1.Simile 明喻
明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.。
标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.。
例如:
1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.。
2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.。
3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.。
2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻。
隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.。
例如:
1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.。
2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.。
3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻。
借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.。
I.以容器代替内容,例如:。
1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.。
2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.。
II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:。
Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.。
III.以作者代替作品,例如:。
a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集。
VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:。
I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.。
4.Synecdoche 提喻。
提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.。
例如:
1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)。
他的厂里约有100名工人.。
2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)。
他是本世纪的牛顿.
3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分)
这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.。
答:我们认为暗喻的英语句子是:
1. Children are the flowers of our motherland. 。
2.He is the promising person of his family. 。
3. William is one of the soul players of his soccerball team.。
明喻(Simile),是常用as或like等词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。明喻的表达方法是:A像B。
例如:
My heart is like a singing bird.(我的心像一只歌唱的小鸟。)
隐喻(Metaphor)是和明喻不同,不用like或as表示出来,而是进行隐藏的比较的这样一种修辞手段。隐喻又称暗喻。表达方法:A是B。
例如:
1.He is a pig.他简直是头猪。(比喻:他是一个象猪一般的人,指肮脏,贪吃的人。)
2.She is a woman with a stony heart.她是一个铁石心肠的女人。(比喻:这个女人冷酷无情。)
3.Mark Twain is a mirror of America.马克·吐温是美国的一面镜子。(用镜子比喻美国的现实,很贴切。)
隐喻:metaphor
借喻:metonymy
提喻:synecdoche
metaphor uses words to indicate something different from their literal meaning—— one thing is described in terms of another so as to suggest a likeness or analogy between them. 隐喻有几个要点:1. 最新的 2. 相似性(similarity),这点很重要,本体和喻体要有相似性 3. 一致性。
two things in comparison, and this comparison is implied rather than stated. 。
eg: the theory needs more support.这个support就是一个隐喻,相当于把theory比喻成房子,需要地基支撑、支持,引申到支持观点、理论。
eg: he is the apple of her eye.这个就表示很重要的人,掌上明珠之类的。
借喻、换喻、借代:metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one thing is used in place of another that is associated with or suggested by it. 它和暗喻的区别在于,借喻中两者要求不是相似,而是有联系,同一类事物。
eg: will you play me some Chopin? 这个地方,chopin是人名,用其来指代他的作品、音乐。
eg: the kettle is boiling. (kettle 指代water in it.)
eg:tongue——eloquence; brain——knowledge,wisdom or reason; Fleet Street—— the British press 。
通常说来,借代可以由地点代某个特定的东西、人名代他的作品或与之相关的理论、器具或容器代里面所盛放的物品、人的某些特定器官代它所赋予的意义和作用。
提喻synecdoche is a figure by which a more comprehensive term is used for a less comprehensive or vice versa; as whole for part or part for whole; genus for species or species for genus etc. 最主要的区别方法就是一般提喻和整体、局部或是和种类、特殊,还有抽象、具体有关。
eg:Italy beat Spain in the football match. 这里,意大利和西班牙其实就是用整体来代替部分,即“意大利的球队”和“西班牙的球队”。
eg: he paid the workers $5 per head. 这里,head是指“人头”,部分(头)代替整体(每个人)
eg: i had the muscle and they made money out of it. 这里,muscle是个具体的名词,代替一个抽象名词:strength.。
不知我的解释是否清楚了?
隐喻(metaphor)这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets... 。
德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨壹样倾泻下来。
2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 。
钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
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