.5 不定代词

one,some,any,other,another,all,both,each,neither,many,much等。

3.冠词

3.1不定冠词an用在元音读音开头(不是指元音字母)的词前,其余用不定冠词a.。

3.2 定冠词的基本用法

A.用在重新提到的人或事物前面。

B. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物前面。

C用在单数可数名词前面,表示某一类人或事物。

3.3 定冠词的特殊用法

A.用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前。

B. 用在序数词、形容词的最高级及only所修饰的名词前。

C用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称前面。

D.用在由普通名词和另外一些词所构成的专有名词前面。

E.用在姓氏的复数形式前面,表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。

F.用在乐器名称前。

G. 和某些形容词连用,表示某一类人或事物。

3.4 名词前不用冠词的情况

A. 在专有名词 (包括人名、地名、节日、月份、季节) 、物质名词和抽象名词前—般不用冠词。但在以Festival组成的民间节日前要加the。

B. 表示一类人或事物的复数名词前。

C. 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时,不用冠词。

D. 三餐饭、球类、棋类、游戏名称前一般不用冠词。正在有些词组中,有无冠词含义不同。

(sit) at table就餐; sit at the table坐在桌边。

go to school去上学;go to the school去那所学校;in hospital住院;in the hospital在那个医院里。

4.数词

4.1 数字的表示

三位数数词要在百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and。

1,000以上的数字,从后向前第三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand,第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion。

4.2 序数词除了first,second,third外,其余都在基数词尾加-th构成。

4.3分数分子在前,分母在后,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1小时,分母序数词要变成复数。

4.4 Hundreds(thousands,millions)of……

5.形容词、副词

5.1 形容词的位置

(1)形容词作定语一般要放在名词前面,但当形容词修饰不定代词something,nothing,anything时要放在所修饰的不定代词之后。如:something important,nothing serious。

(2)当形容词带有表示度量的词或词组作定语或表语时,定语或表语要后置。如:

We have dug a hole two meters deep.。

The hole is about two metres deep.。

5.2 形容词的比较等级

(1) 单音节词和少数双音节词,在词尾加—(e)r,—(e)st来构成比较级和最高级。其他双音节。

词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级。如:

popular———more popular———most popular。

important—more important—most important。

5.3 副词比较级的构成

(1) 单音节副词和个别双音节副词通过加-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。

(2) 绝大多数副词借助more,most来构成比较级和最高级。

(3) 少数副词的不规则变化:

原级 比较级 最高级

well —— better —— best。

badly —— worse —— worst。

much —— more —— most。

little —— less —— least。

far —— farther —— farthest。

farthest furthest。

late —— later —— latest。

(4) 副词的最高级前面可以不加定冠词the。

(5) 常用句型有like A better than B和like A(the)best of(in)…

其余变化和形容词类似。

6.介词

6.1 表示时间的介词及介词短语?。

in, at, on, before,after,till,since,for, fromto, until, by,in the middle of,at the beginning of, at the end of,at half past five,at night,in a week,in the morning,in class,at sunrise, in spring/summer/autumn/winter,on Sunday,on Saturday afternoon,on a winter evening,for a long time,for two months,after school,since liberation,before lunch,at the time of,at the age of。

6.2 表示地点的介词及介词短语?。

in,at,into,to,on,beside,before,behind,above,under,outside,inside,up,from,far,from,near,across, off, down, among, past,between,out of,around,in the front of, in the middle of, at the back of,at the foot of,at home,at the gate,at the table,in the sky, on the ground,in a tree, in the south,in the sun,in the bed,on one’s way home,by the side of。

二.九种基本时态

1.一般现在时

概念: 表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态。

常和 always , often , usually , sometimes , every day 等表时间的状语连用。

如:1) I go to school every day . 我每天都去学校。(表经常)。

2) He is always like that . 他总是那样。 (表状态)。

构成: 1) 主语 + be (am / are / is ) +……

2) 主语 + 实义动词 + …

2.一般过去时

概念: 1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.。

常和表示过去的时间状语连用. 如: yesterday , last week , in 1998 , two days ago等.。

如: I went to a movie yesterday. 我昨天去看了一场电影.。

2) 也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作.。

如: He always went to work by bike last week.。

构成: 1) 主语 + be (was / were ) +……

2) 主语 + 实义动词过去式 +。

3.现在进行时

概念: 表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作.。

如: He is singing.。

They are watching TV now.。

构成: 主语 + 助动词be(am/are/is) + 动词-ing形式构成.。

4.过去进行时

概念: 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作. 这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文暗示外,一般用时间状语来表示.。

如: 1) ---What were you doing?。

---I was jumping.。

2) ---What was the boy doing when the UFO arrived?。

---He was sleeping.。

构成: 主语 + 助动词be(was/were) + 动词-ing形式构成.。

5.一般将来时

概念: 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如: tomorrow, next week, next year, in the future等.。

如: He will go shopping tomorrow.。

They are going to play basketball next week.。

构成: 1) 主语 + 助动词will + 动原 +…

2) 主语 + be going to + 动原 + ….。

6.过去将来时

概念: 表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态.。

构成: 1) 主语(第一人称) + 助动词should + 动原 +…

2) 主语 + would + 动原 + ….。

3) 主语 + was/ were going to +动原…

用法: 过去将来时除了上下文暗示外,一般常用在间接引语中,主句谓语动词为过去时态.。

如: 1) I should go.。

2) You knew I would come.。

3) They were going to Naning.。

7.现在完成时

构成: 主语 + 助动词 ( have / has ) + 动词过去分词 +…

用法 例句

表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果. ---Have you had your lunch yet?。

---Yes, I have. (现在我不饿了)。

8.现在完成进行时

概念: 表示从过去某一时间开始持续到现在的动作.这一动作可能是刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来.。

构成: 主语 + 助动词 (have / has ) + been + 动词-ing +…

如: 1. I have been sitting here for an hour.。

2. She has been collecting stamps for about 6 years.。

9.过去完成时

构成: 主语 + 助动词 had + 动词过去分词 +…

用法 例句

表示过去在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作.它表示的动作发生的时间是”过去的过去”.表示过去某一时间可用by, before 等构成的短语,也可用when, before, 等引导的从句或者通过上下文表示.。

I had finished my homework when my mom came back home.。

三.基本从句

从句的共同特点

从句是指在一个句子中充当一个成分的句子,充当什么成分就叫什么从句,如:充当宾语就叫宾语从句,充当定语成分就叫定语从句。

从以上定义中我们可以得出关于从句的一个最大特点:从句是句子。

从句的共同特点:1.从句都有自己的连接词 2.从句都是陈述语序(陈述语序就是主语在前,谓语在后,如:He is a teacher主语 He 在谓语is之前,因此是陈述语序,而Is he a teacher? 主语 He 在谓语is之后,因此不是陈述语序。)。

1.宾语从句

宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子,如:He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.。

宾语从句的特点:

①宾语从句有自己的连接词

②宾语从句用陈述语序

③宾语从句的时态

①宾语从句的连接词:宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。

②宾语从句的语序;

A.宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前,谓语在后),如:I want to know if he can come tomorrow。

B.当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时,后面直接加谓语动词,如:She asked me who had helped him.。

③宾语从句的时态,只要记住以下口诀就可以了“主现则从任,主过则从过,客观真理一般现”

A.主现则从任:主句如果是一般现在时,则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种,如:1.He tells me he likes English very much(一般现在时)。

B.主过则从过:主句如果是一般过去时,则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种,带“过”字的时态分别是如:一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时。

如:He told me that he liked playing football(一般过去时)。

C.客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时。

如:1.He says the moon goes around the earth.。

2.状语从句

2.1 时间状语从句:在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。

时间状语的连接词:when(当…时候) while(当…时候) as(当…时候) after(在…以后) before(在…以前) as soon as(一…就) since(自从…到现在) till /until(直到…

才) by the time(到…为止)依旧是连接词后加陈述语序。

举例:when当…的时候(一般情况下主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时。)。

Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.。

2.2 原因状语从句:在一个句子中作原因语的句子。

连接词:由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导。

举例:I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.。

2.3 条件状语从句

连接词:if如果, unless (=if not) 除非。(让步)。

举例:If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.。

2.4 目的、结果状语从句

目的状语从句是指在一个句子中充当目的状语的句子。

结果状语从句是指在一个句子中充当结果状语的句子。

目的状语从句连接词so that, so…that , in order that 引导。

结果状语从句连接词 so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引导。

举例:so…that 如此…以至于。

The scientist’s report was so instructive that we were all very excited.。

2.5 让步状语从句

让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子。

连接词: though, although.,whether…or not。

举例:Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.。

3.no matter从句

结构:"no matter +特殊疑问词疑问词+陈述语序" 或"特殊疑问词+后缀ever+陈述语序"。

如:No matter what happened, he would not mind.。

注意:no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。

4.定语从句

定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分。

如:I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower.(中beautiful就是定语)。

定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。

如:I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.。

定语从句的连接词:

连接代词:who、which、whom、whose、that。

连接副词:when、where、why。

5.名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:

连接词: that, whether ,if (不充当从句的任何成分)。

连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which。

连接副词:when, where, how, why。

如:That she was chosen made us very happy.。

初一到初三的英语语法知识点有哪些?的相关图片

初一到初三的英语语法知识点有哪些?

We each have a new book. 。

我们每人各有一本新书。

There are trees on each side of the street. 。

街的两旁有树。

He gets up early every morning. 。

每天早晨他都起得早。

each

可以用作形容词、副词和代词;

every

只能用作形容词。

Each of them has his own duty. 。

他们各人有各人的义务。

They each want to do something different. 。

他们每个人都想做不同的事情。

17.

一般现在时

现在进行时

一般现在时表示经常性的或习惯性的动作或存在的状态,也表示说话者的能力,

还有自然现象;而现在进行时表示正在进行或发生的动作(构成方式为。

am/is

/are/+doing

)。

I do my homework in the evening. 。

我在晚上做作业。

I'm doing my homework now. 。

我现在正在做作业。

现在进行时常与

now, these days, at the moment 。

Look, listen

等词连用;

而一般现在时常与

often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the 。

morning, on Mondays。

等连用。

We often clean the classroom after school. 。

我们经常放学后打扫教室。

Look! They are cleaning the classroom . 。

看!他们正在打扫教室呢。

【考点扫描】

中考考点在本单元主要集中在:

.动词一般现在时和现在进行时的用法,人称代词的用法,可数名词和不可数。

名词的构成和用法。

.本册书中常见的交际用语

.本册书中一些重点的词组和短语。

考试形式往往是单项填空、完形填空、短文改错和短文填空。

【中考范例】

1.

2004

年安徽省中考试题)

---

Hurry up! We’re all waiting for you.。

---I ________ for an important phone call. Go without me. 。

A. wait B. was waiting C. am waiting D. waited 。

【解析】答案:

。表示现在正在进行的动作,用现在进行时。

2. (2004

年长春市中考试题

)

Could you help ____ with _______ English, please? 。

A. I, my B. me, me C. me, my D. my, I 。

【解析】答案:

。第一个空作宾语,应用人称代词的宾格。

me,

第二个空作定

语,应用形容词性物主代词

my

3.(2004

年长春市中考试题

)

Dr. White can _______ French very well. 。

A. speak B. talk C. say D. tell 。

【解析】答案:

。说什麽语言常用动词

speak

4.

2004

年黄冈中考试题)

English is spoken by ______ people. 。

A. a lot B. much many C. a large number of D. a great deal of 。

【解析】答案:

。只有

a large number of 。

能用来修饰复数可数名词

people

【满分演练】

.

单项选择

1. There is some ______ on the plate. 。

A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears 。

2. Uncle Wang wants ______ the machine like a bike. 。

A. ride B. riding C. rides D. to ride 。

3. Tom usually goes to bed ________ ten o'clock in the evening. 。

A. at B. in C. on D. of 。

4. ______ picture books in class, please. 。

A. Not read B. No read C. Not reading D. Don't read 。

5. The box is too heavy. Let ________ help you to carry it. 。

A. we B. us C. ours D. our 。

6. Hurry up, ______ we'll be late for the meeting. 。

A. and B. but C. then D. or 。

7.

People

usually

______

"hello"

to

each

other

when

they

make

a

phone

call.

A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk 。

8. Look! She ________ a kite for her son. 。

A. makes B. is making C. make D. making 。

9. These shoes are yours. Please ________. 。

A. put on them B. put on it C. put them on D. put it on 。

10. She often gets ______ very late. 。

A. home B. at home C. to home D. in home 。

11. I think the shop is closed ________ this time of day. 。

A. in B. on C. at D. for 。

12. I want ______ of meat, please. 。

A. half kilo B. a half kilo C. half a kilo D. a kilo half 。

13. --- Is this black ruler ________? 。

--- No. It's ________. 。

A. yours, his B. your, his C. yours, him D. you, he 。

14. ________ book on the desk is a useful。

(重要的)

one.

A. A B. An C. The D. / 。

15. Grandma is ill. We have to take her to the ________. 。

A. farm B. post office C. hotel D. hospital 。

16. Liu Mei often helps her mother ________ housework. 。

A. does B. do C.doing D. to doing 。

17. We watch evening news on ________ at 7:00 in the evening. 。

A. CCTV B. CAAC C. WTO D. MTV 。

18. There ________ a box of apples on the desk. 。

A. are B. is C. has D. have 。

19. Would you like ________ with me? 。

A. go B. to go C. going D. goes 。

20. Sometimes his brother ________ TV after supper. 。

A. watch B. sees C. watches D. is watching 。

.

填空

A.

根据句义和首字母写出所缺的单词。

1. Kate's glass is empty. She wants a f______ one. 。

2. I think my father can help you m______ your broken bike. 。

3. I have two pencils. One is short, the other is l______. 。

4. Please open the w______. It's getting hot here. 。

5. Something is w______ with my bike. May I borrow yours? 。

B.

根据句意,用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。

1. There are some ________ there, talking loudly. (woman) 。

2. This blouse isn't hers. It's ________. (my) 。

3. The people on the farm are very ________. (friend) 。

4. Do you know ________? (he) 。

5. Tom's uncle can drive cars. He is a good ________. (drive) 。

C.

选词并用其适当形式填空

work, close, look, have, teacher, pen, eat, China, play, climb 。

1. This is our ________ desk. Ours are over there. 。

2. Bill has three ________. One is new and the other two are old. 。

3. His uncle ________ very young but he is over forty. 。

4. Let's ________ basketball after class. 。

5. Look! The cats are ________ up the trees. 。

6. The shop isn't open. It's ________. 。

7. My brother ________ some new picture books. 。

8. In our classroom there is a large map of ________. 。

9. Mum, please give me something to ________. I'm very hungry. 。

10. Does Mr Green like ________ in this Chinese school? 。

.

根据对话内容,从方框中选择恰当的句子完成对话。

A. Please give it back soon. 。

B. It's over there 。

C. Certainly. When do you want it? 。

D. Thank you very much. 。

E. Black and red, and it's not very new. 。

A: Excuse me, Lin Tao! 。

B: Yes?

A: My bike is broken. Can I borrow yours? 。

B: __1____.

A: This afternoon. 。

B: OK. Here's the key. 。

A: ____2__. But where is it? 。

B: __3____.

A: What colour is it? 。

B: __4____.

A: I see. I think I can find it. 。

B: ___5___.

A: All right. See you! 。

.

完型填空

These days men and women , young and old are ___1_____ the same kind 。

of

___2____,

and

a

lot

of

___3_____

have

long

hair

(头发)

.

We

often

can't

___4_____whether they are boys or girls, men or women. 。

___5_____ old man often goes to walk in the park. He is sitting on 。

a chair now. A young person is ___6_____ ___7_____ him. 。

"Oh, goodness!" the old 。

man

says to

the other one. 。

"Do you ___8_____ 。

that person with long hair? Is it a boy or a girl?" 。

"A boy," says the other one. "He is my son." "Oh," says the old man, 。

"Please ____9____ me. 。

I

don't know

you

are his ____10____." 。

"I'm not his

mother, I'm his father," says the other one. 。

1. A. having B. wearing C. putting D. buying 。

2. A. clothes B. trees C. pictures D. Bags 。

3. A. we B. your C. them D. Theirs 。

4. A. talk B. teach C. say D tell 。

5. A. An B. A C. The D. / 。

6. A. running B. flying C. standing D. driving 。

7. A. on B. beside C. in D. At 。

8. A. see B. watch C. look D. Read 。

9. A. help B. excuse C. teach D. Ask 。

10. A. baby B. sister C. father D. Mother 。

.

阅读理解

( A )

Mr Li teaches Chinese in the USA. He comes back to China every year. He 。

gives us a talk. He says," K Day in the USA is very interesting. All 。

children like it very much. It is on March 7th. When you go out on that 。

day, you can see 。

children running 。

with

kites in the

open air(

露天

). When

you

look

up,

you

can

see

different

kites

in

the

sky

(天空)

.

Some

are

big,

and some are small. They are in different colours. Every kite has a long 。

string(

长线

).

The

children

begin

to

run

when

they

get

the

kites

up.

Every

child has a good time that day. 。

1. Mr Li is _______________. He works in the USA. 。

A. a worker B. an English teacher C. a doctor D. a Chinese teacher 。

2. Mr Li says something about _______________. 。

A. how to study English B. K Day in the USA 。

C. his work in the USA D. playing in the open air 。

3. March 7th is _________________. 。

A.

Children's

Day B.

Teachers'

Day C.

K

Day D.

Tree

planting

Day(

树节

)

4. Every kite has _____________________. 。

A. a short string B. a long string C. the same colour D. the same 。

size(

大小

)

5. There are _______________ kites in the sky on that day. 。

A. all kinds of B. one kind of C. three kinds of D. three 。

( B )

Paula Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday 小狗 。

Get up 7:10 a.m. 7:10 a.m. 7:10 a.m. 7:10 a.m. 7:10 a.m. 。

morning school school school school school 。

lunch pizza rice rice rice rice 。

afternoon Yo-yo Table-tennis Table-tennis Table-tennis football 。

evening homework homework television homework clothes 。

Go

to

sleep 10:15

p.m. 10:15

p.m. 10:15

p.m. 10:15

p.m. 10:15

p.m.

根据表格内容选择最佳答案。

6. On _______________, Paula usually gets up at 7:10 am. 。

A. Thursdays B. Wednesdays C. weekdays D. weekends 。

7. Pizza is a kind of _________________. 。

A. drink B. fruit C. toy D. food 。

8. Paula's favourite sport is _________________. 。

A. volleyball B. table-tennis C. yo-yo D. football 。

9. On Wednesday evenings Paula usually ___________________. 。

A. watches TV B. does her homework 。

C. washes her clothes D. goes to see her friends 。

10. Which is wrong? 。

A. Paula goes to school from Monday to 小狗. 。

B. Paula goes to bed after ten o'clock. 。

C. Paula has sports in the afternoon. 。

D. Paula usually has Pizza for lunch. 。

.

根据中文提示和英文词语提示,写出意思连贯、符合逻辑的英文文段:

(所

有英文提示语必须用上。

这位老人来自悉尼。他很热爱中国。他现在在北京教英语。他喜欢在北京工作。

1. this, man, come, Sydney 。

2. he, China, very much 。

3. now, teach, in Beijing 。

4. he, say, Beijing, big, beautiful, like, work, here 。

请采纳

初一至初三英语的全部语法的相关图片

初一至初三英语的全部语法

内容如下:

1. 一般现在时

概念: 表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态。

常和always , often , usually , sometimes , every day 等表时间的状语连用。

如:1) I go to school every day . 我每天都去学校。(表经常)。

2) He is always like that . 他总是那样。 (表状态)。

构成:1) 主语 + be (am / are / is ) +……

2) 主语 + 实义动词/三单动词 + …

2.一般过去时

概念: 1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

常和表示过去的时间状语连用. 如: yesterday , last week , in 1998 , two days ago等.。

如: I went to a movie yesterday. 我昨天去看了一场电影。

2) 也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

如: He always went to work by bike last week.。

构成: 1) 主语 + be (was / were ) +……

2) 主语 + 实义动词过去式 +。

3. 现在进行时

概念: 表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。

如: He is singing.。

They are watching TV now.。

构成: 主语 + 助动词be(am/are/is) + 动词-ing形式构成。

4. 过去进行时

概念: 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作. 这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文暗示外,一般用时间状语来表示。

如: 1) ---What were you doing?。

---I was jumping.。

2) ---What was the boy doing when the UFO arrived?。

---He was sleeping.。

构成: 主语 + 助动词be(was/were) + 动词-ing形式构成。

5. 一般将来时

概念: 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如: tomorrow, next week, next year, in the future等。

如: He will go shopping tomorrow.。

They are going to play basketball next week.。

构成: 1) 主语 + 助动词will + 动原 +…

2) 主语 + be going to + 动原 + ….。

跪求新目标英语初一到初三的语法大全的相关图片

跪求新目标英语初一到初三的语法大全

主语

1.名词 Nick pen book 如: Nick is a teacher. The book is expensive.。

2.人称代词/指示代词 I we you she he it they this that 。

如:I am a teacher. This is my pen.。

3.数词 one two three four five first second third fourth。

如:The first is important. Eight is a lucky number。

4.动词不定式 短语 to eat to be a teacher to be rich 。

如: To learn english is easy(it is easy to learn English。)

5.动名词 eating an apple being a teacher being rich。

如:Learning English is funny.。

6.句子 (主语从句)略。

7.其他 the old the poor the rich 。

如:The rich should help the poor.。

二、谓语

1.简单谓语 (由 实义动词/动词短语 构成)

say talk speak type eat drink play buy 。

look at look after get up 。

如:I love you. I speak chinese. I get up at six.。

2.复合谓语

(1)情态动词+动词原形 can speak 如:I can speak Cantonese/Mandarin.。

(2)助动词+动词原形 will buy 如:I will buy a new book tomorrow.。

(3)助动词+其他的动词形式 am doing 如: I am working now。

have done 如: I have learned English for 10 years.。

3.系动词 +表语 = 一种复合谓语。

be seem 如: I am short. I am happy.。

be= be am is are was were being been。

she/he+ is

I+ am

You+ are

was /were 用在过去时态。

been 用在完成时态或者被动语态。

being 用在被动语态或者介词后面做介词的宾语或者做动名词。

be 用在动词不定式

I am proud of being Chinese.。

Being a teacher is pleasure.。

be in love with 。

He is being in love with her.。

I was a student. 。

They were students.。

三、表语

名词 如:She is a teacher. She has been a teacher for a year.。

形容词 如: She is beautiful。

介词短语 如:She is in the classroom..。

He is at school. She is at table . they are at work. Time is up。

(动词不定式、动名词、代词、数词,分词、副词、句子)

四、宾语

名词 pen comb key house shirt school mirror 。

如: I bought a book yesterday.。

I borrowed a pen from him.。

代词 me you her him it them us 。

如:She loves him. I love her. I told them a story. 。

数词 I want two 他 。

I gave her a book. I gave a book to her。

(能做主语的词语都能做宾语。)

I like drinking tea。

I like eating apples。

五、宾语补足语make let have call see get find。

名词 I call her Marry. You can call me Nick.。

数词 I put my career/family(the)first.。

形容词 I made her happy .You make me mad. She made him upset.He made the English class funny.。

Eating apples can make you beautiful。

(副词、分词、介词短语、句子)

六、 状语

时间 today tomorrow yesterday soon finally lately recently 如:I will go home tomorrow.。

地点 here there upstairs nearby outside 如: I am happy here / there. 。

方式 slowly loudly suddenly 如: I speak English slowly.。

程度 very good so too 如:Our school is very beautiful.。

频度 often seldom usually always sometimes如:I usually go home after work.。

七、定语.

前置定语:代词、形容词、名词所有格、数词。

my book expensive book good book dirty book Nick's。

后置定语:介词短语、动名词短语、动词不定式短语、句子。

如:The people in the park are dancing.。

The girl with a book is his English teacher.。

new something new anything special。

八、同位语

my father ,the fat man,is drinking。

九、五个基本句型.

1、主语+谓语(不及物动词) +状语 。

I work everyday.。

2、主语 + be + 表语+状语。

I am happy now. 。

she is rich now.。

I am poor now.。

3、主语 +谓语+ 宾语+状语。

I love English very much.。

4、主语 +谓语 + 双宾语+状语。

I gave her a book yesterday.。

5、主语 + 谓语+ 宾语+ 补语+状语。

I made her happy yesterday. 。

what all the people in the park want to know is where the girl in red has gone to?。

I can eat ,I can sleep I am a good eater and a sleeper。

谁有全面的初中英语语法短语(初一到初三)人教版 要全面

1,一般现在时

2,一般过去时

3,一般将来时

4,现在进行时

还有几种词

1,名词

2,代词

3,形容词

4,动词

5,冠词

have sb do sth 让某人做某事 。

speng sth doing sth花....做某事 。

observe sb do sth注意到某人做某事 。

allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事 。

respect sb for sth 因某事尊敬某人 。

argue sb into doing sth说服某人做某事 。

encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人干某事 。

represent sth to sb向某人陈述某事 。

inteng sb to do sth打算让某人做某事 。

prepare sb to do sth让某人准备做某事 。

drive sb to do sth迫使某人做某事 。

begen to do sth开始做某事 。

used to do sth过去常常干某事 。

see sb do sth看到某人做某事 。

imagine sb doing sth想要某人做某事 。

invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事 。

advise sb to do sth劝告某人做某事 。

decided to do sth决定做某事 。

apply to do sth建议某人做某事。

y是个很常用的介词(有时也用作副词),在初中英语中的用法有以下几种: 1.意为“在……旁”、“靠近”。如: Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大树下唱歌跳舞,有的在湖边画画儿。 2.意为“不迟于”、“到……时为止”。如: Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲? 3.表示方法、手段,可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。如: The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.。

猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。 The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph. 。

孩子的父亲是那么的感激,于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。 4.表示“逐个”、“逐批”的意思。如: One by one they went past the table in the dark. 。

他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。5.表示“根据”、“按照”的意思。如:What time is it by your watch? 你的表几点了? 6.和take , hold等动词连用,说明接触身体的某一部分。如: I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。 7.用于被动句中,表示行为主体,常译作“被”、“由”等。如: English is spoken by many people. 英语被许多人所说。(即“许多人讲英语。”) 8.组成其它短语。 1) by the way : 意为“顺便说”、“顺便问一下”,常做插入语。如: By the way , where’s Li Ping , do you know? 。

顺便问一下,李平在哪儿。你知道吗? 2) by oneself : 意为“单独”、“自行”。如: I can’t leave her by herself. 我不能把她单独留下。 3) by and by : 意为“不久以后”、“不一会儿”。如: But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以后,越来越多的人开始学英语了。

二、动名词的构成动词后加动名词doing,相当于名词,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语定语等。1)★作主语(这种用法常考)

Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方与北方开战了。2)作宾语Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?。

请问你介意调小一点收音机的音量吗?3)作表语Babysister’s job is washing,cooking and taking care of the children。保姆的工作是洗衣服,作饭和照看孩子。

Unit2

used to 的用法:(1)肯定句:used这个词没有人称的变化,to后面接动词原形。

否定句是didn’t use to….。

When I was a child, I didn’t use to like apples.当我还是孩子的时候我不喜欢苹果.。

疑问形式是Did you use to…?Where did you use to live before you came here?当你来这儿之前你住哪儿?

(2)含有used to 的句子的反意疑问句不要usedn’t + 主语,而用didn’t + 主语。He used to smoke, didn’t he?  他过去常常吸烟,是吗?Yes, he did./ No, he didn’t.  是的,他吸。/ 不,他不吸。

(3)used to 表示过去的习惯动作, 而不是现在的。I am used to the weather here. 我已经习惯于这里的天气了。He is used to hard work. 他习惯于艰苦的工作。

(4)used to 可以和be, have 以及其他状态动词连用,描写过去的状态。 I used to be a waiter, but now I’m a taxi-driver.我过去是一个服务员,但现在我是出租车司机。

★ 本单元的许多运用used to 的句子属于描述过去的状态。Mario used to be short. 马力奥过去总是很矮。Amy used to be outgoing. 爱米过去性格外向。Tina used to have long and straight hair.蒂娜过去有一头直的长头发。He used to wear black shoes. 他过去常穿黑鞋。

Unit3

本单元重点讲到了被动语态的用法英语动词的被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be有时态,人称和数的变化,其变化规则与连系动词be完全一样。

一、被动语态的句式变化: 以一般现在时和动词invite为例,列表说明被动语态的句式变化:

二、各种时态的被动语态结构总结如下: 被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be动词后面的过去分词不变。一般现在时的被动语态为:主+am / is / are (not)+过去分词一般过去时的被动语态为:主+was / were +过去分词。

例如:我们学过的was / were born 生于,就是一个被动语态.born是个过去分词(bear)-When were you born ? -I was born in 1989. 现在进行时被动语态的构成为: 主语+is / am / are + being +过去分词。

现在完成时被动语态的构成为: 主语+have / has +been +过去分词。

情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词+be+过去分词。

一般将来时的被动语态: 主语+will +be +过去分词。

过去将来时的被动语态: 主语+would / should + be +过去分词。

过去进行时的被动语态: 主语+was / were + being +过去分词。

过去完成时的被动语态: 主语+had + been +过去分词。

三、被动语态的用法:(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁,不用by+动作执行者短语 Football is played widely all over the world. 全世界都广泛地踢足球。

(2)强调动作的承受者,这时应用by短语。The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。

(3)作客观说明时,常采用一种被动语态句型It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA.。

据报道美国大约二十名儿童死于流感。

四、主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是:(1)把原句中的宾语变为主语(2)动词改为被动形式,即be+过去分词(3)原来的主语,如果需要的话,放在by后面,如果没必要,可省略。请看下表:。

主动语态 被动语态

They make trains in Zhuzhou. They use this key for locking the classroom door.Many people speak English.He wrote a letter.They are building a road. Trains are made in Zhuzhou.This key is used for locking the classroom door(by them).English is spoken by many people.A letter was written by him.A road is being built (by them).。

Unit4

虚拟语气:如果我们所说的不是事实,也不是要求、命令、劝告等,而只是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想就用虚拟语气。

注意:条件句分两种,真实条件句和虚拟条件句。只有在虚拟(非真实)条件句中,才用虚拟语气,而在真实条件句中,要用陈述语气。

请比较:

(1)If it is sunny tomorrow , we’ll go to the zoo. 。

如果明天天气好,我们将会去公园。在这句话中,明天天气好是完全有可能实现的,并非虚拟、幻想,因此是真实条件句。在本句中,适用“主将从现。”

(2)If I were you , I would go at once. 。

(如果我是你的话,我立刻就走。)在这句话中,条件句,“如果我是你”,但事实上,我不可能成为你,这只是假设的情况,没有实现的可能。当条件实现的可能性很小,甚至可以说没有时,就需要用虚拟语气来表示,动词发生了变化。

也就是说虚拟语气表示和现实的事实相反时,从句用一般过时。

主句用 “should/would/could/ might +动词原形。

1.If I had time, I would go for a walk.。

2.If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.。

3.If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.。

知识点2. He doesn’t know if he should bring a present.。

此处if表示“是否”,引导宾语从句。Should此处表示“应该”。不是虚拟语气。

E.g.1. I don’t know if I should go to the party.。

2.If I have enough money, I will go to Hainan .。

知识点3.If I were you , I’d wear a shirt and tie.。

if 引导的条件状语从句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气时,be动词只能用were,而不能用was。

E.g. If he were here, he would not agree with you .。

知识点4. I don’t have a present. What if everyone else brings a present?。

What if… “如果……怎么办?”相当于 what would happen if…

E.g. What shall I do if it snows?。

知识点5.Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble.。

Trouble 麻烦事 ,名词。

常用搭配 :get (sb)into trouble get out of trouble what’s the trouble 。

“if”引导的条件句。

nit5

It must be--- (肯定是,100%)。

It might/could be… (有可能,20-80%)。

It can’t be… (肯定不是,0%)。

程度 肯定句 否定句 疑问句。

must ★ ★ ★ ★ √ 。

may ★ ★ ★ √ √

might

/could ★ ★ √

can’t

can ★ √

1. --- Whose book is this?。

--- It must be Mary’s. (肯定; 一定)。

It must belong to Mary.。

2. --- Whose French book is this?。

--- It could be Ali’s. She studies French. (可能)。

3. The hair band might belong to Linda.。

might be Linda’s. (可能)。

4. The T-shirt can’t be John’s. (不可能)。

It’s much too small for him.。

练习:1. --- Whose pen is this?。

--- It ____ Liu Mei because I saw her use it the other day.。

A. can’t be B. might be C. must belong to。

2. That’s a piece of good news. They ___ glad to hear that.。

A. can be B. might be C. must be D. can’t be。

3. Mary ______ be in Paris. I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.。

A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. may not。

Unit6

定语从句

1. who 指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)

The man who I talked with is our teacher.。

A person who steals things is called a thief.。

2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省) 。

The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.。

The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.。

3. which 指物,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省) 。

These are the trees which were planted last year.。

This recorder (which) he is using is made in Japan. 。

Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?。

Is this the library from which you borrow books?。

4. that 指人/物,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)

A plane is a machine. It can fly.→A plane is a machine that can fly.。

He is the man. I told you about him. →He is the man (that) I told you about.。

The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.。

The scientist Ø we met yesterday is very famous in the world. 。

who 。

whom。

that。

The dress is new. She is wearing it.。

The dress that she is wearing is new.。

which。

Ø 。

(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him. 。

He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.。

who。

whom 。

Ø。

This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.。

This is the best film that I have ever seen.。

Ø。

在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时,有如下要点:

1 由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用,又在从句中充当一个成分,因此, 要正确判断关系代词在从句中的功能,如作主语还是宾语等。

2 当先行词指人时,关系代词可用who(做主语,宾语),that(做主语,宾语),whom(作宾语),whose(作定语)

3 当先行词指物时,关系代词可用that(做主语,宾语),which(做主语,宾语)

4 再定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词长可省略,但在介词后面的关系代词不能省略。指人时,介词后只用whom,指物时,介词后只用which。

5 在非限制性定语从句中,指人时,只用who,指物时,只用which。

1.定语从句中that与who、which的区别。

2.定语从句中关系词的省略

典型例题

1. The first job ________I found was to be a cleaner.。

A. where B. why C. which D. that。

解析:指事物的先行词前有序数词修饰时,只能用关系代词that。故本题的正确答案是D。

2. I don’t think history is as interesting as English.(改为同义词)

I think history is ___________ interesting _________ English.。

解析:答案是:less; than。意思是“我认为历史不如英语有趣”。

3. The woman who is wearing the hat is my mother.(改为同义句)

The woman ________ the hat is my mother.。

解析:读题后可知:上句含义是“戴帽子的那个妇女旭我的妈妈”,对应下句,可知空格处应填“戴”,故正确答案是in。

选择填空

1. The poor boy ________ lost both his parents last year is called Mike.。

A.which B.what C.who D./。

2. The bridge ________ has been there for nearly fifty years still looks nice.。

A.which B.what C./ D.who。

3. I’m one of the students _______well in English in my class.。

A.who does B.who do C.which does D.who did。

4. Is this factory ________ some foreign friends visited last 小发猫?。

A.that B.where C.which D.the one。

5. All______ they have done is good for us.。

A.what B.which C.why D.that。

Unit7

表达意愿的几个基本句子

a. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.。

b. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.。

c. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.。

d. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.。

答案:a. I hope to b. I’d like to c. I’d love to d. I want to。

She would like to go to New York. (对划线部分提问)

答案:Where would she like to go?。

注意:where在本句中为副词,go后面不能再加to,而Which city would she like to go to? 中which为代词。

九年级英语复习---语法讲解(Units8-15)。

Unit8

1、短语动词小结

常见短语动词结构有下面几种:

1.动词+副词 如:give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜 。

这种结构有时相当于及物动词,如果其宾语是代词,就必须放在动词和副词之间,如果是名词,则既可插在动词和副词之间,也可放 在短语动词后。

2. 动词+介词 如:listen of 听 look at 看 belong to 属于。

这种结构相当于及物动词,后面跟宾语。

3. 动词+副词+介词 如:come up with 提出,想出 run out of 用完,耗尽。

4. 动词+名词(介词) 如:take part in参加 catch hold of 抓住。

2、倒装句

not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用来连接两个并列的成分 。

(1)引导以 not only …but (also)… 开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。

因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒装句。也是说得要。

把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如:

①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不仅能做到而且做得最好。

⑵Not only…but (also)… 接两主语时,谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则 如:

①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。

②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。

常见的就近原则的结构有:

Neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不)。

Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。

Either… or… 不是…就是… (两者中的一个)。

Either Lily or you are a student. 。

Not only …but (also)…

There be

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