psychologically-40

（（高分20＋追加30））求虚拟语气的全面解析及训练例题

Topic Left-behind Children in the Countryside在农村的留守儿童(无译文)。

Every year, millions of people from rural areas pour into cities to find jobs. And the henomenon of left-behind children is prevalent.。

Left-behind children are suffering a series of problems. They are not taken good care of by their parents because of the distance. Therefore, many of them are rather weak physically and psychologically. Besides, they are easily led astray due to the absence of parental love and guidance.。

In my opinion, measures should be taken to solve the problem. Firstly, both people in the cities and countryside should endeavor to offer love and concern to these children. The parents in particular should not make money at the sacrifice of ignorance of their children. Secondly, policies should be implemented so that children from countryside can also have access to educational opportunities, medical care and other services in the city. Finally, it is urgent to develop economy in the rural areas, so that people can get well-paid jobs near their homes.。

新闻用语的另外一种用法:

留守儿童: Stay-at-Home children。

Twelve-year-old Luo Xiaofeng refused to have dinner with his parents 。

on the 15th day of the first lunar month, the last day of the Chinese lunar new year. Instead, he sat on the doorstep sobbing. "They are leaving for Xiamen tomorrow, and I don't want to let them go," he cried.It was the first Spring Festival in three years in which his parents had managed to come back to their Hometown in the eastern part of Ningde, Fujian Province, to spend the holiday with him.。

Luo is not alone. Government statistics show that more than 20 million children in rural areas whose parents have left Home to search for work in the city.The problem has reached a national scale as more and more migrant workers from across China answer the call of employers in the country's booming cities.The splitting up of families poses a challenge to traditional household structures and approaches to child-rearing, said Xie Guangxiang, deputy secretary-general of Anhui Provincial Government.In a proposal to the ongoing ational Committee of the CPPCC, Xie urged the whole country to think seriously about the situation.Among the potential problems stay-at-Home children face are the absence of any sort of family education, degraded school records and other psychological problems.。

A survey of people in Jingmen, Hubei Province, showed that stay-at-Home local children suffer from poor living conditions, lagging educational attainment, insecurity and difficultly in communication.The survey, conducted by the All-China Women's Federation (ACWF) in May last year, involved 181 children, 95 boys and 86 girls. The results were published last week on the federation's website.Some 87.9 percent of the children surveyed said they were willing to stay with their parents. About 90 percent said they felt insecure when they were left 。

alone.

The five most pressing concerns for such children are tutoring, psychological help, security, financial support and communications. To deal with the issue, a dozen government-related bodies, including the Office of the Rural Workers United Conference under the State Council and ACWF, set up a working panel in October last year. The panel is to cooperate with other government bodies, including the Education, Public Security and finance ministries, to gradually put in place laws and regulations to safeguard the rights of stay-at-Home children.。

译文(China Daily)。

正月15那天，12岁的罗晓峰不愿意和父母一起吃饭。他坐在门前的台阶上一边哭泣，一边说：“他们明天就要去厦门了，我不想让他们走。”这是晓峰的父母三年来第一次回福建宁德的老家陪他过春节。

但罗晓峰不是一个例外。据政府统计数据显示，我国农村地区目前有2000多万留守儿童，这些孩子的父母都在外地打工。近年来，由于离开家乡去往发展迅速的城市打工的农民工越来越多，这已成为一个全国性的问题。安徽省政府副秘书长谢广祥说，留守家庭问题向传统的家庭结构和子女教育的方法提出了挑战。谢广祥在向全国政协全体会议提交的议案中呼吁，全社会应认真考虑这一问题。家庭教育的缺失、学习成绩的退步和其他心理问题都是留守儿童所面临的一些潜在问题。

湖北省荆门市开展的一项调查显示，当地留守儿童生活条件艰苦、缺乏应有的教育、没有安全感，而且沟通上也存在困难。这项由全国妇联去年5月开展的调查共对181名儿童进行了访问，其中包括95个男孩、86个女孩。这项调查的结果于上周在妇联的网站上公布。约87.9%的受访儿童说，他们想和父母生活在一起。约90%的孩子说，父母不在身边，他们没有安全感。

目前，留守儿童所面临的五大突出问题包括家庭教育问题、心理问题、安全问题、财政支持以及沟通问题。为了解决留守儿童的问题，国务院下属的农民工工作联席会议办公室以及全国妇联等12个政府部门已于去年10月成立了农村留守儿童专题工作组。这个工作组将与教育部、公安部和财政部等政府部门合作，逐步建立和完善保护留守儿童合法权益的法律法规体系和政策措施。

Vocabulary: 。

stay-at-Home children : 留守儿童。

【200分汉译英】男人洗衣服的9大好处

虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测， 建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。

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If I were you, I'd take them away. 。

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如果我是你的话，我就会带走他们。

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If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him. 。

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如果我碰见了李华，我就告诉了他了。

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If I had time. I could come to help you. 。

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如果我有时间，我会来帮助你的。

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He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups. 。

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他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。

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He speaks to us as if he had been there. 。

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他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。

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虚拟语气的用法

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1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。

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May you be happy. 。

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祝你幸福。

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May you have a good time. 。

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祝愿你玩的痛快。

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May the friendship between us last long. 。

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祝愿我们的友情天长地久。

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Have a good journey! 。

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祝愿你旅途愉快！

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You go out！

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你出去！

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2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。动词 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气， 宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望，要求。

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I wish she would be on my side. 。

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我希望她能站在我一边。

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I wish I could help him. 。

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我希望我能帮助他。

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He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 。

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他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。

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动词 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中，"should" 可以省略。

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The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 。

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老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。

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He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 。

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他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。

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3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。

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在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... " 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形 。

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It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 。

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我们有必要出去散散步。

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It's natural that she should do so. 。

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她这样做是很自然的。

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It's important that we should take good care of the patient. 。

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重要的是我们要照顾好病人。

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4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中。

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虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的主句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在，过去和将来。

与现在事实相反的：

条件从句 结果从句 。

If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 动词原形。 He (you,they) would + 动词原形。

与过去事实相反的：

条件从句 结果从句 。

If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词 I(we)should + have+ 过去分词。He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词。

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If I were you, I should buy it. 。

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如果我是你，我就买了它。

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If I had time, I would study French. 。

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如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。

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If she knew English,she would not ask me for help. 。

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如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。

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If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 。

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如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。

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If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping. 。

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如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。

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有关虚拟语气的几个问题：

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1) 有时if引导的状语从句可以省略 if，而把从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面。

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Were she younger, she would do it . 。

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如果她年青点， 她就会干的。

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Had he known her address, he would had gone to visite her. 。

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如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。

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2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。

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I could help you. 。

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我本来可以帮助你。

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If I had time. 。

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我要有时间该多好啊。

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She should have come to the party. 。

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她应该来参加聚会。

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If he had much more money. 。

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如果他有更多的钱就能...。

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3) 虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。

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If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 。

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如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。

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If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this. 。

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如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。

1``At last the meeting suggested all the sidespresent___to develop the area together. 。

A.allowed B.should allow C.were allowed D.be allowed```````D 。

suggest表建议时其后的宾丛要用虚拟语气！！！！即 。

should+动原

2``--It`s many years since Isaw youlast time.I___you at all. 。

--I wouldn`thave,either,if someone___you bythe name. 。

A.didn`t recognize;hadn`tcalled 。

B.didn`t recognize;didn`tcall 。

C.haven`t recognized;didn`tcall 。

D.recognized;had called 。

A对！（我很累！！）此句考察喊条件句的虚拟语气，由主句可制从句中谓语要用hadn`t called! 。

由语意：如果没人叫你的名子，我也不会认出你来！与过去事实相反。所以用A 。

虚拟语气强化训练

1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we __________all right. 。

A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be 。

2. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk. 。

A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been 。

C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 。

3. If he _________ me tomorrow, I would let him know. 。

A. should call B. should not have been able 。

C. were not able D. are not able 。

4. If you asked your father, you ______________ permission. 。

A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get 。

5. _____________today, he would get there by 小狗. 。

A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving 。

C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves 。

6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party. 。

A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were 。

7. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ____________our chairman now. 。

A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be 。

8. ____________ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday 。

A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 。

9. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____________your advice 。

A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed 。

10. If the horse won today, it _____________ thirty races in five years. 。

A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won 。

11. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise. 。

A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been 。

12. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d______________ there by now. 。

A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be circling 。

13. I wish I ___________ with her. 。

A. would be B. am C. was D. were 。

14. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_______________ to it. 。

A. had not gone B. have not gone C. did not go D. can not have gone 。

15. George would certainly have attended the meeting, ____________________ . 。

A. if he didn’t get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn’t happened 。

C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself 。

16. The teacher suggested that her students _____________ experiences with ESP. 。

A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the 。

C. wrote some compositions of his or her D. had written any compositions for his 。

17. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______________a Chinese. 。

A. were B. had been C. is D. has been 。

18. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______________ away for ages. 。

A. has been B. was C. is D. had been 。

19. Most insurance agents would rather you ___________ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation. 。

A. do B. don’t C. didn’t D. didn’t do 。

20. It is important that the TOEFL office ________ your registration. 。

A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm 。

21. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology __________. 。

A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved 。

C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved 。

22. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ____________a Chinese. 。

A. were B. had been C. is D. has been 。

23. It is time that the government ______________measures to protect the rare birds and animals. 。

A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking 。

24. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant ________ all diplomas from elementary school to university. 。

A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have 。

25. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _____ to the meeting. 。

A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come 。

26. If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now. 。

A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told 。

27. I had hoped that John _______ a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months. 。

A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend 。

28. It’s high time they____________ this road. 。

A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mend 。

29. It’s about time people______ notice of what women did during the war. 。

A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take 。

30. He’s working hard for fear that he_____________ . 。

A. should fall behind B. fell behind 。

C. may fall behind D. would fall behind 。

31. In the past men generally preferred that their wives_______________ in the home. 。

A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working 。

32. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _____ psychologically ready for the new idea. 。

A. is B. were C. be D. would be 。

33. Your advice that_____________ till next week is reasonable. 。

A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited 。

34. It was essential that we lease before the end of the month. 。

A. sing B. singed C. had signed D. were signing 。

35. I advised that the sick child ________ a hospital as soon as possible. 。

A. should send to B. should be sent 。

C. be went to D. must be sent to 。

36. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay ________ be 20 percent. 。

A. be raised B. would be raised C. raised D. raise 。

37. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ________ the rules. 。

A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey 。

38. My suggestion is that she ________ more exercise, which will do a lot of 。

good to her.

A. takes B. must take C. take D. took 。

39. If only I ________ driving before. 。

A. learn B. learned C. had learned D. would learn 。

40. ________ she ________ yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today. 。

A. If, didn’t leave B. Had not, left C. Hadn’t, left D. Didn’t, leave 。

答案

1 ~ 20: ABABC DDBCA BADAC AADDB 。

21 ~ 40: CDBCC ACBBA CCBAC ABCCC。

一、从结构上区别

现在完成时：主语 + have / has + 过去分词 （肯定式）

主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词 （否定式）

Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 （疑问式）

过去完成时：主语 + had + 过去分词 （肯定式）

主语 +had + not + 过去分词 （否定式）

Had + 主语 + 过去分词 （疑问式）

(二)从时间状语区别

现在完成时: 常用的时间状语包括 “now, today, tonight, this week, this year, already, yet, just, recently…etc”。

过去完成时: 常用的时间状语包括 “by, at, before等构成的短语”。

注意：当表示一段时间，现在完成时和过去完成时都可以用for 或since引导的状语。

例如：Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃午饭了吗？

Yes, I have . I’ve just had it. 是的，我刚吃完。

I have had a clock now. 我现在有一个闹钟了。

Have you already posted the photos? 你把照片寄走了吗？

The meeting had begun when we got there. 我们到那儿时，会议已经开始了。

We had learned about 5000English words by the end of last term. 。

到上学期末我们已经学了5000个英语单词。

They had done the work at five o’clock. 在五点钟的时候他们已经完成了那项工作。

I’ve known Li Lei for three years. 我认识李蕾已经三年了。

I have worked here since ten years ago. 自从十年前我就在这工作。

We had not heard from him since we left here. 自从我们离开以来一直没有收到他的来信。

They had then been without sleep for twenty-four hours.这时他们已经有24个小时没有合眼了。

(三)使用时注意事项

使用现在完成时应该注意：

1.“ have/ has got ”形式上是一种完成时，但和have/ has 为同一意义，即 “有”。

例如：Have you got a pen-friend? 你有笔友吗？

Yes, I have. 是的，我有。

Has he got a lot of work to do? 他有许多工作要做吗？

No, he hasn’t. 不，他没有。

2. have/ has gone to 与 have/has been to 的区别 。

have/ has gone to 强调“去而未归”； have/ has been to 强调“去而归还”。 have/ has 。

been to常和once, twice, never, ever连用； have/ has gone to则不可。例如：

— Have Jack ever been to Beijing? 杰克去过北京吗？

— Yes, he’s been there several times. 是的，他去过好几次了。

— Where have Mary and Tom gone? 玛丽和汤姆去哪里了？

— They’ve gone to London. 他们去伦敦了。

3.非延续性动词不能用于“现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。

这类动词有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。但它们能够 。

用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。例如：

arrive, come → be here, be in 。

begin, start → be on 。

buy → have

die → be dead

fall asleep(ill) → be asleep (ill) 。

finish, end → be over 。

get to know → know 。

get up → be up 。

go out → be out 。

join → be in , be a + 名词 。

leave, move → be away, be out of 。

使用过去完成时应该注意：

如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时。例如：

When she came into the room, she found them sitting together singing. 。

她进屋时看见他们坐在一起唱歌。

After we said good-bye to our friends, we left the village. 。

在和朋友告别之后我们就离开村子。

不才试一试，挺有趣的

男人洗衣服的9大好处

Nine Benefits for Men to do Laundry。

(Nine Reasons Why Men Should do Laundry 更好点吧)。

1.有利于增进夫妻感情，创建和谐家庭。

据有关部门调查，以男人爱洗衣服为由提出离婚的女人不足十万分之一。

1. Improves relationship between the couple, thus creating a harmonius family. According to statistical analysis: The probability of a woman divorcing her husband because he likes to do laundry is less than 1/100000.。

2.有利于男人的心理健康。

由于洗衣服经常无端地遭到家人表扬，男人的心情异常舒畅，心理健康指数经常居高不下。

2. Good for the mental health of men。

Being frequently praised by his wife for doing her laundry will make a man unbelievably happy and will give him a strange sense of confidence and satisfaction (sometimes even better than sexually-oriented ones), thus raising his Mental Health Index (MHI)。

3.有利于提高男人的文化品位。

洗衣服时聆听水声潺潺，触景生情，再联想到高山流水的意境，男人经常诗兴大发，久而久之，文化品位会直线上升。

3. Improves men's class and taste。

The sound of flowing water often reminds men of the beauty of nature and creates a poetic atmosphere. Laundry eventually will make a gentleman out of a common man.。

4.有利于男人身体健康。

由于洗衣时经常采用搓、揉、拧、拉、弹、拽、扯、抖、晃等动作，如果运用得法，一气呵成，可收到与打太极拳相仿的强身健体功效。另外，根据巴甫洛夫的条件反射理论，经常在哗哗水声中工作，有利于体内水道畅通，部分医学专家已经初步证实，爱洗衣服的男人患前列腺疾病的少之又少。

4. Good for the physical well-being of man。

While doing laundry (especially manually), a man's muscles will be heavily exercised by various streneous manouvres such as twisting, pulling, lifting, rubbing, etc. If done correctly, it could be as healthy, if not better, than Taichi (which might have been created based on body movements of ancient clothe-washers). According to Pavlov's theory of Conditional Reflex, working with water helps maintaining men's fluid balance. Certain medical studies have shown that men who does laundry often are less prone to prostate diseases.。

5.有利于培养男人办事的条理性。

据调查，经常洗衣服的男人与不经常洗衣服的男人相比，办事更具有条理性，显而易见，这与他们平时在洗衣服的过程中知道袜子与口罩不能同洗的工作经验有很大关系。

5. Laundry makes a man more rational, organized and responsible。

According to studies, men who does laundry often is much more organized and efficient comparing to those who leaves dirty laundry to their wives. It's quite obvious that this vital skill was gained while doing laundry (most men don't know that you shouldn't wash your socks and cloth respirator together prior to doing laundry).。

6.有利于男人积攒小金库。

洗衣服前，清理家人的衣兜时常会有意外收获，十块二十块的大钱也是常有的事，如果昧着良心据为己有，积少成多，天长日久，男人的私房钱会源源不断，用之不竭。

6. Money money money。

It's not uncommon to discover spare change while clearing out clothe pockets before laundry. If a man decides to selfishly keep all of it, eventually, dimes and nickels will accumulate into a considerable sum. This is perhaps the most important source of income for men with "persuasive" wives.。

7.有利于减少日常开支，创建节约型家庭。

由于男人身体强健，洗衣机基本处于半闲置状态，天长日久，电费支出会大幅减少；另外，由于女人不洗衣服，手部护理费（如护手霜、嫩肤霜、去死皮素、指甲油等）也会大幅降低。

7. Cuts cost, and environmentally friendly。

Well, if the men are doing all the laundry, your washing machine won't be using any power (or, even better, you won't have to spend money on one!), thus saving considerable amount of money on the family's electricity bill. Besides, when the wife doesn't have to do the laundry and let her hands be damaged by those unhealthy chemicals, it's likely that she'll spend less on manicures and skincare... now that's a lot of money.。

8.有利于男人拓展第二职业。

在长期的洗衣实践中，男人会对洗衣机的构造、工作原理、故障修复有一个比较全面的了解，一旦遇到经济危机，经常洗衣服的男人会沉着冷静地对家人说：没关系，咱开个洗衣机修理店赚点钱吧！

8. Learning an important life skill。

Doing laundry frequently teaches a man how to wash clothes (duh!), and smarter men might even learn how to repair (if not build) washing machines. In case of another great recession, men who does laundry often could open his very own laundromat (or become a handyman or professional washing machine fixers) to earn a living.。

9.有利于培养男人吃苦耐劳乐观向上的工作态度。

名人说态度决定一切，男人要想在工作中取得成绩，吃苦耐劳乐观向上的工作态度是必不可少的。人的生命是有限的，可是为家人洗衣服的工作是无限的，只要肯洗，脏衣服总还是有的，在这样的工作氛围中，当男人满脑瓜子热汗，经过一番卓绝的苦战，看着万国旗似的衣服挂满晾衣杆的时候，男人已不知不觉地体会到了吃苦耐劳带来的工作乐趣。

9. Makes a man hardworking, conscientious and cultivates a positive working attitude.。

Attitude decides everything, if a man wants to achieve something in life, a positive attitude towards life is an absolute necessity. A man's life might have a limit, but the amount of dirty laundry his family (especially female members) can produce is virtually limitless. There's always dirty clothes so long as one wants to wash them. Under this kind of daunting working atmosphere, only the toughest and most hardworking man could survive. So when your husband is done with this week's laundry and he's passed out in the sink, you know that he is one step closer to greatness.。

原文地址：http://www.qianchusai.com/psychologically-40.html