voyages-60

急急急急急急急！！！太平洋的简介！！

http://www.govoyages.com/ 。

这个网站不错。我就是在这里订的5月初回国9月初回法国的的往返机票 。

税后才501欧

希望帮到你.

补充回答：你说的是09年1月份还是？但是现在已经3月了诶。

通常来说 越早订一般来说优惠的越多。像我，在今年一月初就已经订好了5月的机票 所以相对来说比较便宜。

另，不同的航空公司的价格也不同。

你可以多看看那些航空公司，像我订的是英航的，相对与国航的就便宜了许多，但是得在英国转机。

而且到达国内的目的地也是价格的不同的原因，有时候像同航空公司到上海的价钱就比到香港，北京的便宜。

一份加拿大的介绍（60字以下）！

世界最大的洋

太平洋南起南极地区，北到北极，西至亚洲和澳洲，东界南、北美洲。约占地球面积的三分之一，是世界上最大的大洋。其面积，不包括邻近属海，约为一亿六千五百二十五万平方公里。是第二大洋大西洋面积的2倍，水容量的2倍以上。面积超过包括南极洲在内的地球陆地面积的总和。平均深度(不包括属海)4280米。西太平洋有许多属海，自北向南为白令海、鄂霍茨克海、日本海、黄海、东海和南海。东亚大河黑龙江、黄河、长江、珠江和湄公河均经属海注入太平洋。西经150o以东的洋底较西部平缓。西太平洋水下600米以上的海脊在有些地方形成群岛。自西北太平洋的阿留申海脊向南延伸到千岛群岛、小笠原群岛、马里亚纳、雅浦和帕劳；自帕劳向东延伸至俾斯麦、所罗门群岛和圣克鲁斯；最后由萨摩亚群岛向南至汤加、克马德克、查塔姆和麦夸里。由于北部陆地与海洋的比例高于南部，以及南极洲陆地冰盖的影响，北太平洋的水温高于南太平洋。赤道附近无风带和变风带海水的含盐量低于信风带。对太平洋垂直海流影响最大的是南极大陆周围生成的冷水。极地周围密度大的海水下沉，然后向北蔓延构成太平洋大部分底层。深层冷水在西太平洋以比较鲜明的洋流自南极洲附近向北流往日本。该深海主流的支流以携冷水流向东然后在两半球均流向极地。深海环流受邻近洋流会聚区表层海水下沉的影响。在太平洋热带会聚区分别在南北纬35o至40o之间，距赤道越远海水下沉的深度越大，最重要的会聚区在南纬55度至60度之间。

Karagatang Pasipiko。

Mula sa Tagalog Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya.。

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Karagatang PasipikoAng Karagatang Pasipiko o Dagat Pasipiko (mula sa salitang Latin na Mare Pacificum, na ang ibig sabihin ay payapang laot, na iginawad ni Fernando Magallanes eksplorador na Portugues sa korona ng Espanya) ay ang pinakamalaking karagatan sa mundo. Kinabibilangan ito ng isang tersyo ng buong kalatagan ng Lupa at may sukat na 179.7 milyon km² (69.4 milyon milya kwadrado). Ito ay umaabot ng mga 15,500 km (9,600 mi) mula sa Dagat Bering sa Karagatang Artiko hanggang sa mayelong lugar ng Dagat Ross ng Antartika sa timog. May kalaparang silangan-kanluran na mga 5 gradong H latitud, ito ay nakalatag mga 19,800 km (12,300 mi) mula Indonesia hanggang sa baybayin ng Colombia. Ang kanlurang hangganan ng karagatan sa kadalasan ay ang Kipot ng Malaka. Matatagpuan ang pinaka-mababang dako sa mundo sa Bambang ng Marianas sa ilalim ng Pasipiko. Ang Bambang ng Marianas ay nasa 10,911 metro (35,797 ft) mababa sa pantay laot (sea level).。

Naglalaman ang Pasipiko ng 25,000 mga pulo (mahigit ito sa kabuuang bilang ng buong pinagsamang mga karagatan sa mundo). (Silipin: Mga Pulo sa Pasipiko.) Marami rito ay matatagpuan sa timog ng ekwador. Maraming laot ang nasa kanlurang baybayin ng Pasipiko. Pinamalalaki rito ang Dagat Selebes, Dagat Korales, Dagat Silangang Tsina, Dagat Hapon, Dagat Timog Tsina, Dagat Sulu, Dagat Tasman at Dagat Dilaw. Ang Kipot ng Malaka ay sumasama sa Pasipiko at ang Karagatang Indyan sa kanluran at ang Kipot ng Magallanes ang nagkakabit sa Pasipiko sa Karagatang Atlantiko sa silangan. Sa timog, ang Kipot ng Bering ang nagkakabit sa Pasipiko sa Karagatang Artiko.。

Ang manunuklas na Portuges na si Ferdinand Magellan ang nagpangalan sa karagatan. Ito ay dahil sa napansin nyang kalmado ang tubig nito at naging mapayapa ang kanyang paglalayag mula Kipot ni Magallanes hanggang Pilipinas. Subalit, hindi laging mapaya ang Pasipiko. Maraming bagyo at hurakan ang tumatama sa mga isla nito. Ang mga lupain din sa paligid ng Pasipiko ay puno ng mga bulkan at kadalasang niyayanig ng lindol. Dulot naman ng lindol sa ilalim ng tubig ang tsunami na nakapagpawasak na ng maraming pulo at nakapagpabura ng maraming bayan nito.。

Ang tsunami (daluyong), na dulot ng lindol sa ilalim ng tubig, ay nagdulot ng kapahamakan sa maraming mga pulo na gumunaw sa buong kabayanan.。

Mga nilalaman [itago]。

1 Mga katangian ng tubig Pasipiko 。

2 Heolohiya

3 Mga katihan

4 Kasaysayan at ekonomya 。

5 Mga piling pwerto at daungan 。

6 Bibliograpiya 。

7 Kawing panlabas 。

[baguhin] Mga katangian ng tubig Pasipiko。

Ang temperatura ng tubig sa Pasipiko ay iba-iba mula sa napakalamig sa mga polong (polar) lugar hanggang 29°C (84°F) malapit sa ekwador. Iba-iba rin ang kaalatan (salinity) nito. Ang tubig malapit sa ekwador ay may mababang kaalatan kumpara sa gitnang latitud dahil sa madalas na pag-ulan buong taon dito. Mula sa timpladong (temperate) latitud patungo sa mga polo, mababa rin ang kaalatan dahil sa mabagal na pagsingaw (evaporation) ng tubig alat sa napakalamig na lugar na ito. Kilala ang Dagat Pasipiko na mas mainit sa Dagat Atlantico.。

Sa pangkalahatan, ang ikot ng tubig sa rabaw ng Pasipiko ay kamukha ng ikot ng relo sa Hilagang Hemispero (ang Gire ng Hilagang Pasipiko) at kamukha ng pakontrang ikot ng relo sa Timog Hemispero. Ang Hilagang Agos Ekwatoryal, na itinutulak pakanluran sa 15°N latitud ng viento alisios (trade winds) ay lumiliko ng pahilaga malapit sa Pilipinas upang maging mainit na Agos Kuroshio o Hapon. Pasilangan sa 45°N, nagsasanga ang Kuroshio kung saan ang iba ay patungo pahilaga bilang Agos Aleutian at kung saan ang karamihan ay patimog upang sumama sa Hilagang Agos Ekwatoryal. Ang Agos Aleutian ay nagsasanga pagdating nito sa Hilagang Amerika at bumubuo bilang simunong agos na pakontrang-ikot ng relo sa Laot Bering. Ang timoging galamay nito ay naging malamig at mabagal ng dumadaloy pahilaga bilang Agos California.。

Ang Timog Agos Ekwatoryal, na dumadaloy ng kanluran sa ekwador ay umiikot patimog silangan ng New Guinea, at lumiko pasilangan sa halos 50°S, at sumasama sa kalakhang pakanlurang sirkulasyon ng Timoging Pasipiko na kasama ang umiikot na Sirkumpolong Agos Antartika. Kapag malapit na ito sa pasigan ng Chile, nahahati ang Timog Agos Ekwatoryal; ang isa ay dumadaloy malapit sa Cape Horn at ang isa ay pahilaga upang bumuo ng Agos Humboldt o Peru.。

[baguhin] Heolohiya。

Ang Linya ng Andesite ang pinakakilalang pagkakaibang rehiyonal sa Pasipiko. Naghihiwalay ito sa malalim at basikong batong igneo (igneous) ng Kalukungan ng Gitnang Pasipiko (Central Pacific Basin) sa bahagyang lubog na lupalop na lugar na may maasim na batong igneo sa mga baybayin nito. Sumusunod ang Linya ng Andesite sa kanlurang gilid ng mga pulo malapit sa California at bumabagtas sa timog ng arko ng Aleutian, sa silangang gilid ng Tangway ng Kamchatka (Kamchatka Peninsula), ng Mga Pulo ng Kuril sa Hapon, ng Mga Pulo ng Mariana, ng Mga Pulo ng Solomon, at ng New Zealand. Patuloy ang pagkakaiba pahilagang silangan sa kanlurang gilid ng Cordillera ng Albatross sa Timog Amerika hanggang Mexico at bumabalik sa mga pulo malapit sa California. Ang Indonesia, Pilipinas, Hapon, New Guinea, at New Zealand – na lahat ay pasilangang karugtong ng blokeng lupalop (continental block) ng Australya at Asya – ay nasa labas ng Linya ng Andesite.。

Sa loob ng Linya ng Andesite ang pinakamalalim na trintsera (trench), mga lubog na bulkang bundok, at mga pulong mula sa bulkang dagat na bumubuo sa Kalukungan ng Gitnang Pasipiko. Sa ilalim nito, banayad na bumulwak sa mga bitak ang basaltong lava upang bumuo ng malaking mala-simboryong bulkang bundok kung saan naagnas naman ito upang bumuo ng mga arko, kadena at kalipunan ng mga pulo. Sa labas ng Linya ng Andesite, sumasabog ang bulkanismo. Ang Bilog na Apoy ng Pasipiko (Pacific Ring of Fire) ay pinakabantog sa daigdig dahil nakapaligid rito ang nakakakilabot na bulkanismo nito.。

[baguhin] Mga katihan。

Ang Pasipiko ay napaliligiran ng maraming bulkan at trentserang pangkaragatanAng pinakamalaking katihan sa loob ng Dagat Pasipiko ay ang pulo ng New Guinea – na pangalawa sa mundo. Halos lahat ng maliliit ng mga pulo ng Pasipiko ay nasa pagitan ng 30°N at 30°S, na mula Timog-silangang Asya hanggang sa Pulo ng Paskuwa (Easter Island); halos lahat ng mga pulo sa Kalukungang Pasipiko ay nakalubog.。

Ang bantog na tatsulok (triangle) ng Polynesia na nagdudugtong sa Hawaii, Pulo ng Paskuwa at New Zealand ay napalolooban at lumalagom sa kulumpon ng mga maliliit na pulo ng Cook, Marquesas, Samoa, Society, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuamotu, Tuvalu, at Wallis at Futuna.。

Mula sa hilaga ng ekwador at kanluran ng International Date Line, maraming maliliit na pulo ng Micronesia ang kasama rito: ang mga pulo ng Caroline, Marshall, at Mariana.。

Sa timog kanluran sulok ng Pasipiko, narito ang mga pulo ng Melanesia na pinangungunahan ng New Guinea. Ang iba pang mahahalagang kapuluan ng Melanesia ay ang mga kapuluan ng Bismarck, Fiji, New Caledonia, Solomon, at Vanuatu.。

May apat na uri ang mga pulo sa Dagat Pasipiko: pulong lupalop (continental island), pulong mataas (high island), pulong korales (corral island), at itinaas na plataporma ng korales (raised corral platform). Ang mga pulong lupalop ay nasa labas ng Linya ng Andesite at kasama rito ang New Guinea, ang mga pulo ng New Zealand at ang Pilipinas. Ang mga pulong ito ay mga karugtong ng kalapit na lupalop. Ang mga pulong mataas ay galing sa bulkan at marami ay aktibo pa.. Kilala rito ang Buganbilya, Hawaii at Solomon.。

Ang ika-tatlo at ika-apat na uri ng pulo ay mula sa resulta ng paglaki ng mga korales. Ang mga gubat korales (coral reefs) ay mababang estruktura ng nabuo sa ibabaw ng basaltikong agos ng lava sa ilalim ng rabaw ng karagatan. Isa sa pinakamalaki ay ang Great Barrier Reef sa hilagang silangan ng Australya. Ang ikalawang uri ng pulo ay mula sa itinaas na plataporma ng korales na karaniwan ay malaki ng kaunti sa mga mababang pulo mula sa korales. Halimbawa rito ay ang Banaba (dating Ocean Island) at Makatea sa grupo ng Tuamotu ng Frances na Polynesia.。

[baguhin] Kasaysayan at ekonomya。

Maraming mahahalagang pandarayuhan ang nangyari sa Pasipiko noong pa mang panahong pre-historiko bantog rito ang mga Polynesian na nagmula sa gilid ng Asya na dumayo sa Tahiti at nagpatuloy sa Hawaii, at New Zealand.。

Unang nasilayan ng mga Europeo ang Pasipiko noong ika-16 na siglo. Una rito si Vasco Núñez de Balboa (1513) at sinundan ni Fernando Magallanes na tumawid ng Pasipiko sa kanyang paglilibot-mundo (1519-1522). Noong 1564, ang mga conquistadores ay tumawid ng dagat mula Mexico na pinamumunuan ni Miguel López de Legazpi na naglayag sa Pilipinas at kapuluan ng Marianas. Nangingibabaw ang impluwensya ng Espanya noong natitirang siglo 16 sa Pasipiko sa mga barkong naglalayag mula Espanya patungong Pilipinas, New Guinea at kapuluan ng Solomon. Ang Galeon de Manila ang naging tulay sa pagitan ng Maynila at Acapulco.。

Noong ika-17 siglo, ang mga Holandes na naglayag mula sa timog Aprika ay nangibabaw sa pagtuklas at kalakal; natuklasan ni Abel Janszoon Tasman ang Tasmania at New Zealand (1642). Noong siglo 18 nagsimula ang eksplorasyon ng mga Ruso sa Alaska at kapuluan ng Aleutian, ang mga Pranses sa Polynesia, at ang mga Britanyo sa tatlong paglalayag ni James Cook (sa Timog Pasipiko at Australya, Hawaii, at Hilagang Kanlurang Pasipiko sa Hilagang Amerika).。

Ang pagsibol ng imperyalismo noong siglo 19 ay nagbunga ng pagsakop ng halos buong Oceania ng Gran Britanya at Pransya, sinundan ito ng Estados Unidos. Malaking abuloy sa kaalamang pangkaragatan ang ginawa sa mga paglalayag ng HMS Beagle noong mga taong 1830 na sinakyan ni Charles Darwin; ng HMS Challenger noong 1870s; ng USS Tuscarora (1873-76); at ng Alemang Gazelle (1874-1876). Kahit nasakop ng Estados Unidos ang Pilipinas noong 1989, sakop ng Hapon ang kanlurang Pasipiko noong 1914 at sinakop pa nito ang marami pang pulo noong Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig. Nang matapos ang digmaan, ang U.S. Pacific Fleet (Boke Pasipiko ng E.U.) ang naging panginoon ng karagatan ng Pasipiko.。

Labing pitong bansa ang nasa Pasipiko: Australia, Fiji, Hapon, Kiribati, Mga Pulo ng Marshall, Micronesia, Nauru, New Zealand, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Pilipinas, Samoa, Mga Pulo ng Solomon, Republika ng Tsina (Taiwan), Tonga, Tuvalu, at Vanuatu. Labing isa rito ay naging bansa mula pa noong 1960. Ang kapuluan ng Hilagang Marianas (Northern Marianas) ay may pamahalaan ngunit ang mga panglabas na ugnayan nito ay hawak ng Estados Unidos, ang mga pulo ng Cook at Niue ay may kaparehong relasyon sa New Zealand. Sa loob ng Pasipiko ay ang estado ng E.U. ng Hawaii at marami pang teritoryo at pag-aaring mga pulo ng Australya, Chile, Ecuador, France, Hapon, New Zealand, United Kingdom, at Estados Unidos.。

Ang paglilinang sa yamang mineral ng Pasipiko ay nahahadlangan dahil sa lubhang kalaliman ng karagatan nito. Sa mga mababaw na tubigan sa gilid ng lupalop at pasigan ng Australya at New Zealand, minimina ang petrolyo at natural gas, ang mga mutya (perlas) ay inaani sa pasigan ng Australya, Hapon, Papua New Guinea, Nicaragua, Panama, at Pilipinas. Ang pinakamalaking yaman ng Pasipiko ay ang kanyang isda. Ang mga tubig sa baybayin ng mga lupalop at mga templadong pulo ay nagbibigay ng mga isda tulad tunsoy, salmon, sardinas, gruper (kulapu), espada at tuna gayun din ng mga may talukap na hayop-dagat (shellfish) tulad ng hipon, sugpo, alimango at ulang.。

Noong 1986, ang mga kasaping bansa ng South Pacific Forum ay nagdeklara na sonang libre sa nukleyar ang Pasipiko upang matigil ang mga pagsusubok ng bomba nukleyar at mapigilan ang pagtatapon ng basurang nukleyar doon.。

[baguhin] Mga piling pwerto at daungan。

Acapulco (Mehiko) 。

Anchorage (Estados Unidos) 。

Auckland (New Zealand) 。

Bangkok (Thailand) 。

Brisbane (Australya) 。

Buenaventura (Colombya) 。

Callao sa Lima (Peru) 。

Cebu (Pilipinas) 。

Guayaquil (Ekwador) 。

Hong Kong (Tsina) 。

Honolulu (Estados Unidos) 。

Kitimat, British Columbia (Canada) 。

Kobe (Hapon)

Long Beach (Estados Unidos) 。

Los Angeles (Estados Unidos) 。

Maynila (Pilipinas) 。

Lungsod ng Panama (Panama) 。

Portland (Oregon) (Estados Unidos) 。

Prince Rupert (Canada) 。

San Diego (Estados Unidos) 。

San Francisco (Estados Unidos) 。

Sapporo (Hapon) 。

Seattle (Estados Unidos) 。

Shanghai (Tsina) 。

Singapore (Singapura) 。

Sydney (Australya) 。

Taipei (Taiwan) 。

Tijuana (Mehiko) 。

Valparaiso (Tsile) 。

Vancouver (Canada) 。

Victoria (Canada) 。

Vladivostok (Rusya) 。

Yokohama (Hapon) 。

[baguhin] Bibliograpiya。

Lahat sa Wikang Ingles:。

Barkley, R.A., Oceanographic Atlas of the Pacific Ocean (1969) 。

Cameron, I., Lost Paradise (1987) 。

Couper, A., Development in the Pacific Islands (1988) 。

Crump, D.J., ed., Blue Horizons (1980) 。

Gilbert, John, Charting the Vast Pacific (1971) 。

Lower, J. Arthur, Ocean of Destiny: A Concise History of the North Pacific, 1500-1978 (1978) 。

Oliver, D.L., The Pacific Islands, 3nd ed. (1989) 。

Ridgell, R., Pacific Nations and Territories, 2nd ed. (1988) 。

Soule, Gardner, The Greatest Depths (1970) 。

Spate, O.H., Paradise Found and Lost (1988) 。

Terrell, J.E., Prehistory in the Pacific Islands (1986). 。

Pacific Voyages: The Encyclopedia of Discovery and Exploration (1973). Doubleday 。

Batay sa teksto na public domain mula sa US Naval Oceanographer 。

[baguhin] Kawing panlabas。

Lahat sa Wikang Ingles:。

EPIC Pacific Ocean Data Collection Viewable on-line collection of observational data 。

NOAA In-situ Ocean Data Viewer Plot and download ocean observations 。

Map South Pacific 。

NOAA Ocean Surface Current Analyses - Realtime (OSCAR) Near-realtime Pacific Ocean Surface Currents derived from satellite altimeter and scatterometer data 。

NOAA PMEL Argo profiling floats Realtime Pacific Ocean data 。

NOAA TAO El Nino data Realtime Pacific Ocean El NIno buoy data 。

South Pacific Organizer 。

我可没有！

普罗旺斯的简介

Canada, independent nation (2001 pop. 30,007,094), 3,851,787 sq mi (9,976,128 sq km), N North America. Canada occupies all of North America N of the United States (and E of Alaska) except for Greenland and the French islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon. It is bounded on the E by the Atlantic Ocean, on the N by the Arctic Ocean, and on the W by the Pacific Ocean and Alaska. A transcontinental border, formed in part by the Great Lakes, divides Canada from the United States; Nares and Davis straits separate Canada from Greenland. The Arctic Archipelago extends far into the Arctic Ocean. 。

Canada is a federation of 10 provinces—Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia—and three territories—Nunavut, the Northwest Territories, and the Yukon Territory. Canada's capital is Ottawa and its largest city is Toronto. Other important cities include Montreal, Vancouver, Edmonton, Calgary, Winnipeg, Hamilton, and Quebec Land .。

Canada has a very long and irregular coastline; Hudson Bay and the Gulf of St. Lawrence indent the east coast and the Inside Passage extends along the west coast. The ice-clogged straits between the islands of N Canada form the Northwest Passage. During the Ice Age all of Canada was covered by a continental ice sheet that scoured and depressed the land surface, leaving a covering of glacial drift, depositional landforms, and innumerable lakes and rivers. Aside from the Great Lakes, which are only partly in the country, the largest lakes of North America—Great Bear, Great Slave, and Winnipeg—are entirely in Canada. The St. Lawrence is the chief river of E Canada. The Saskatchewan, Nelson, Churchill, and Mackenzie river systems drain central Canada, and the Columbia, Fraser, and Yukon rivers drain the western part of the country. 。

Canada has a bowl-shaped geologic structure rimmed by highlands, with Hudson Bay at the lowest point. The country has eight major physiographic regions—the Canadian Shield, the Hudson Bay Lowlands, the Western Cordillera, the Interior Lowlands, the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Lowlands, the Appalachians, the Arctic Lowlands, and the Innuitians. 。

The exposed portions of the Canadian Shield cover more than half of Canada. This once-mountainous region, which contains the continent's oldest rocks, has been worn low by erosion over the millennia. Its upturned eastern edge is indented by fjords. The Shield is rich in minerals, especially iron and nickel, and in potential sources of hydroelectric power. In the center of the Shield are the Hudson Bay Lowlands, encompassing Hudson Bay and the surrounding marshy land. 。

The Western Cordillera, a geologically young mountain system parallel to the Pacific coast, is composed of a series of north-south tending ranges and valleys that form the highest and most rugged section of the country; Mt. Logan (19,551 ft/5,959 m) is the highest point in Canada. Part of this region is made up of the Rocky Mts. and the Coast Mts., which are separated by plateaus and basins. The islands off W Canada are partially submerged portions of the Coast Mts. The Western Cordillera is also rich in minerals and timber and potential sources of hydroelectric power. 。

Between the Rocky Mts. and the Canadian Shield are the Interior Lowlands, a vast region filled with sediment from the flanking higher lands. The Lowlands are divided into the prairies, the plains, and the Mackenzie Lowlands. The prairies are Canada's granary, while grazing is important on the plains. 。

The smallest and southernmost region is the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Lowlands, Canada's heartland. Dominated by the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes, the region provides a natural corridor into central Canada, and the St. Lawrence Seaway gives the interior cities access to the Atlantic. This section, which is composed of gently rolling surface on sedimentary rocks, is the location of extensive farmlands, large industrial centers, and most of Canada's population. In SE Canada and on Newfoundland is the northern end of the Appalachian Mt. system, an old and geologically complex region with a generally low and rounded relief. 。

The Arctic Lowlands and the Innuitians are the most isolated areas of Canada and are barren and snow-covered for most of the year. The Arctic Lowlands comprise much of the Arctic Archipelago and contain sedimentary rocks that may have oil-bearing strata. In the extreme north, mainly on Ellesmere Island, is the Innuitian Mt. system, which rises to c.10,000 ft (3,050 m). 。

Canada's climate is influenced by latitude and topography. The Interior Lowlands make it possible for polar air masses to move south and for subtropical air masses to move north into Canada. Hudson Bay and the Great Lakes act to modify the climate locally. The Western Cordillera serves as a climatic barrier that prevents polar air masses from reaching the Pacific coast and blocks the moist Pacific winds from reaching into the interior. The Cordillera has a typical highland climate that varies with altitude; the western slopes receive abundant rainfall, and the whole region is forested. The Interior Lowlands are in the rain shadow of the Cordillera; the southern portion has a steppe climate in which grasses predominate. S Canada has a temperate climate, with snow in the winter (especially in the east) and cool summers. Farther to the north, extending to the timberline, is the humid subarctic climate characterized by short summers and a snow cover for about half the year. The huge boreal forest, the largest surviving remnant of the extensive forests that once covered much of North America, predominates in this region. On the Arctic Archipelago and the northern mainland is the tundra, with its mosses and lichen, permafrost, near-year-round snow cover, and ice fields. A noted phenomenon off the coast of E Canada is the persistence of dense fog, which is formed when the warm air over the Gulf Stream passes over the cold Labrador Current as the two currents meet off Newfoundland. 。

People

About 40% of the Canadian population are of British descent, while 27% are of French origin. Another 20% are of other European background, about 10% are of E or SE Asian origin, and some 3% are of aboriginal or Métis (mixed aboriginal and European) background. In the late 1990s, Canada had the highest immigration rate of any country in the world, with more than half the total coming from Asia. Over 75% of the total population live in cities. Canada has complete religious liberty, though its growing multiculturalism has at times caused tensions among ethnic and religious groups. About 45% of the people are Roman Catholics, while some 40% are Protestant (the largest groups being the United Church of Canada, Anglicans, and Presbyterians). English and French are the official languages, and federal documents are published in both languages. In 1991, about 61% of Canadians cited English as their mother tongue, while 24% cited French. 。

Economy

Since World War II the development of Canada's manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has led to the creation of an affluent society. Services now account for 66% of the GDP, while industry accounts for 31%. Tourism and financial services represent some of Canada's most important industries within the service sector. However, manufacturing is Canada's single most important economic activity. The leading products are transportation equipment, pulp and paper, processed foods, chemicals, primary and fabricated metals, petroleum, electrical and electronic products, wood products, printed materials, machinery, clothing, and nonmetallic minerals. Industries are centered in Ontario, Quebec, and, to a lesser extent, British Columbia and Alberta. Canada's industries depend on the country's rich energy resources, which include hydroelectric power, petroleum, natural gas, coal, and uranium. 。

Canada is a leading mineral producer, although much of its mineral resources are difficult to reach due to permafrost. It is the world's largest source of nickel, zinc, and uranium, and a major source of lead, asbestos, gypsum, potash, tantalum, and cobalt. Other important mineral resources are petroleum, natural gas, copper, gold, iron ore, coal, silver, diamonds, molybdenum, and sulfur. The mineral wealth is located in many areas; some of the most productive regions are Sudbury, Ont. (copper and nickel); Timmins, Ont. (lead, zinc, and silver); and Kimberley, British Columbia (lead, zinc, and silver). Petroleum and natural gas are found in Alberta and Saskatchewan. 。

Agriculture employs about 3% of the population and contributes a similar percentage of the GDP. The sources of the greatest farm income are livestock and dairy products. Among the biggest income-earning crops are wheat, oats, barley, corn, and canola. Canada is one of the world's leading agricultural exporters, especially of wheat. Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta are the great grain-growing provinces, and, with Ontario, are also the leading sources of beef cattle. The main fruit-growing regions are found in Ontario, British Columbia, Quebec, and Nova Scotia. Apples and peaches are the principal fruits grown in Canada. More than half of the total land area is forest, and Canadian timber production ranks among the highest in the world. 。

Fishing is an important economic activity in Canada. Cod and lobster from the Atlantic and salmon from the Pacific have been the principal catches, but the cod industry was halted in the mid-1990s due to overfishing. About 75% of the take is exported. The fur industry, once vitally important but no longer dominant in the nation's economy, is centered in Quebec and Ontario. 。

A major problem for Canada is that large segments of its economy—notably in manufacturing, petroleum, and mining—are controlled by foreign, especially U.S. interests. This deprives the nation of much of the profits of its industries and makes the economy vulnerable to developments outside Canada. This situation is mitigated somewhat by the fact that Canada itself is a large foreign investor. Since the free trade agreement with the United States (effective 1989), Canadian investment in U.S. border cities, such as Buffalo, N.Y., has increased dramatically. 。

The United States is by far Canada's leading trade partner, followed by Japan and Great Britain. Manufactured goods comprise the bulk of imports; crude petroleum and motor vehicles and parts rank high among both the nation's largest imports and exports. Other important exports are newsprint, lumber, wood pulp, wheat, machinery, aluminum, natural gas, hydroelectric power, and telecommunications equipment. 。

Government

Canada is an independent constitutional monarchy and a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The monarch of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is also the monarch of Canada and is represented in the country by the office of governor-general. The basic constitutional document is the Canada Act of 1982, which replaced the British North America Act of 1867 and gave Canada the right to amend its own constitution. The Canada Act, passed by Great Britain, made possible the Constitution Act, 1982, which was passed in Canada. The document includes a Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which guarantees the rights of women and native peoples and protects other civil liberties. 。

The Canadian federal government has authority in all matters not specifically reserved to the provincial governments. The provincial governments have power in the fields of property, civil rights, education, and local government. They may levy only direct taxes. The federal government may veto any provincial law. Power on the federal level is exercised by the Canadian Parliament and the cabinet of ministers, headed by the prime minister. (See the table entitled Canadian Prime Ministers since Confederation for a list of Canada's prime ministers.) Canada has an independent judiciary; the highest court is the Supreme Court, with nine members. 。

The Parliament has two houses: the Senate and the House of Commons. There are generally 104 senators, apportioned among the provinces and appointed by the governor-general upon the advice of the prime minister. Senators may serve until age 75; prior to 1965 they served for life. The 301 members of the House of Commons are elected, largely from single-member constituencies. Elections must be held at least every five years. The Commons may be dissolved and new elections held at the request of the prime minister. There are four main political parties: the Liberal party, the Conservative party (formed in 2003 by the merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative party), the Bloc Québécois (aligned with the Parti Québécois of Quebec), and the New Democratic party. 。

History

Early History and French-British Rivalry 。

Prior to the arrival of Europeans in Canada, the area was inhabited by various peoples who came from Asia via the Bering Strait more than 10,000 years ago. The Vikings landed in Canada c.A.D. 1000. Their arrival is described in Icelandic sagas and confirmed by archaeological discoveries in Newfoundland. John Cabot, sailing under English auspices, touched the east coast in 1497. In 1534, the Frenchman Jacques Cartier planted a cross on the Gaspé Peninsula. These and many other voyages to the Canadian coast were in search of a northwest passage to Asia. Subsequently, French-English rivalry dominated Canadian history until 1763. 。

The first permanent European settlement in Canada was founded in 1605 by the sieur de Monts and Samuel de Champlain at Port Royal (now Annapolis Royal, N.S.) in Acadia. A trading post was established in Quebec in 1608. Meanwhile the English, moving to support their claims under Cabot's discoveries, attacked Port Royal (1614) and captured Quebec (1629). However, the French regained Quebec (1632), and through the Company of New France (Company of One Hundred Associates), began to exploit the fur trade and establish new settlements. The French were primarily interested in fur trading. Between 1608 and 1640, fewer than 300 settlers arrived. The sparse French settlements sharply contrasted with the relatively dense English settlements along the Atlantic coast to the south. Under a policy initiated by Champlain, the French supported the Huron in their warfare against the Iroquois; later in the 17th cent., when the Iroquois crushed the Huron, the French colony came near extinction. Exploration, however, continued. 。

In 1663, the Company of New France was disbanded by the French government, and the colony was placed under the rule of a royal governor, an intendant, and a bishop. The power exercised by these authorities may be seen in the careers of Louis de Buade, comte de Frontenac, Jean Talon, and François Xavier de Laval, the first bishop of Quebec. There was, however, conflict between the rulers, especially over the treatment of the indigenous peoples—the bishop regarding them as potential converts, the governor as means of trade. Meanwhile, both missionaries, such as Jacques Marquette, and traders, such as Pierre Radisson and Médard Chouart des Groseilliers, were extending French knowledge and influence. The greatest of all the empire builders in the west was Robert Cavelier, sieur de La Salle, who descended the Mississippi to its mouth and who envisioned the vast colony in the west that was made a reality by men like Duluth, Bienville, Iberville, and Cadillac. 。

The French did not go unchallenged. The English had claims on Acadia, and the Hudson's Bay Company in 1670 began to vie for the lucrative fur trade of the West. When the long series of wars between Britain and France broke out in Europe, they were paralleled in North America by the French and Indian Wars. The Peace of Utrecht (1713) gave Britain Acadia, the Hudson Bay area, and Newfoundland. To strengthen their position the French built additional forts in the west (among them Detroit and Niagara). The decisive battle of the entire struggle took place in 1759, when Wolfe defeated Montcalm on the Plains of Abraham, bringing about the fall of Quebec to the British. Montreal fell in 1760. By the Treaty of Paris in 1763, France ceded all its North American possessions east of the Mississippi to Britain, while Louisiana went to Spain. 。

British North America 。

The French residents of Quebec strongly resented the Royal Proclamation of 1763, which imposed British institutions on them. Many of its provisions, however, were reversed by the Quebec Act (1774), which granted important concessions to the French and extended Quebec's borders westward and southward to include all the inland territory to the Ohio and the Mississippi. This act infuriated the residents of the Thirteen Colonies (the future United States). In 1775 the American Continental Congress had as its first act not a declaration of independence but the invasion of Canada. In the American Revolution the Canadians remained passively loyal to the British crown, and the effort of the Americans to take Canada failed dismally (see Quebec campaign). 。

Loyalists from the colonies in revolt (see United Empire Loyalists) fled to Canada and settled in large numbers in Nova Scotia and Quebec. In 1784, the province of New Brunswick was carved out of Nova Scotia for the loyalists. The result, in Quebec, was sharp antagonism between the deeply rooted, Catholic French Canadians and the newly arrived, Protestant British. To deal with the problem the British passed the Constitutional Act (1791). It divided Quebec into Upper Canada (present-day Ontario), predominantly British and Protestant, and Lower Canada (present-day Quebec), predominantly French and Catholic. Each new province had its own legislature and institutions. 。

This period was also one of further exploration. Alexander Mackenzie made voyages in 1789 to the Arctic Ocean and in 1793 to the Pacific, searching for the Northwest Passage. Mariners also reached the Pacific Northwest, and such men as Capt. James Cook, John Meares, and George Vancouver secured for Britain a firm hold on what is now British Columbia. During the War of 1812, Canadian and British soldiers repulsed several American invasions. The New Brunswick boundary (see Aroostook War) and the boundary W of the Great Lakes was disputed with the United States for a time, but since the War of 1812 the long border has generally been peaceful. 。

Rivalry between the North West Company and the Hudson's Bay Company erupted into bloodshed in the Red River Settlement and was resolved by amalgamation of the companies in 1821. The new Hudson's Bay Company then held undisputed sway over Rupert's Land and the Pacific West until U.S. immigrants challenged British possession of Oregon and obtained the present boundary (1846). After 1815 thousands of immigrants came to Canada from Scotland and Ireland. 。

Movements for political reform arose. In Upper Canada, William Lyon Mackenzie struggled against the Family Compact. In Lower Canada, Louis J. Papineau led the French Canadian Reform party. There were rebellions in both provinces. The British sent Lord Durham as governor-general to study the situation, and his famous report (1839) recommended the union of Upper and Lower Canada under responsible government. The two Canadas were made one province by the Act of Union (1841) and became known as Canada West and Canada East. Responsible government was achieved in 1849 (it had been granted to the Maritime Provinces in 1847), largely as a result of the efforts of Robert Baldwin and Louis H. LaFontaine.。

求“根据句意及首字母提示补全文中所缺单词”的题

浪漫普罗旺斯，醉人薰衣草花海

普罗旺斯位于法国南部，从诞生之日起，就谨慎地保守着她的秘密，直到英国人彼得·梅尔的到来，普罗旺斯许久以来独特生活风格的面纱才渐渐揭开。在梅尔的笔下“普罗旺斯”已不再是一个单纯的地域名称，更代表了一种简单无忧、轻松慵懒的生活方式，一种宠辱不惊，看庭前花开花落；去留无意，望天上云卷云舒的闲适意境。如果旅行是为了摆脱生活的桎梏，普罗旺斯会让你忘掉一切。

整个普罗旺斯地区因极富变化而拥有不同寻常的魅力--天气阴晴不定，暖风和煦，冷风狂野，地势跌宕起伏，平原广阔，峰岭险峻，寂寞的峡谷，苍凉的古堡，蜿蜒的山脉和活泼的都会，全都在这片法国的大地上演绎万种风情。7~8月间的熏衣草迎风绽放，浓艳的色彩装饰翠绿的山谷，微微辛辣的香味混合着被晒焦的青草芬芳，交织成法国南部最令人难忘的气息。

这个地区的活动之多，更是令人目不暇接，从年初2月的蒙顿柠檬节到7~8月的亚维农艺术节。欧洪吉的歌剧节到8月普罗旺斯山区的熏衣草节，四时呼应着山城无拘无束的岁月。这股自由的色彩蛊惑着艺术家创作的灵感，包括塞尚、凡高、莫奈、毕加索、夏卡尔等人均在普罗旺斯展开艺术生命的新阶段，蔚蓝海岸的享乐主义风气，也吸引了美国作家费兹杰罗、英国作家D.H劳伦斯、法国作家赫胥黎、尼采等人前来朝圣，当然，还囊括了《山居岁月》，将普罗旺斯推向巅峰的彼得·梅尔。普罗旺斯浪漫的色彩，没完没了的艺术也吸引着我们闻风而来。

普罗旺斯最令人心旷神怡的是，它的空气中总是充满了薰衣草、百里香、松树等的香气。这种独特的自然香气是在其他地方所无法轻易体验到的。其中又以薰衣草最为得天独厚且受到喜爱。由于充足灿烂的阳光最适宜薰衣草的成长，再加上当地居民对薰衣草香气以及疗效的钟爱，因此，在普罗旺斯不仅可以看到遍地薰衣草紫色花海翻腾的迷人画面，而且在住家也常见挂着各式各样薰衣草香包、香袋，商店也摆满由薰衣草制成的各种制品，像薰衣草香精油、香水、香皂、蜡烛等，在药房与市集中贩卖着分袋包装好的薰衣草花草茶。让人禁不住想多了解普罗旺斯迷人的香气--薰衣草的种种。

在普罗旺斯，薰衣草花田一年四季都有着截然不同的景观。冬天，在收成切割后，只剩下短而整齐的枯茎，覆盖着白雪。春天一到，绿叶冒出。6月紫晕，渐渐地随着夏天的艳阳愈愈热，薰衣草花也很快地转变成迷人的深紫色。紧接着是忙碌的采收工作开始了，掌握时间很重要，因此，花农们必须夜以继日地采割花朵，并蒸馏萃取液。直到9月底，所有的花田都已采收完成。薰衣草花田才得以喘口气，吸收大自然的精华，为明年夏天的再一次盛开紫色花朵而做准备。

永远的普罗旺斯

整个普罗旺斯地区因极富变化而拥有不同寻常的魅力--天气阴晴不定，暖风和煦，冷风狂野，地势跌宕起伏，平原广阔，峰岭险峻，寂寞的峡谷，苍凉的古堡，蜿蜒的山脉和活泼的都会--全都在这片法国的大地上演绎万种风情。7-8月间的薰衣草迎风绽放，浓艳的色彩装饰翠绿的山谷，微微辛辣的香味混合着被晒焦的青草芬芳，交织成法国南部最令人难忘的气息。在美食方面，普罗旺斯最大的优势在于农产品丰富，新鲜的蔬菜水果、橄榄油、大蒜、海鲜、香料组合成食客的天堂。

漫游薰衣草的天下

Lavender--薰衣草，这种花语为"等待爱情"的紫色小花，不知迷倒了多少人。Self Voyages Provence(普罗旺斯自助游旅行社)的Pascal先生开着他的丰田带着我们穿山过野，翻过白色石灰岩即使是夏天看起来也像是白雪皑皑的冯杜山(Mont Ventoux)，穿过大片大片金色的向日葵园，终于停在了一片紫霞蒸腾的土地。

薰衣草之都Lavender Sault 赛尔真是太美了。我是第一次看到如此茂盛的薰衣草田，如此纯粹的紫色在高高低低的田园里绽开，在夏日的风中打开浪漫的符号，像那种最沉静的思念，最甜蜜的惆怅，仿佛藏身于深爱者的心中却永远无法执子之手的那种温暖而忧伤的感觉。

收割好的干草垛卷成橡木酒桶样子，三个五个地晾晒在田野上，黄得很单纯。黄与紫就这样干净地舒展着，空气里、我们的头发上，肌肤上满满的沾染了薰衣草的味道。

我们的司机兼导游，来自Self Voyages Provence(普罗旺斯自助游旅行社)的Pascal先生已经在柏树林里为我们搭好了野餐的台椅，野餐的内容如此丰盛，唯一担心的是胃口太好，中西式菜点，鲜榨果汁，面包，奶酪，水果，酒类，甚至还有甜点！阳光从柏树叶间透露出斑斑点点的金色，风儿轻柔，雀鸣婉转，满眼都是纯美的紫色，呼吸里都是甜美的气息--所谓幸福，不过如此吧！

普罗旺斯地理＆历史

普罗旺斯（Provence）位于法国南部。最初的普罗旺斯北起阿尔卑斯山，南到比利牛斯山脉，包括法国的整个南部区域。罗马帝国时期，普罗旺斯就被列为其所属的省份。18世纪末大革命时期，法国被分成5个不同的行政省份，普罗旺斯是其中之一。到了20世纪60年代，行政省份又被重新组合划分成22个大区，于是有了现在的普罗旺斯－阿尔卑斯大区。在温文尔雅的大学名城艾克斯、教皇之城亚维农的前后，还有那些逃过世纪变迁的中世纪小村落和古老的山镇。

普罗旺斯出品优质葡萄美酒，其中20$Cts％$为高级和顶级酒种。由于地中海阳光充足，普罗旺斯的葡萄含有较多的糖分，这些糖转变为酒精，使普罗旺斯酒的酒精度比北方的酒高出2度。略带橙黄色的干桃红酒是最具特色的。常见的红酒有：Cotes de Provence, Coteaux d $Cts'$Aix en Provence, Bandol。

从地中海沿岸延伸到内陆的丘陵地区，中间有大河"Rhone"流过，很多历史城镇，自古就以靓丽的阳光和蔚蓝的天空，迷人的地中海和心醉的薰衣草，令世人惊艳。

埃克斯市Aix-en-Provence是画家保尔·塞尚的故乡，自中世纪起就是一座大学城，也是著名的"泉城"。这里是罗马普罗旺斯的古都。在今天仍以古罗马遗迹、中世纪、 哥特式和文艺复兴风格建筑而著称。埃克斯市还以独特的烹饪、玫瑰红葡萄酒、以及特别的语言--普罗旺斯方言闻名。

南普罗旺斯的古老小城阿尔（Arles），以热烈明亮的地中海阳光和时尚的艺术风格闻名。看过《梵高传》的人大概都会记得杰出的画家曾在这里创作、生活过。这里的街道、房屋、酒吧，到处充满了浓厚的艺术气息。古罗马的建筑（阿尔人是古罗马人的后裔）、艺术家的作品、生活在现代文明社会的人，在这里和谐相处，宁静美好。这里每年7月，还会举办一个很时髦的国际摄影节，在石头古巷和小广场上，展览当今缔造潮流的大摄影师和风流人物。

venus 的原唱是谁？

Being alone in outer space can be frightening.That is one reason why astronauts on solo(单独的) space flights were given plenty of work to keep them 45 .They were also in constant communication with people on the earth._ 46 ,being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone.This is what happens on long submarine(潜水艇) voyages.It will also happen on 47 space flights in the future.Will there be special problems of adjustment under such conditions? 。

Scientists have studied the reactions of men to one another during long submarine voyages.They have found that the longer the voyage lasts the more serious the problem of___ 48___ is.When men are 49 together for a long period,they begin to feel uneasy.Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable.In the limited space over a long period of time,however,these little habits may become very 50 . 。

Apparently,although no one wants to be 51 all the time,everyone needs some degree of privacy.When people are enclosed together,they are in what is called a stress situation.That means that they are under an unusual amount of 52 or stress. 。

People who are well-adjusted are able to 53 stress situations better than others.That is one reason why so much care is taken in 54 our astronauts.These men undergo a long period of testing and training.One of the things tested is their behaviour under stress. 。

45.A.tired B.asleep C.conscious D.busy 。

46.A.So far B.After all C.However D.Therefore 。

47.A.long B.fast C.dangerous D.direct 。

48.A.fuel B.entertainment C.adjustment D.health 。

49.A.shut up B.held up C.brought up D.picked up 。

50.A.pleasing B.annoying C.common D.valuable 。

51.A.noisy B.alone C.personal D.sociable 。

52.A.emphasis B.conflict C.power D.pressure 。

53.A.handle B.create C.affect D.investigate 。

54.A.becoming B.choosing 。

C.ordering D.promoting 。

B

One topic is rarely mentioned in all the talk of improving standards in our schools:the almost complete failure of foreign-language teaching.As a French graduate who has taught for more than twenty-five years.I believe I have some idea of why the failure is so total. 55 the faults already found out in the education system as a whole—such as child-centred learning,the “discovery” method,and the low expectations by teachers of pupils—there have been several serious 56 which have a direct effect on language teaching. 。

The first is the removal from the curriculum(课程) of the thorough teaching of English 57 .Pupils now do not know a verb from a noun,the subject of a sentence from its object,or the difference between the past,present,or future. 。

Another important error is mixed-ability teaching,or teaching in ability groups so 58 that the most able pupils are 59 and are bored while the least able are lost and 60 bored. 。

Strangely enough,few head teachers seem to be in favour of mixed-ability school football teams. 。

Progress depends on memory,and pupils start to forget immediately they stop having 61 。

lessons.This is why many people who attended French lessons at school,even those who got good grades,have forgotten it a few years later. 62 they never need it,they do not practise it. 。

Most American schools have accepted what is inevitable and 63 modern languages,even Spanish,from the curriculum.Perhaps it is time for Britain to do the same,and stop 。

64 resources on a subject which few pupils want or need. 。

55.A.Due to B.In addition to 。

C.Instead of D.In spite of 。

56.A.errors B.situations C.systems D.methods 。

57.A.vocabulary B.culture C.grammar D.literature 。

58.A.wide B.similar C.separate D.unique 。

59.A.kept out B.turned down 。

C.held back D.left behind 。

60.A.surprisingly B.individually 。

C.equally D.hardly 。

61.A.extra B.traditional C.basic D.regular 。

62.A.Although B.Because C.Until D.Unless 。

63.A.restored B.absorbed C.prohibited D.withdrawn 。

64.A.wasting B.focusing C.exploiting D.sharing 。

45.答案：D

解析：busy意为“忙碌的”。根据上文中的“...were given plenty of work”可判断出给他们足够的工作使他们保持忙碌的状态。tired意为“疲劳的,累的,疲倦的”。asleep意为“睡着的,睡熟的”。conscious意为“有意识的,有知觉的”。

46.答案：C

解析：however意为“然而,可是”。根据“They were also in constant communication with people on the earth”和“being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone”是转折关系，所以要用however。so far意为“迄今为止”；after all意为“毕竟”；therefore意为“因此,所以”。

47.答案：A

解析：long意为“长的,长期的”。根据上文中的“This is what happens on long submarine voyages.”可判断出要用long，表示“对于将来长时间的太空飞行也是这样。”also意为“也”，fast意为“快速的”；dangerous意为“危险的”；direct意为“直接的”。

48.答案：C

解析：adjustment意为“调整,调节”。根据上文中的“Will there be special problems of adjustment under such conditions”可判断出表示航行的时间越长，调节的问题越严重。fuel意为“燃料”；entertainment意为“款待,娱乐,娱乐表演”；health意为“健康”。

49.答案：A

解析：shut up意为“关闭,关上”。表示“当把一些人长时间关在一起，他们就开始感觉不舒服”。故选A项。hold up意为“举起,支撑,继续下去,阻挡,拦截”；bring up意为“教育,培养”；pick up意为“捡起,获得”。

50.答案：B

解析：annoying意为“恼人的,讨厌的”。根据上文中的“Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable.”可判断出“当人长时间待在有限的空间内，这些小的习惯就变得令人恼火”。acceptable和annoying含有相反的意味；pleasing意为“令人高兴的,愉快的,合意的”；common意为“共同的,公共的,公有的,普通的”；valuable意为“贵重的,有价值的,颇有价值的”。

51.答案：B

解析：alone意为“孤独的,独自的”。根据上面两段的内容可判断出任何人都不愿意孤独。noisy意为“嘈杂的,聒噪的”；personal意为“私人的,个人的,亲自的”；sociable意为“好交际的,友善的,增进友谊的,喜欢群居的”。

52.答案：D

解析：pressure意为“压,压力”；表示“这意味着他们处于不正常的压力和紧张中”。emphasis意为“强调,重点”；conflict意为“斗争,冲突”；power意为“能力,力量,动力,权力”。

53.答案：A

解析：handle 意为“处理,操作”。表示“自我调节好的人比其他人能够更好地处理紧张局面”。create意为“创造,创作,引起,造成”；affect意为“影响,感动”；investigate意为“调查,研究”。

54.答案：B

解析：choose意为“选择,选定”。根据上文中的“People who are well-adjusted are able to handle stress situations better than others”可判断出要挑选那些自我调节好的人当宇航员。become意为“变成,成为,变得”；order意为“命令,订购,定制”；promote意为“促进,发扬,提升,提拔,晋升为”。

55.答案：B

解析：in addition to意为“除……之外”，指“除……外还有”，根据句意选B项。due to意为“由于,应归于”；instead of意为“代替,而不是”；in spite of意为“不管”。

56.答案：A

解析：error意为“错误,过失,误差”。根据第三段“Another important error is mixed-ability teaching”可判断出有几个对语言教学产生影响的严重错误。故选A项。situation意为“情形,境遇”；system意为“系统,体系,制度,体制,秩序,规律,方法”；method意为“方法”。

57.答案：C

解析：grammar意为“语法”。根据下文中的“Pupils now do not know a verb from a noun,the subject of a sentence from its object,or the difference between the past,present,or future.”可判断出这里指的是语法，因为区分动词和名词、主语和宾语、过去时、现在时和将来时都属于语法问题。vocabulary意为“词汇,词汇量,词表”；culture意为“文化,文明”；literature意为“文学(作品),文艺,著作,文献”。

58.答案：A

解析：wide意为“宽的,广阔的”。根据下文中的“the most able pupils are held back and are bored while the least able are lost and equally bored.”可判断出所教的学生的能力差别太大。similar意为“相似的,类似的”；separate意为“分开的,分离的,个别的,单独的”；unique意为“唯一的,独特的”。

59.答案：C

解析：hold back意为“阻止,抑制”。根据上文的内容可判断出“由于所教学生的能力差别太大，能力最强的学生受到了抑制”。keep out意为“使……在外”；turn down意为“(被)向下折转,拒绝”；leave behind意为“留下,遗留”。

60.答案：C

解析：equally意为“相等地,平等地,公平地”。根据上文中的“while the least able are lost”可判断出因为能力最差的学生听不懂所讲的课程，所以他们和能力最强的学生一样感到无聊。surprisingly意为“令人惊讶地”；individually意为“个别地”；hardly意为“几乎不”。

61.答案：D

解析：regular意为“规则的,有秩序的,经常的”。表示“进步依赖于记忆，学生们上完常规的课程很快开始遗忘。regular lessons指“学生在学校学习的课程”；extra意为“额外的”；traditional意为“传统的,惯例的”；basic意为“基本的”。

62.答案：B

解析：because意为“因为”。they do not practice it与they never need it是因果关系，表示“因为他们需要它，所以也不练习它”。although意为“虽然”；until意为“到……为止,在……以前”；unless意为“如果不,除非”。

63.答案：D

解析：withdraw意为“收回,撤销，缩回,退出”。表示“大多数美国学校认为这是不可避免的，并从课程表中取消了现代语言，甚至西班牙语”。restore意为“恢复,使回复,归还,交还,修复,重建”；absorb意为“吸收,吸引”；prohibit意为“禁止,阻止”。

64.答案：A

解析：waste意为“浪费,消耗”。根据上文中的inevitable可判断出由于学生不学这门语言就会遗忘是一件不可避免的事，所以应该停止浪费学习一门学生们不想学习或不需要学习课程方面所花费的资源。focus意为“调焦,集中”；explore意为“探险,探测,探究”；share意为“分享,均分,共有,分配”。

原文地址：http://www.qianchusai.com/voyages-60.html