不仅你我想不明白,只能白白流口水艳羡,就连偷了爱因斯坦脑袋的家伙——美国病理学家托马斯 都不明白...... 五十年前的那个多雾的凌晨,“ 相对论之父 ”爱因斯坦在普林斯顿大学医院逝世。哀痛的人们却发现爱因斯坦的大脑被人取出,下落不明。爱因斯坦大脑的下落,以及这颗堪称历史上最聪明的大脑到底有何过人之处,成为20 世纪最传奇的谜团之一。 直到最近,前普林斯顿大学病理科主任托马斯.哈维首次接受美国《国家地理频道》专访,彻底曝光整个事件的绝对内幕。他不仅偷走了爱因斯坦的大脑,最令人震惊的是,为了方便研究,他竟将爱因斯坦大脑切成了 240 块!是什么“动机”让堂堂教授如此疯狂?如今 91 岁高龄的哈维对着话筒狂喊:“我太想知道爱因斯坦大脑的秘密了” 其实我不能理解为什么一个“小偷”还能愤怒的狂喊,后来想想,明白了——哈维“机关算尽”,也没弄明白爱因斯坦为什么那么离谱的聪明。哈维经过详细检查发现,爱因斯坦的大脑,从表面皮层的面积、结构和脑的重量来看,和普通人没什么两样。他的脑重也只有 1230 克,略低于男人的平均值,并不出众。 我觉得研究爱因斯坦IQ只从研究那个“死大脑”的结构是远远不够的,最好能从脑细胞及神经元入手。人一生下来,脑内就有140亿个细胞,长成人也只运用了 5-8%的脑细胞。聪明的关键,是多摇醒几个沉睡中的脑细胞,领导它们一个个发挥最大的功能。所以脑细胞的生长和工作环境,对人IQ的影响真是关键因素。 “怎样吃决定你是怎样的人——科学家发现:饮食和IQ间的关联”——BBC新闻,美国神经学家威廉.布鲁克(Neuroscientist William Brooks, of the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque, USA)的研究结果,解密饮食和IQ的关系......咦?!饮食?等等,等等,虽然爱因斯坦大脑样子和普通人一样,但他的饮食可是和同时代的人大不一样——爱因斯坦是吃素的! 爱因斯坦边吃边说:“吃素可以让智慧不被蒙蔽”,“素食者所生成性情上的改变和净化,对人类都有相当好的利益,所以素食对人类很吉祥。”“我们的任务是一定要解放我们自己,这需要扩大我们同情的圈子,包容所有的生灵,拥抱美妙的大自然。没有什么能够比素食更加有益于人类的健康,并增加在地球上生存的机会了。”“如果全世界都采行素食,就可以改变人类的命运。” 爱因斯坦的话真是精辟,伟人之所以成为伟人,就在于他走了一条正确的路。而且是在绝大多数人还迷迷糊糊的时候,他已经成功的走在了正确的路上。素食增进IQ,是有严谨的科学依据和可观的数据支持的: 脑脊液内碱性越高,相应的IQ越高(1)。动物蛋白的摄入增加人体体液——当然包括脑脊液——的酸性,而植物蛋白恰相反,它是碱性食物保护体液的酸碱平衡(2)。很多神经学及生理学实验不仅证实了植物性饮食对大脑组织极其有益,还解释了其中的作用机制(3)。 不过以上都是近1,20年的科学研究,爱因斯坦是怎么发现“素食增进IQ”的呢?嘿嘿,我想他一定是向我们中国人两千年前的老祖宗学的——大戴礼记:“食肉,勇敢而焊;食素,智慧而巧。”
冷静,别幻想这道问题的答案是没有提高,雅思难度就是在实打实地提高,且听以下听阅写口四门析解析,一大波干货来袭。
一.听力
考完听力,凉凉。怎么语速这么快?是平时的1.5倍速吧?而且根本看不过来选项?这是烤鸭们频频发出的心声。
近来考下来,确实表格题明显减少,而选择题增多。让我们来直观地对比下表格题和选择题的读题量。
不够的话,我们再来对比下地图题考题的变化。
东南西北,昏头转向,错过一个店错过一个村庄错过听力2分。一段音频戛然而止,“我在哪?刚才发生了什么?”
作为最通行全球的语言,听力要求的增加其实也是进一步检测大家出国学习听课的能力。出国留学,听懂是理解学习的第一步,各位国内的烤鸭们千万不要太忽视听力。队长觉得精听对听力能力的提升真的很有帮助!
建议根据自己的能力选择原版音频时长,刚开始建议不要太长哦。可以正常速度完整放一遍,记笔记。注意不要中间暂停,锻炼自己抓大意和关键信息以及做笔记的能力。再听几遍根据自己对于音频的理解和自己的笔记尝试再现原文。对照音频文本改错,并且对照音频文本再听并跟读。
这个过程是综合提升技能,不必追求跟原文完全一致,而是要尽量使用语法正确的句子表达出音频的重要信息。
二.阅读
从#雅思阅读#上热搜的频率,想必不难得出雅思难度提高的结论。Mammoth猛犸象理解成Mummy木乃伊,真不该是哭还是笑。
当然除了出现诸多专有名词的混淆,2019年学生们害怕的心理类和社会类文章频率持续增加,以1月份为例,从1月5日的企业的社会责任到1月17日的儿童认知研究,从1月19日的四种员工的驱动力到1月26日的弹性工作制,不禁联想到剑5的那篇NatureorNurture(C5T1P2),错误率奇高,冷汗涔涔。
噫吁嚱,“我太南了”!但对于阅读,烤鸭们要知道雅思考试考察的真的不是专有名词,而是题目与原文之间的同义替换paraphrase。
建议大家可以去精读剑桥上面相关文章,再次巩固阅读做题技巧,比如ANeuroscientistRevealsHowtoThinkDifferently(C9T2P3)以及ThePsychologyofInnovation(C10T1P3)。
除了同义替换能力的要求提高,我们也更要注重应试策略,比如做题顺序,今年好几次考试同学们都抱怨最难的一篇在第二篇阅读,或者配对题太多,导致做题时间来不及。这要引起重视,时间的分配,以及必拿分的填空题和判断题千万不要因为纠结很多配对题而失分哦。
三.写作
俗话说得好,当你以为阅读听力容易的时候,别担心,写作会告诉你,你想多了。写作,一直是雅思最难的科目。
先来个直观的剑桥小作文题目一览吧~ 。
感受到剑桥系列动态递增式的恶意了吗?那实考的小作文统计如下,地图题成为黑马,刚刚暑期过去的8月24日地图题也是历历在目,对两种时态的考察,布局方位的考察,变迁的动词表达,种种迹象都在考验着烤鸭们灵活的写作能力。
当我用真心待雅思,你却用地图题敷衍我。
大作文的话题题材也越来越多样,除常规的科技、教育、健康、环保等问题,犯罪、文化、时尚、体育、动物等等层不不穷。其实不少话题中文都没想过,比如名人资助国际救援组织,internationalAidOrganizations理解成AIDS艾滋我也很无奈呀;再比如妇女休产假的利弊,我,我还是个宝宝。
雅思写作难,可谓难于上青天。可写作千万不是盲目练习很多篇,拿5.5的分数,考场上再稳定地发挥出5.5的水平。队长坚信GOODWRITINGISREWRITING,很推荐重写,限时写作,先自己修改一遍,再对照范文修改,再重写。
一定要注意评分标准的细则,多积累范文连贯和衔接的体现,积累词汇变换准确表达和语法的多样性,走出5.5分魔圈,指日可待。
四.口语
去年8月底雅思考试,朋友圈尽是,口语换题?换题换得如此猝不及防?我太难了。
每一年口语考试会有三次题库更换,分别在1月、5月、9月,一般新题比率在40%前后,所以很多考生在报名考试的时候会避开这三个月份的第一和第二次考期,降低自己在考场上遇到惊喜的概率。以今年8月31日为例,此次口语考试时间其实是在8月26日至9月6日,即使是在此次考试前半段的时间里也极有可能会遇到部分新题的。
所谓的口语送命题也是越来越多,层出不穷,比如describeacomicactor/actress描述一位喜剧演员,describeagoodlawinyourcountry描述一则我们国家好的法律,describeahistoricalperiod描述一个历史时期。
看完题库,直喊连中文说都难呐。雅思考官,有首歌送给您,简单点,说话的方式,请简单点。
难归难,其实口语话题都取材于生活,是我们生活工作学习中某个场景的话匣子。说话最为非常重要的沟流方式,烤鸭宝宝们在口语备考上一定要注意“并题”的重要性,并且认认真真充分准备好母题,以期套用更多的子话题,在考试时千万不要忘记你在交流。
与写作一样,口语的评分标准就是学习宝典,要对照各个分数段要求,定位自己口语的优缺点,发现突破口并加以不断地练习。建议学会从不同角度拓展细节扩展语料,平时多刻意开口说英语口语,走在路上多想想用英语怎么描述身边的人事物。同时要多听多跟读并且模仿nativespeakers的音频,大声大声大声读,也可以考虑录下来反复纠正和训练。队长建议,将自己口语录音作为闹铃,叫醒你的可能真的是梦想。
综上所述,雅思太难,我太难,南上加南。
但是,重点是,亲眼见证着那么多孩子们踏实努力,成功屠鸭,去往梦校。希望大家明白花时间看完这篇所谓的难度分析也许是浪费时间的,不要太纠结于难度提升和规律预测,纠结的应该是正确的学习方法和坚持不懈的学习态度。
随着英国对留学生政策的进一步开放和优惠比如前段时间出台的留英工作签证PostStudyWork(PSW),雅思热潮一定会席卷越来越多怀揣留学梦的学霸们。
希望各位烤鸭们尽早准备,夯实基础,多读多听多写多说,逐一攻破。相信屠鸭之旅,一苇以航,工不枉人,地不亏人。
Autobiography of Nobel Prize Winner: Alan J.Heeger。
(诺贝尔大师自传:艾伦·黑格)
I was born on a bitter cold morning in Sioux City (Iowa) on January 22, 1936. My early years were spent in Akron (Iowa), a small midwestern town of 1000 people, approximately 35 miles from Sioux City. I went to elementary school in Akron. My father died when I was nine years old.。
After my father’s death, we moved to Omaha, so my mother could be closer to her family. She raised us as a single parent in a house that we shared with her sister and her sister’s children.。
One of my earliest memories is of my mother telling me of the importance of getting a university education. When she graduated from high school, she received a scholarship to go on to university but went to work instead; she was needed by her parents to help support the family. It was always clear to me that it was my responsibility to go to university; prior to1 my generation no one on either side of my family had an education that went beyond high school. I and my brother were the first in our family to receive the PhD degree.。
My high school years were fun and frustrating, typical of the teen years. The most important accomplishment was meeting my wife, Ruth. I have loved her for nearly fifty years, and she remains my best friend.。
My undergraduate years at the University of Nebraska were a special time in my life. I went to the University with the goal of becoming an engineer; I had no concept that one could pursue science as a career. After one semester, I was convinced that engineering was not for me, and I completed my undergraduate studies with a dual major in Physics and Mathematics. The highlight was a course in Modern Physics taught by Theodore Jorgensen. Professor Jorgensen introduced me to quantum2 physics and twentieth century science.。
When I started at Berkeley, my goal was to do a theoretical thesis under Charles Kittel. Thus, when the decision was made to go for my degree on a full-time basis, I went first to Kittel and asked if I could work for him. He recommended instead that I consider working with someone who does experimental work in close interaction with theory. This was perhaps the best advice that anyone ever gave me-and I followed his advice. I joined the research group of Alan Portis.。
I remember with clarity my first day in the laboratory. I was doing “original research”; at last I was involved with real physics. After only one day of carrying out magnetic measurements on an insulating3 antiferromagnet4, KMnF3, I wrote a theory of antiferroelectric antiferromagnets and presented it to Portis with great pride. He was patient with me then and again a few days later when I apologized and told him my theory was nonsense. Through my interactions with Portis, I learned how to think about physics; more important, I began to learn about good taste in the choice of problems.。
In 1975, the first papers on the novel metallic polymer, poly (sulfur-nitride), (SN)x appeared in the literature. I was intrigued5 by this unusual quasi-1d metal and wanted to get into the game. I learned that Alan MacDiarmid, a professor in the Chemistry Department at PENN, had a background in sulfur-nitride chemistry, and I made an appointment to see him with the goal of convincing him to collaborate with me and to synthesize6 (SN) x.。
He agreed and a true collaboration began. We realized that it was a long reach across the Chemistry-Physics boundary, and we were determined to learn from one another. Although we collaborated during the week, we typically met on Saturday mornings with no agenda; just to try to learn from one another. At that time, I was fascinated with the metal-insulator transition as envisioned7 by Mott. The initial discovery of the remarkable increase in electrical conductivity of (CH)x and the identification of that increase as resulting from a transition from insulator (semiconductor) to metal followed in a very short time.。
I have enjoyed the life of a scientist while sharing both the exciting days and the disappointments with Ruth. She has filled my life with love and surrounded me with beauty. She has also gallantly8 put up with my eccentricities9 for more than forty years. We have succeeded in starting an academic dynasty; our two sons, Peter and David are both academics. Peter is a professor and medical doctor who is doing research on immunology10 at Case Western Reserve University. David is a professor and neuroscientist11 at Stanford University where he studies human vision. Of all the congratulations that I have received as a result of the Nobel Prize, I took greatest pleasure from the pride of my grandchildren in their grandfather.。
注释:
1. prior to 在……以前,先于。
2. quantum [5kwCntEm] n. [物]量子。
3. insulate [5insjuleit] v. 使绝缘。
4. antiferromagnet [7Anti7ferEu5mA^nit] n. [物]反铁磁质,反铁磁体。
5. intrigue [in5tri:^] vt. 激起……的好奇心(或兴趣), 迷住。
6. synthesize [5sinWisaiz] vt. [化] 使合成。
7. envision [in5viVEn] vt. 想像,展望。
8. gallantly [5^AlEntli] ad. 骑士风度地,豪侠地。
9. eccentricity [eksen5trisiti] n. 古怪,怪僻。
10. immunology [7imju5nClEdVi] n. [生] 免疫学。
11. neuroscientist [7njuErEu5saiEntist] n. 神经系统科学家。
GMAT逻辑到底怎么学? KMF考满分很高兴能为您解答。
我们在整个逻辑备考中需要训练和提升三方面能力:语言基础、思维逻辑、方法策略。而任何的能力养成,都需要“学”和“习”分阶段的合理结合。逻辑单科,以最常见的两个月备考周期为例:
GMAT逻辑到底怎么学,设定GMAT系统学习阶段。
2-3周。
此阶段以知识点和方法论的系统学习为主,包含逻辑的基本概念、思维方法、题型方法、精练方法,并配以一定量的练习对方法进行理解和掌握。
此时的练习题目,难度不宜过大,更多的是追求解题步骤的正确性,可以OG20为主要练习材料,尤其是前半部分的题目,每天6-7题,且要进行题目精析。
GMAT逻辑到底怎么学,设定MAT能力提升阶段。
3-4周。
此阶段的目标是,通过更多高质量的题目练习,将学习到的解题思路进行固化,同时不断提升题目难度,掌握更多元、更复杂的出题方式,熟悉常见题目陷阱。
此时更适合进行OG20中较难题目和Prep题目的训练,题目数量提升到10题以上,并且依然要坚持进行题目精析,同时多复习、多总结。
GMAT考满分题目练习
GMAT逻辑到底怎么学,设定GMAT综合训练阶段。
1-2周。
最后的模考冲分阶段。找手感、练速度、抗压力是主要任务。题目数量回归到正常考试的每天/次8-9题,且务必要进行「计时」模考训练,可以单科模考,也可以多科综合模考。在保证Prep题目吃透的基础上,学有余力可以做下GWD。同时要多看错题、复习掌握的不好的知识点。
GMAT逻辑到底怎么学?希望KMF考满分这个回答能帮助您和其他备考GMAT逻辑的小伙伴们。