driving-30

nedc综合油耗是什么意思？,

Book 3Module 4 参考答案及部分解析。

参考答案

1-5BABCA 6-10BCBCB。

11-15CAACB 16-20 CABCC 21-25 DCABB 26-30 DACBB。

31-35AADCB 36-40 AEGCD 。

41-45CDBAB 46-50 DACBD。

51-55ACCBA 56-60DCBAA。

61.in 62.it 。

63. tocontinue 64. driving 。

65.absolutely 66. a。

67.that / which 68. has been found。

69.frightening 70. pollution。

短文改错：

71. ...Trevor was very ... was → is。

72. ...he usual goes ... usual → usually。

73. Atworks ... works → work。

74. Inlunchtime ... In → At。

75. ...hour or two ... hour前加an。

76. ...so much sport ... so → as。

77. Sheplays football ... She → He。

78. ...winter or sailing ... or → and。

79. ...who love sport ... love → loves。

80. ...ever been seen! 去掉been。

Onepossible version:。

Toraise public awareness of sandstorm prevention, an activity with the theme of“Preventing sandstorms starts from me” was held by the English newspaper officeof our school last week.。

Duringthe activity, many pictures about the harm of sandstorms were shown, whichhelped people better understand the damage that sandstorms bring to us. What'smore, leaflets were given out in the streets advertising the importance ofsandstorm prevention. The most important part of the activity was that weplanted some trees to contribute to the prevention of sandstorms. In anutshell, this activity was a big success.。

部分解析

阅读理解：

A篇 (周围的环境)

本文是应用文。文章是一则关于约克大教堂的参观指南。

21. D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的to explore the past可知，游客在约克大教堂可以探究其历史。

22. C。细节理解题。根据文中的Free guided tours run fromMonday to Saturday between 10 am - 3 pm可知，只有C项符合该时间段要求。

23. A。细节理解题。根据Group visits部分的内容可知，要想了解关于团体参观的信息，可以拨打电话01904 557 217或者发邮件至groups@yorkminster.org。

B篇 (个人情况)

本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了首位太空女游客阿努什·安萨里的相关故事。

24. B。推理判断题。根据第一段中的When I was a child, space wasall I dreamt and talked about. My parents thought it was just a phase, but as Igrew up I became greatly interested in science可推测，Anousheh对于太空的热爱在父母看来只是一时头脑发热，不会持续太长时间。

25. B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的working on lower back pains inastronauts可知，太空机组成员可能遭受疼痛之苦。

26. D。细节理解题。根据第三段中的After a while, I got used to allthis, though, and I felt so at home that in the end it was hard to go back tonormality可知，Anousheh在太空站慢慢适应了那里的环境。

27. A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Anousheh is proud to be thefirst female space tourist and wants to encourage women all over the world可知，Anousheh想借自己的太空旅行鼓励更多的女性去太空探索。

C篇 (健康)

本文是议论文。作者在文中论述了义务献血的紧迫性。

28. C。写作手法题。根据第二段中的In my survey of my schoolmates,I found that ... 可知，作者在第二段主要是通过陈述自己的研究发现来解释说明献血者少这一问题。

29. B。推理判断题。根据第三段中的in the United States alonesomeone receives a blood transfusion once every three seconds和The need for blood never takes a vacation不难看出市场对血液的强烈需求。

30. B。细节理解题。根据第四段中的Her treatment will require about500 units of blood in total, of which only 250 units have been replaced. Shestill needs the other half of the total amount to continue her treatment可知，Brooke还需要250单位的血液。

31. A。写作目的题。通读全文可知，本文的目的是劝说人们义务献血。

D篇 (天气)

本文是记叙文。美国威斯康星州的一对夫妇由于及时收听到了电台的天气预报而躲过了一劫。

32. A。细节理解题。根据第一段中的A Wisconsin couple says an earlywarning could have been the difference between life and death when a tornadohit last summer以及下文讲述的故事可知，这对威斯康星州的夫妇在一场龙卷风中死里逃生。

33. D。细节理解题。根据第三段中的I turned the radio on and therewas a specific warning: A storm is about to hit the Turtle-Flambeau. Take coverimmediately可知，电台提醒人们躲避风暴。

34. C。词义猜测题。根据该词后面的It's directly from the weatherservice, so you're getting information at exactly the same time they're gettingit可知，天气预报收音机发出的信息是即时的。

35. B。主旨大意题。根据文中描述一对夫妇在龙卷风来临前由于及时收听到天气预报而避免了较大的伤害以及风暴过后，这对夫妇开始确保身边的人都有一台这样的收音机可以收听天气预报可知，B项概括了文章主旨。

七选五：

话题：人际关系

本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了几种讨厌的乘客。

36. A。根据该段中的dropping their toys和when they're drinking their orange juice itends up on your trousers可知，该段主要描述的是小孩子的行为。

37. E。根据下一句So you can't have the littlesleep that you were planning可知，由于他们又想和你玩耍，因此你睡不成觉。

38. G。根据该段的小标题Conversation makers和上一句It's very difficult not to talkto these people可知，由于身边坐了一位非常健谈的乘客，因此你很可能不得不和对方一直聊到飞机着陆。

39. C。根据该段的小标题Nervous fliers和上一句中的ask if there are any problemswith the plane可知，神情紧张的乘客可能会给你讲一些空难的故事。

40. D。根据下一句But they have a terrible habitof taking up all their room, and some of your room too可知，这些人并不一定都身材庞大，然而他们却喜欢占别人的空间。

完形填空：

话题：朋友

本文是记叙文。作者是一名残疾人，在全班同学的帮助下赢得了步行马拉松比赛。

41. C。根据下文中的Michael told Mrs Hunt that Iwanted to ... the Walkathon可知，作者“想（want）”参加今年的步行马拉松比赛。

42. D。根据上一句中的I helped hand out drinks to thewalkers可知，作者在去年的步行马拉松比赛时帮忙发饮料，因此老师和家长说如果没有作者的帮忙，他们可能“应付（managed）”不过来。

43. B。根据上一段中的At the Walkathon last year, Ihelped hand out drinks to the walkers可知，Michael问作者今年是不是还要“再（again）”发饮料。

44. A。根据下一句But I ... wish I could do lapswith you可知，作者“猜想（suppose）”还是会被安排发饮料的任务。

45. B。联系上下文内容可知，作者“真的（really）”很想和朋友一起参加比赛。

46. D。根据上文中的be in the School Walkathon可知，作者想“参加（join in）”步行马拉松比赛。

47. A。根据上文中的I use a wheelchair to get around可知，多坡的道路对于一名残疾人员来说很“困难（difficult）”。

48. C。根据下一句That afternoon, Mrs Hunt calleda class meeting可知，老师答应“考虑（think about）”Michael的提议。

49. B。根据下文班里同学的回应可知，Michael将自己的“想法（idea）”告诉了大家。

50. D。根据上一句We could all take turns可知，Olivia认为大家轮流推作者，这样每个人都不至于太“累（tired）”。

51. A。比赛一开始，作者尽可能“快地（fast）”转动轮椅的轮子。

52. C。根据该空前的When we came to the hilly bit可知，到了有坡的地方，Michael就“开始（started）”推作者。

53. C。根据上一句Olivia was waiting halfway up可知，Olivia说“轮到我了（My turn）”。

54. B。根据上文中的my friend Michael和a class meeting可知，作者的这些“朋友（friends）”在比赛中帮助他。

55. A。根据该空后的did a second lap — and another可知，作者“完成了（finished）”一圈又一圈。

56. D。根据后面开始颁奖可知，作者在“最后（end）”感到很疲倦。

57. C。根据上文中的the winner of the mystery prize.It goes to ... Peter可知，作者看着这些他“赢得（won）”的奖品。

58. B。能够在比赛中获奖，作者感到非常“开心（happy）”。

59. A。根据上文中的everyone said they would take aturn可知，整个“班（class）”的同学都帮助了作者。

60. A。根据下一句Let's keep all the things in ourclassroom. Then we can all have some fun可知，作者想和大家“分享（share）”奖品。

语法填空：

61. in。考查介词。be caught in突然遭遇（风暴）等。

62. it。考查it作形式主语的用法。设空处作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，故填it。

63. tocontinue。考查不定式作宾语补足语的用法。allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事。

64.driving。考查动词-ing形式作后置定语的用法。Anyone else与drive之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且所表示的动作与谓语表示的状态同时存在，故填driving。

65.absolutely。考查副词。设空处作状语修饰谓语，故填副词absolutely。

66. a。考查不定冠词。a series of 一系列。

67.that / which。考查关系词。设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词areas，且在从句中作主语，故填that / which。

68. hasbeen found。考查现在完成时的被动语态。evidence与find之间是被动关系，且由Recently可知，此处用现在完成时，故填has been found。

69.frightening。考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰sandstorms，意为“可怕的”，故填frightening。

70.pollution。考查名词。设空处作宾语，表示抽象概念“污染”，故填名词pollution。

[选做题参考答案及解析]

参考答案

I. 1-5CBDAB

II. 1-5BCACD 6-10 BABCA 。

11-15DCBDA 16-20 DBCAD。

解析

阅读理解：

话题：个人情况

本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了一名中学生面对压力时是如何调整自己的心态并找到平衡点的。

1. C。推理判断题。根据第一段中的study all night and don't getenough sleep和was having trouble dealing withthe increased expectations and pressures可推测，Carolyn上了一所新中学后，对自己施加的压力太大。

2. B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的This was a feeling she liked andshe could tell she would benefit from what the classes could offer可知，Carolyn上的第一节幸福课对她来说帮助很大，她也受益匪浅。

3. D。细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，Carolyn已经接受真实的自我，并且有了自己的决定，因此不想听他人的劝说去报考名牌大学。

4. A。推理判断题。根据第五段中的I wanted to remain true to thegoals和I feel good about myself forsticking to what I believe in可以看出，Carolyn为自己作出的选择感到自豪。

5. B。篇章结构题。This指代前一句中的discover what was meaningful toher，由此可知答案。

完形填空：

话题：自然

本文是议论文。文章主要讨论了其他星球上是否有生命存在这一问题。

1. B。根据上一句中的whether we are the only livingthings in the universe以及下文关于其他星球上是否有生命存在的正反两方的观点可知，有些科学家相信其他星球上有“生命（life）”存在。

2. C。根据该空后的other scientists don't think so可知，“然而（However）”其他科学家持不同观点。

3. A。4. C。一些科学家认为其他星球上没有生命存在是因为星球“需要（need）”适合生命“开始（start）”的特殊环境。

5. D。根据接下来两段具体介绍两种不同的观点可知，争论双方有各自的依据来“支持（support）”其观点。

6. B。根据下一句There are billions of stars andthousands of solar systems可知，宇宙“浩瀚无边（huge）”。

7. A。8. B。根据上文中的Many of these solar systems have planets和下文中的one of these planets could havethe right conditions needed for life可知，“因为（Because）”宇宙中有如此多的星球，因此“可能（likely）”有一颗星球上有适合生命存在的环境。

9. C。10. A。该段主要介绍赞成其他星球上有生命存在的观点，因此专家“相信（believe）”新发现的星球上有“适宜（right）”生命的大气层和温度。

11. D。上文中的thousands of solar systems和该空后的our solar system进行比较，表示“甚至（Even）”在我们自己的太阳系里。

12. C。根据下一句中的there is, or was, a form of verysimple life on these planets可知，科学家在火星上找到水的“证据（evidence）”。

13. B。上一句中的water on Mars“意味着（mean）”这些星球上有生命存在或存在过。

14. D。根据下一句中的need to have water, the righttemperature and the right mix of chemicals in the atmosphere可知，一颗星球需要特殊的“环境（conditions）”来适合生命存在。

15. A。根据后半句中的we have never found evidence可知，“科学家相信其他星球上可能有生命”表示让步，故填although。

16. D。我们还没有找到证据“证明（prove）”其他星球上确实有生命存在。

17. B。根据下一句中的They believe we don't haveenough evidence可知，这份报告“间接表明（suggests）”其他星球上不太可能有生命存在。

18. C。根据上一句中的it is very unlikely that thereis life on other planets可知，我们没有足够的证据来对其他星球上的生命存在之说“作出判断（decide）”。

19. A。根据最后一句Therefore, I do not think thatthere could be life on other planets可知，作者不“认同（agree）”其他星球上有生命这一说法。

20. D。作者认为其他星球不可能有着和地球上“完全（exactly）”一样的环境。

实际油耗比nedc高多少

是指车辆在nedc测试规程下所测得的综合工况燃油消耗量数据。

nedc即新欧洲驾驶循环，最近一次更新于1997年，评估轻型乘用车的发动机排放水平和燃油经济性。

MATLAB自动驾驶函数lanemarking怎么使用？

百分之30。

nedc综合油耗是New-European-Driving-Cycle，是欧洲对车辆能耗进行测试的一种方法，也是我国工信部综合工况法，对电动汽车续驶里程测试的参考依据。

nedc综合油耗的拓展信息如下：

如何测试：该测试并不是真的将车放在实际道路来测试，而是在封闭环境下将车辆固定在台架上，轮胎与台架下方的滚轮接触，模拟不同速度下的行驶阻力。

车辆的种类虽然多，构造却大同小异。这应该说是标准化的功劳，也是大型生产流水线的需要。随着社会的发展、科技的进步和需求的变化，铁路车辆的外形开始有了改变，尤其是客车车厢不再是清一色的老面孔。但是它们的基本构造并没有重大的改变，只是具体的零部件有了更科学先进的结构设计。

一般来说，车辆的基本构造由车体、车底架、走行部、车钩缓冲装置和制动装置五大部分组成。

车体是车辆上供装载货物或乘客的部分，又是安装与连接车辆其他组成部分的基础。早期车辆的车体多以木结构为主，辅以钢板、弓形杆等来加强。近代的车体以钢结构或轻金属结构为主。

获得美国驾驶执照的最低年龄限制是多少岁?

MATLAB自动驾驶函数lanemarking如何使用？

1、由于题主使用laneMarking函数与赋值变量roadCenters的关系不统一，而导致错误。

2、laneMarking函数使用个数应小于roadCenters变量数，即。

N(laneMarking)=N(roadCenters)-1。

3、另外，友情提议使用laneMarking函数的内容应基本对称，即。

lm = [laneMarking('Solid','Color','w'); laneMarking('Dashed','Color','r'); 。

laneMarking('Dashed','Color','r'); 。

laneMarking('Solid','Color','w')];。

4、完善代码后，运行可以得到“S”形车道。

drive的现在分词

United States

驾驶年龄各州不一样,通常是根据州或州的面积来决定.驾驶年龄从14岁3个月到18岁不等.。

Alabama: 14 years, 6 months (learner's permit), 16 years (License upon having learner's permit for 6 months) 。

Alaska: Small Motorcycle: 14 years; Automobile: 14 years (Learner's Permit), 16 years (Provisional license with restrictions), 6 months after receiving provisional license and completion of several requirements (Full license) 。

Arizona: 15 years 7 months (Learners permit upon completion of 30 question written test), 16 years provisional license, 18 years unrestricted license[19] 。

Arkansas: 14 years (learner's permit), 16 years (restricted license), 18 years (unrestricted license) 。

California: Automobile: 15 Years, 6 months (Learner's Permit upon completion of classroom and registration of behind the wheel classes of driver's education), 16 years restricted license. 。

Colorado: 15 years (with drivers ed), 16 years (without drivers ed) (learner's permit), 16 years (with drivers ed), 17 years (without drivers ed) (license) 。

Connecticut: 16 years, 6 months (16 years, 4 months with Driver's Education) 。

Delaware: 16 years (learner's permit), 16 years 6 months (restricted license) 。

District of Columbia: 16 years (learner's permit), 16 years, 6 months (provisional license), 17 years (full license) 。

Florida: 15 years (learner's permit), must have learner's permit for one year, 16 years (full license) 。

Georgia: 15 years (learner's permit), must have learner's permit for one year and one day before applying for License, must have taken a driver's education course, (16: Provisional Class D License, allowed to drive one passenger if taken driver's education, after 6 months can drive up to 3 persons, 18: Full Class C License) 。

Hawaii: 15.5 (learner's permit), 16 with parental consent [8] 。

Idaho : 14 years (in daylight) 。

Illinois : 15 years (Learner's Permit), after 3 months - 16 (License with restriction) 。

Indiana: [You can take Drivers Education at 14 years 7 months though not required] 15 years [Learner's Permit] , 16 years 1 month [ License Restrictions] 。

Iowa : GDL system (Approved Driver's Education Course required for all licenses/permits ages 14-18 with the exception of the learner's permit, parent consent required for all licenses/permits years 14-18): 14 years (learner's permit, may drive with family member 21 or over and anyone with a full license 25 and older, written or computerized test of road knowledge required), 14 years (moped license), 14.5 years (minor's school license; must live 1+ miles from school (although, it is up to the school's administrator whether or not to enforce the 1+ rule), may drive to any official school event or activity within the district of residence or a contiguous school district), 16 years (license with restriction: Can not drive between the hours of 12:30 am to 5 am, unless you apply for a waiver), 17 years (full license), 21 years (full license with a Blood Alcohol Content of .08) 。

Kansas: 14 years (learner's permit), 15 years (restricted license), 16 (full license) 。

Kentucky: 16 years (learner's permit), 17 years (full liscense) 。

Louisiana: 15 years (with parent), 16 years (full license with BAC of .02) *Under 17 years of age restricts driving from 11pm-5am central time 。

Maine: 15 years and a certificate of completion from a licensed driving school to obtain a learner's permit. 16 years or 6 months following the issue date of the permit to obtain a driver's license. 。

Maryland: 15 years, 9 months (learner's permit) 16 years, 3 months (provisional license) 17 years, 9 months (full license) 。

Massachusetts: 16 years (learner's permit after passing a written test on the rules of the road), 16 1/2 years (restricted junior operator license after driver's education (30 hours of classroom instruction and 12 hours of behind-the-wheel training with a certified driving instructor) as well as 40 hours of supervised driving with a parent, guardian, or designee), during the junior operator phase, driving between 12:30am and 5am is forbidden without a parent in the vehicle, as is driving with passengers under the age of 18 for the first six months that one has a junior operator license. 18 (unrestricted license). Several proposals have been made to raise the minimum age for a driver's license to 17 1/2 or 18, and/or extend the restricted junior operator's phase to age 21, but this has been repeatedly shot down by the Massachusetts Legislature. 。

Michigan: 14 years, 8 months (learner's permit), 16 years (graduated learner's permit), 17 years (full license). All drivers under 18 must enroll in an educational course to receive a license, or the passing of a written test if a license was obtained elsewhere. 。

Minnesota: 15 years (learner's permit, upon completing certified driver's education and behind the wheel courses, and passing a written test) drivers using a learners permit may only drive with a licensed adult age 21 or older, 16 years (license-must have had permit for one year) 。

Mississippi: 14 years (learner's permit), 15 years (intermediate license; some restrictions), 16 years (full license) 。

Missouri: 15 years (learner's permit), 16 years (intermediate license; some restrictions), 18 years (full license) 。

Montana: 14 years, 6 months (full license) 。

Nebraska: 14 years, 3 months (learner's permit), 60 days after issuance of learner's permit and 50 hours of documented driving - 14 years, 5 months (school permit), 16 years (provisional operators license), 17 (operator's license) 。

Nevada : 15 years, 6 months (learner's permit), 16 years old (license after 50 hours of behind the wheel experience and 10 hours night time driving while having learners permit) 。

New Hampshire : 15 years, 6 months with an adult 25 or Older. 16-17 Youth Operators License 。

New Jersey: 16 years (learner's permit), 17 years (provisional license), 18 years (full license) 。

New Mexico: 14 years, 6 months (instructional permit), 15 years, 6 months (provisional license), 16 years 6 months (full license) 。

New York: 16 years (learner permit), upon passage of road test with less then 6 months after lerner's permit and under age for unrestricted license(see below)(limited junior license - unsupervised driving only between limited destinations at any time), 6 or more months after learner's permit and passage of road test(junior license - driver must be accompanied by a parent during first 6 months between the hours of 9pm and 5am), 17 (with driver's education) or 18 (without driver's education) (unrestricted license). Additional restrictions apply to learners and license holders, under the age of 18 years, when driving in New York City and in the counties of Nassau and Suffolk. 。

North Carolina: You must be 14 years and 6 months of age to complete driver's education. At age 15, you are eligible to receive a learner's permit. After holding the permit for one year without infractions, you may get a provisional license at the minimum age of 16 years. After holding the provisional license for six months, you may get a full license, which could be at as early as 16 years and 6 months. However, you may obtain a motorcycle endorsement at 16, with parental consent, without having a driver's license. 。

North Dakota: 14 years (learner's permit, must hold permit for 6 months and complete a driver education course if under 16), 14 years and 6 months years license. 。

Ohio: 15 years, 6 months (learner's permit, must hold permit for 6 mos. and complete 50 hours (40 hours day/ 10 hours night) of road practice and a driver education course if under 18. Must pass road test administered by the Ohio Highway Patrol before license is issued) 16 years (probationary license, only one non-related passenger in the vehicle. If convicted of a moving violation, parent must be in vehicle when child is driving for 6 months following the conviction date of the violation or until driver turns 17. No driving between midnight and 6am unless for employment purposes), 17 years old (no driving between 1am and 5am unless for employment purposes), 18 (full license) 。

Oklahoma 14 years: small motorcycle (daytime only, under 250cc, max speed limit of 35 mph), 14 years, 6 months: learner's permit, 16 years: intermediate driver's license (5 AM to 11 PM), must have had intermediate license for 6 months for full license. 。

Oregon: 14 years, 6 months (learner's permit), 16 years (provisional license with restrictions), 18 years (full license) 。

Pennsylvania: 16 years (learner's permit), 16 years 6 months (junior license with restrictions only after having completed a minimum of 50 hours of behind the wheel driving), 17 1/2 (unrestricted license if you've held a junior license for 1 year, passed an approved driver's training course, have not been involved in a crash where you were either partially, or totally responsible, have not been convicted of any vehicle violation, and applicant has parental or guardian's approval), 18 years (unrestricted license) 。

Rhode Island: 16 years for a Learners Permit, must have adult with min 5 years experience in front passenger seat while driving. 16 1/2 Provisional Driver's License; must hold permit for six months and not have any moving or seat belt infractions, Can drive solo between 5am-1am, carry only one passenger under 21 (family members excluded). 17 1/2 Full Driver's License; Must hold PDL for 1 year (or turn 18 years old. which ever come first), have no moving or seatbelt infractions for six months. No Restrictions on driving privileges. [9] 。

South Carolina: Learner's Permit: 15 years, Conditional License: 15 years and 6 months, Restricted License: 16 years, Full License: 17 years. 。

South Dakota: Learner's Permit: 14 years, Restricted License: 14 years, 3 months (with drivers ed) or 14 years, 6 months (without drivers ed), Full License: 16 years. 。

Tennessee: Learner's Permit: 15 years, License: 16 years 。

Texas: 14 years, 7 months (learner's permit), 16 years (license, must have held learner's permit for 6 months if under 18). 。

Utah: 15 years (learner's permit upon passage of a fifty question test on traffic laws with 80% correct), 16 years (full license upon having had learner's permit for six months and 40 hours of driving practice in addition to 40 hours of state approved driver's education and the passage of a driving skills test). 。

Virginia: 15 years, 6 months (learner's permit), 16 years, 3 months (must have held permit for minimum 9 months, driven 40 hours, including 10 nighttime hours, with a parent or guardian, completed a state-sponsored drivers' education course in public schools or equivalent) 。

Vermont: 15 years (learner's permit), 16 years (Junior's Operators license), 18 years (full license) 。

Washington: 15 years (learner's permit providing proof of currently enrolled in a drivers ed course) 15 years, 6 months (learner's permit), 16 years (intermediate license upon completion of instructional driving course), 18 years (full license if no instructional driving course was taken) 。

West Virginia: 15 years (learner's permit), 16 years (full license) 。

Wisconsin: 15 years, 6 months (learner's permit), 16 years (license, must have held permit for 6 months if under 18, 10 days if over 18) 。

Wyoming: 14 years, 6 months (learner's permit), 16 years (full license。

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driver's_license。

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