动词不定式有一般式,完成式,进行式,完成进行式。
动词不定式的形式
1) 一般式:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。一般为:动词+ to do something。
He seems to know this.。
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.。
2) 完成式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.。
He seems to have caught a cold.。
3)进行式:表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He seems to be eating something.。
4)完成进行式:
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.。
一般在表示情绪的动词后加to do也表将来。
不规则过去式 动词原形(现在式) 过去式 过去分词 cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 割,切 hit hit hit 打 let let let 让 put put put 放下 read read read 读 hurt hurt hurt 伤 2. A---A---B型(现在式和过去式同形) beat beat beaten 打 3. A---B---A型(现在式和过去分词同形) come came come 来 become became become 变 run ran run 跑 4. A ---B ---B型 (1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。 burn burnt burnt 燃烧 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习 mean meant mhttp://zhidao.baidu.com/question/28743549.html)to do 的dread, hate, like, love, prefer, begin, cease, commence, continue, start, forget, remember, regret, choose, hope, intend, mean, plan, propose, want, wish, help, scorn, venture, ask, beg, decline, demand, offer, promise, refuse, swear, undertake, affect, claim, profess, afford, attempt, contrive, endeavor, fail, learn, manage, neglect, omit, try doing 的acknowledge, admit(坦白,承认), advise, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, can't help, consider, contemplate(深思), delay,。
(1) AAA型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形)
cost(花费) cost cost 。
cut(割) cut cut 。
hit(打) hit hit 。
hurt 伤害) hurt hurt 。
let(让) let let 。
put(放) put put 。
read (读) read read 。
(2) AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形)
beat(跳动) beat beaten 。
(3) ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形)
become(变成) became become 。
come(来) came come 。
run(跑) ran run 。
(4) ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形)
dig(挖) dug dug 。
get(得到) got got 。
hang(吊死) hanged hanged 。
hang(悬挂) hung hung 。
hold(抓住) held held 。
shine(照耀) shone shone 。
sit(坐) sat sat 。
win (赢) won won 。
meet(遇见) met met 。
keep (保持) kept kept 。
sleep(睡) slept slept 。
sweep(扫) swept swept 。
feel(感觉) felt felt 。
smell(闻) smelt smelt 。
leave(离开) left left 。
build(建设) built built 。
lend(借出) lent lent 。
send (传送) sent sent 。
spend(花费) spent spent 。
lose (丢失) lost lost 。
burn (燃烧) burnt burnt 。
learn(学习) learnt learnt 。
mean(意思是) meant meant 。
catch(抓住) caught caught 。
teach(教) taught taught 。
bring(带来) brought brought 。
fight (战斗) fought fought 。
buy(买) bought bought 。
think(想) thought thought 。
hear (听见) heard heard 。
sell(卖) sold sold 。
tell(告诉) told told 。
say(说) said said 。
find(找到) found found 。
have/has(有) had had 。
make(制造) made made 。
stand(站) stood stood 。
understand明白understood understood 。
(5) ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形)
begin(开始) began begun 。
drink(喝) drank drunk 。
ring(铃响) rang rung 。
sing (唱) sang sung 。
swim(游泳) swam swum 。
blow(吹) blew blown 。
draw (画) drew drawn 。
fly(飞) flew flown 。
grow(生长) grew grown 。
know(知道) knew known 。
throw(投掷) threw thrown show(出示) showed shown 。
break(打破) broke broken choose(选择) chose chosen 。
forget(忘记) forgot forgotten (forgot) 。
speak(说,讲) spoke spoken 。
wake(醒) woke woke 。
drive(驾驶) drove driven 。
eat(吃) ate eaten 。
fall(落下) fell fallen 。
give(给) gave given 。
rise(升高) rose risen 。
take(取) took taken 。
mistake(弄错) mistook mistaken 。
ride(骑) rode ridden 。
write(写) wrote written 。
do(做) did done 。
go(去) went gone 。
lie(平躺) lay lain 。
see(看见) saw seen 。
wear (穿) wore worn 。
be ( am, is, are )(是)was, were been。
动词不定式有哪些形式
1.带to的:to+动词原形
2.不带to的:动词原形(一般是在使役动词或者感官动词后面)
动词不定式的用法
。
在初中时,我们就学过动词不定式,现就其用法归纳如下。
动词不定式在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。
一、作主语
动词不定式作主语可位于句首。例如:
To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society.。
也可使用it作形式主语,而将其置于句末。例如:
It is necessary for young students to learn a foreign language.。
动词不定式作主语的常用句型有:
1. It is+adj./ n. (+for sb./sth.) + to do sth.。
用于此句型的形容词有:easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。例如:
It is interesting to play this game.。
It is necessary for you to change your job. 。
It was impossible for them to complete the task in such a short time.。
考例1:Is ____ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? (88 MET)。
A. now B. man C. that D. it。
用于此句型的名词有:pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。例如:
What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonderful film. 。
It is good manners for the young to give their seats to the old. 。
2. It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth. 。
该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词,如: kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。例如:
How rude it was of the boy to jump the queue!。
It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home in their house. 。
How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance!
3. It takes sb.+some time+to do sth. 。
该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。例如:
It took us half an hour to ride to the town by bike. 。
二、作表语
动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构:My wish/ job/ aim/ goal is…及The next step/ measure is …等。例如:
Your job is to type the papers in the office.。
The next measure is to stop the river from being polluted.。
三、作宾语
常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:agree, choose, decide, hope, fail, wish, refuse, expect, manage, plan, intend, pretend, promise, offer, afford, demand, arrange等。 例如:They decided to build a highway between these two cities.。
She offered to help me when I was in trouble.。
believe, think, consider, feel, make等动词可用于“动词+ it +adj. / n+to do sth.”句型,其中使用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。例如:
I think it necessary for us to have a good rest after the long work.。
She felt it her duty to help the old woman.。
四、作宾补
可后接动词不定式作宾补的动词有:advise, allow, ask, hear, order, see, tell, want, wish, watch等。例如:
The doctor advised her no to eat too much sugar.。
I wish you to go to the meeting with me.。
believe, consider, count, declare, deny, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge, know, prove, realize, suppose, think等动词后可接to be型不定式作宾补。例如:
He declared himself to be a college student. 他自称是名大学生。
The police proved him to be a thief. 警察局证实他是小偷。
hope, demand, suggest等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。例如:
【误】I hope my son to be back soon.。
【正】I hope my son will be back soon.。
【误】She suggests us to have a discussion about it.。
【正】She advises us to have a discussion about it.。
【正】She suggests that we (should) have a discussion about it.。
在主动结构中,下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to:“五看”(see, watch, notice, observe, look at)“三使”(make, let, have)“两听”(hear, listen to)“一感觉”(feel)。例如:
Who made him work all night long?。
但是,改为被动结构后,应补出省略的to。例如:
He was seen to break the window.。
五、作定语
动词不定式作定语,应位于所修饰词语之后,即:作后置定语。例如:
Have you got anything to eat? (to eat修饰anything,位于其后)。
下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语:ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, failure, promise, way, wish等。例如:
But she gave up the chance to go abroad.。
由only, first, last, next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后,也常接不定式作定语。例如:
Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night?。
六、作状语
动词不定式作状语,可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。例如:
We went there to see our grandparents.(目的)
I am very sorry to hear that.(原因)
She hurried home only to find her father dead.(结果)
To look at the picture, you would like it.(条件)
作目的状语,还可以使用in order to或so as to。例如:
The boy worked so hard in order to make up for the lost time.。
结果状语还可以使用enough to, too…to…, so…as to, such… as to等结构。例如:
He got up too late to miss the early bus.。
She was in such a hurry as not to notice me. 她如此匆忙,以致没有注意到我。
hope it can help you!。
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