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钟意阿满
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在正型标本中，其前肢和部分后肢缺失。前肢和肩带部分的记述主要根据保存几乎完整的标本HYMV1-2。标本 HYMV1-1 和 HYMV1-2 中的叉骨大小和形状一样。在正型标本（HYMV1-1；表1）中，除了后部尾椎缺失外，脊柱系列基本完整。
颈椎部分（Cervical vertebrae）颈椎13个（包括环椎和枢椎），呈弯曲状态保存。由于椎体暴露的情况不好（除了第三、第四和第五椎体部分或全部暴露外），每一枚椎体的长度难以测量。颈椎系列总长度大约为520 mm。除了环椎和枢椎的前部缺失外，其它均保存。枢椎的后部与第三颈椎相愈合，其后端宽度为15 mm。
第三颈椎（Third cervical vertebra）第三颈椎缺失其后端和神经弓部分，只有其腹面和侧面暴露，其前端宽15 mm，腹面光滑无嵴，最窄处宽为9 mm。侧面中部具有一椎体侧孔，椎体保存长度为23 mm。
第四颈椎（Fourth cervical vertebra）第四颈椎体基本完整，腹面同前一椎体一样光滑无嵴，椎体长为30 mm，前端（20 mm）比后端（10 mm）宽，神经嵴不明显。左侧的侧孔（直径为6 mm）大于右侧的。从腹面上看，椎体好像为异凹型，但是由于保存较差难以进一步确认。
第五颈椎和第六颈椎（Fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae）第五颈椎暴露其腹面部分，第五和第六颈椎均具有非常发育的腹中嵴，第六颈椎大约长45 mm，左侧有一小的椎体侧孔而右侧没有。
第七至第十三颈椎椎体（Seventh to thirteenth cervical vertebrae）这些椎体只暴露其左侧表面部分，颈肋与椎体相愈合。在椎体后突的背表面上，有一低、短而明显的上突，靠近椎体后突关节面的前方。神经棘低而小，其前后长度等于其高度。在标本 HYMV 1-6中，显示最后颈椎（第十三颈椎）的椎体后关节面凸出。
除了椎体侧孔外，在椎弓和颈肋上也有气孔（图版II，图2）。在第九颈椎的椎体前突的基部该孔直径为6 mm，该孔保存的边缘圆、光滑而完整，显示了它既不是由于修理也不是由保存所致，应为一原始的状态。气孔也同样出现在Conchoraptor gracilis 和 Ingenia yanshini（GIN 100/30-02）的颈椎体相同位置上，但是在“Oviraptor”mongoliensis 中神经弓上没有这样的气孔。
颈肋（Cervical ribs）所有的颈肋均短而与椎体相愈合，在第十和第十二颈肋的前部出现有两个相似的气孔。第十四肋骨较长与其相对应的椎体没有愈合应为第一背肋。不是所有的颈肋都完整保存，保存的第六颈肋长度为 30 mm，它的前端宽。第十三颈肋40 mm 长，而第一背肋长度为60 mm。
背椎（Dorsal vertebrae）在正型标本HYMV1-1中，背椎系列保存完整，具有12枚。除了最后两个以腹面暴露外，其他椎体只能看到其侧面部分。背椎系列的长度短于颈椎系列的长度（表1）。前部的背椎具有弱的椎体下突，而且其前关节面强烈凹陷。在“Oviraptor”mongoliensis（GIN 100/32）中，前部的3个背椎体具有非常发育的椎体下突。第六、七和八背椎体的横突水平延伸，最后背椎体的后关节面凹陷。在标本HYMV1-6中，保存的前部背椎体具有腹中嵴，而后部的椎体腹面圆滑。椎体的前关节突相对较短，但仍然长于后关节突。
表1 黄氏河源龙（Heyuannia huangi）正型标本（HYMV1-1）的测量数据（mm）
背肋（Dorsal ribs）除了一些背肋缺失其远端的小部分外，大多数背肋与相应的椎体相关连且保存较好。开始的3条肋骨中，肋骨头和肋骨结节之间的距离要比后部肋骨的大。前3条肋骨的长度分别为30 mm、35 mm和 35 mm，其肋骨头和肋骨结节大小基本一样。最后的6条肋骨保存，但是只有第五条几乎完整，它是所有肋条中最长的，大约长为160 mm。在多数兽脚类恐龙中，最长的背肋经常发生在第四、第五或者第六背椎椎体上（Molnar et al.，1990）。前部的背肋主干基本平直，而后部的（除了最后一肋条外）向后弯曲。一保存的背肋远端显示了其末端不扩张。在第四与第五、第六和第七背肋之间，分别有短而细长的骨，与肋骨主干呈大约100°角相交，这些骨应为像在其它窃蛋龙类（Clark et al.，1999）和鸟类（Chiappe et al.，1999）上所观察的肋骨钩突（图6）。
荐椎（Sacral vertebrae）荐椎部分有8个荐椎椎体，椎体的腹面光滑无嵴，与“Oviraptor”mongoliensis（GIN 100/32）的相似而与Ingenia yanshini（GIN 100/30-04）和一些鸟类的不同，它们中部的荐椎椎体腹面具有一浅沟，而在 GIN 100/33中，其荐椎椎体的腹面有一弱的嵴。第一荐椎椎体的前关节面凹陷，而其后关节面与第二荐椎椎体相愈合。第二荐椎椎体的肋骨和横突相互愈合，与肠骨的内表面相接触。拉长的椎体侧孔（长12 mm，高 4 mm）位于第二荐椎椎体的侧面中部。第三荐椎椎体与前面的两个要细小。第四荐椎椎体由岩石所覆盖，第五至第七荐椎椎体大小相等。由于第六和第七荐椎椎体高度愈合，因而其缝合线不清楚，但是第七和第八荐椎椎体之间的缝合线可辨认出。第八荐椎椎体的后端与第一尾椎椎体没有愈合，作为向尾椎部分过渡的标志。第八荐椎椎体的侧孔比前面椎体的要小，该孔缝隙状，长5 mm，高2 mm。荐椎的神经棘是否愈合不得而知，但是它们没有超出肠骨的背边缘而与其它进步的窃蛋龙类和镰刀龙类的Alxasaurus elesitaiensis（Russell&Dong，1993a）情形类似。
尾椎系列（Caudal vertebrae）（图版II，图3）虽然至少有4个个体保存有尾椎部分，但是没有一个保存有完整的尾椎系列，因而尾椎体的数目不清楚。
前部尾椎（Anterior caudal vertebrae）在正型标本（HYMV1-1）中，保存有第一至七尾椎。从侧面上看，第一尾椎体被肠骨后突所覆盖，其前关节面平坦。椎体侧孔（长5 mm，高1.5 mm）与最后荐椎椎体侧孔大小相似。第二到第六尾椎体相似，但是依此稍微变小。第五、第六和第七尾椎体的前关节面平坦，而它们的后关节面凹陷。椎体的横突向水平且稍微向后方延伸。神经棘相对小而低，并且几乎垂直，其末端不扩张。椎体的前关节突短而小。与Conchoraptor gracilis的情形相似，椎体的侧面只有一个侧孔，而不同于母驼龙（Ingenia yanshini）（GIN 100/33）中的情形，在后者的尾椎中，除了椎体侧孔外，在神经弓的基部还有另外两个气孔，这些孔要比椎体侧孔大，一个位于神经弓基部的侧面，而另一个位于其前内侧。
中部尾椎（Middle caudal vertebrae）在同一岩块上有10个相互关节的中部尾椎（HYMV 2-6），然而它们均保存不完整，可能属于中后部尾椎。多数椎体在埋藏之前就受到严重风化。尾椎体的腹面圆滑无嵴，横截面呈心脏形。椎体的前后关节突长度相等，在一个椎体神经弓的侧面有一侧孔（图版II，图3A）。
末端尾椎（Distal caudal vertebrae）在标本HYMV1-6中，保存有最后的10个尾椎，而在标本 HYMV1-7（图版II，图3B、C）中保存最后3个椎体。最后的尾椎均没有神经棘。在标本HYMV1-6中，前3个椎体的背面后部均有一小的嵴突，最前部的这些椎体的横截面为四边形而椎体的侧面较平无椎体侧孔，最后两个椎体的横截面为圆形。在标本 HYMV1-7中，最后两个椎体向远端变尖锐，椎体的腹面圆滑。在所有发现的标本中均无尾综骨出现。
脉弧（Chevrons）第一脉弧位于第一和第二尾椎体之间，在前部的脉弧中，它是最小的，向后稍微弯曲，从大小和形状上看，它与其它的脉弧不同，脉弧管道呈缝隙状。第二脉弧的主干向前稍微弯曲，第三脉弧完整，远端的前后两边缘均尖锐，末端较钝但比主干要窄。第四脉弧与第三脉弧类似，但是从侧面上看，其前关节面小于后关节面。第五和第六脉弧只有近端保存。侧视，它们的主干明显向后弯曲。在第五和第六脉弧近端的后边缘分别有一明显的突起。后部的尾椎体中没有发现脉弧与之相关节。
叉骨（Furculae）（图版III）叉骨呈U形，保存在标本HYMV1-1、HYMV1-2 以及 HYMV1-6中，这3个叉骨的大小和形态均相同。在正型标本 HYMV1-1 中只缺失其两支远端的小部分，在标本 HYMV1-2中保存完好（图版III）。叉骨向上呈U形开口，它的前腹面光滑，后表面稍微凹陷，其两支向背后方稍微弯曲。叉骨中部横截面呈卵圆形。叉骨下部发育一锁下突（hypocleideum）。
图9 胸骨的放大（HYMV1-6）
胸骨（Sternum）在标本 HYMV1-2和HYMV1-6中保存部分胸骨，胸骨呈薄板状，大约2 mm厚。两胸骨是否愈合不得而知，但是在标本HYMV1-6中保存有明显的侧突，胸骨的侧边缘至少有两个与胸肋相关节的关节面。在胸骨的侧边缘附近保存有3条肋骨的近端，显示了至少有3条胸肋的存在。胸肋呈棒状，具有圆的肋骨头。在HYMV1-6中，一些胸肋仍然与胸骨相关节（图9）。Barsbold（1983a，b）报道了一完整而加长的、且愈合在一起的与平胸鸟类类似的窃蛋龙胸骨。
肩胛骨和乌喙骨（Scapula and coracoid）在正型标本HYMV1-1中，只暴露出小部分的肩胛骨和乌喙骨。对肩带和前肢的特征描述基于标本 HYMV1-2、HYMV1-4、HYMV2-4、HYMV 1-5 和 HYMV1-6。肩带和前肢在标本HYMV1-2 中，保存完美。
标本HYMV1-2 包括右肩胛骨和部分乌喙骨、叉骨，完整的右肱骨、右尺骨和桡骨，半月形腕骨、桡侧腕骨，第I—III 掌骨、及第一指的第一指节的一部分、第二指的第一及第二指节（图版III）。
肩带部分保存在标本HYMV1-2、HYMV2-4 和 HYMV1-6中。标本HYMV1-2中的肩胛骨窄细，长板状，只缺失远端内边缘的小部分（图版III）。肩胛骨主干稍微弯曲，其背边缘厚圆，腹边缘薄而尖锐。肩胛骨具有与叉骨两支相关节的非常发育的肩峰突（acromion process），肩峰突的前端与肩臼的后边缘相平齐，其前边缘向外翻转。出自同一化石坑中的标本HYMV1-4，其肩胛骨、部分背椎系列和背肋呈自然状态保存在一起。肩胛骨的末端稍微扩张，且肩胛骨的主干几乎与脊柱相平行（图10）。
图10 标本HYMV1-4，显示肩胛骨平行于脊柱。
在标本 HYMV1-6中，右乌喙骨弯曲暴露且与肩胛骨相愈合，乌喙骨加长，不像大多数非鸟兽脚类恐龙那样短而圆。乌喙骨的主干部分相对较厚，外表面凸起而内表面凹陷。乌喙骨长为50 mm，远端宽为40 mm，与肩胛骨的缝合线附近有一大的孔。在肩臼边缘的下方，有一明显的乌喙结节（coracoid tubercle）（biceps=acrocoracoid，Ostrom，1976a），上乌喙孔位于二头肌结节的背内侧方。乌喙骨的胸骨端薄，呈板状。两边缘直且几乎平行，而与胸骨的前侧边相关节的腹边缘也平直。愈合的肩胛骨和乌喙骨形成145°角，乌喙骨与肩胛骨长度之比约为0.3。
肱骨（Humerus）在标本 HYMV2-1 和 HYMV1-6中保存完整。肱骨稍微扭曲，非常发育的三角嵴指向前方。肱骨主干的横截面呈卵圆形。三角嵴的前边缘直，类似于其它进步的窃蛋龙类的。三角嵴占主干长度的约一半，它的顶端与肱骨头之间的边缘也较平直。肱骨近端既没有外结节、内结节也没有二头肌嵴的迹象。起于近三角嵴边缘中部的一明显的嵴斜向腹部延伸，消失于与三角嵴远端相平齐的面上。肱骨远端附近，有一弱的与尺骨相关节的面。肱骨的侧面平坦与后面呈90°角相交。肱骨末端前边缘的中部有一明显的、非常发育的内上髁。
尺骨（Ulna）（图11）尺骨的远端关节面稍微旋转，与近端关节面不在同一水平面上。近端主干前后扁平，鹰嘴突不发育。主干前表面光滑，而后表面有一弱的嵴，这一嵴一直伸到末端。尺骨的近端后表面有一加长的孔，该孔的边缘规则，好像不是人为造成的。尺骨几乎与肱骨等长，且比桡骨粗壮，这与Oviraptor philoceratops的不同，它的尺骨和桡骨的直径类似（Smith，1992）。内视，尺骨近端粗壮呈三角形，其背边缘比腹边缘宽。尺骨的主干呈棒状，稍微向后弯曲，背表面圆滑而腹表面平坦具有一弱的嵴。尺骨远端稍微扩张，前后平而左右宽，内表面与桡骨相关节之处为三角形凹陷面。其侧面的浅的凹陷可能为与半月形腕骨相关节的面，一狭长的孔位于鹰嘴突的后表面。尺骨远端侧面上显著的关节面应为与尺侧腕骨相关节的面，尺骨远端的关节面圆滑，尺骨远端背腹宽度大于内外宽度。
图11 黄氏河源龙（HYMV2-8）的尺骨，腹侧视（A、A-1）以及前内视（B、B-1）
桡骨（Radius）桡骨的两端稍微扩张，彼此相对扭曲，但是其主干几乎平直（图版IV，图1A）。远端向前外侧扭曲，而近端向后内侧扭曲。背视，主干的中部有一显著的嵴，横截面为四边形。与肱骨相关节的面凹陷，其内边缘直。桡骨远端的轮廓为三角形，但是圆滑具有稍微凸出的表面。桡骨主干，远离尺骨，因而尺桡骨之间形成明显的空隙，与多数四足类动物相似。尺骨和桡骨的最大直径分别为10 mm 和8 mm（图版IV，图1B、C），其直径比率为（du/dr）=1.25，而该标本肱骨的主干直径为20 mm。
腕骨（Carpals）
半月形腕骨（Semilunate）为最大的腕骨，它与第一和第二掌骨愈合而没有任何缝合线的迹象。半月形腕骨的内外长度比第一和第二掌骨之和的宽度大，在其凸起的关节面上，有一深而直的沟，形成近端的滑车关节面。
桡侧腕骨（Radiale）为一小的、不规则的骨，它的屈肌面不规则且呈四边形。其远端的中部有一嵴，而其侧边缘和前边缘平坦。桡侧腕骨与桡骨具有明显的可活动关节面。
尺侧腕骨（Ulnare）保存在标本HYMV2-1中，它为一相对小而不规则的骨。
掌骨（Metacarpals）第一掌骨短而粗壮。在标本HYMV2-1中，第二和第三掌骨的末端缺失，但是它们很好地保存在标本HYMV1-2中。与第一掌骨相比，第二和第三掌骨相对细长，但是第二掌骨的主干要比第三掌骨粗些。第二和第三掌骨的远端位于同一垂直面上，第二掌骨的近端前后被第一掌骨包裹且与之近端相愈合，而第三掌骨近端呈棒状，比其主干稍微粗，没有与其它的掌骨愈合。第二和第三掌骨的横截面卵圆形，第三掌骨与第二掌骨的外侧面靠得很近，但是它们的近端不在同一基线上。与Khaan mckennai（Clark et al.，2001）和Archaeopteryx（Zhou&Martin，1999）中的情形一样，第三掌骨的近端与腕骨不接触。背视，第一掌骨近端包裹第二掌骨，半月形腕骨的前后宽度等于第一掌骨的宽度，因而，看起来半月形腕骨与第一掌骨相连而不与第二掌骨发生任何关系（图版IV，图2A、B、C）。但是腹视，第二掌骨的近端比第一掌骨的近端宽，并且因为第一掌骨包围第二掌骨，所以半月形腕骨推断为主要与第二掌骨相关节。
手指（Manus phalanges）虽然部分手指在标本HYMV2-1、HYMV1-2、HYMV1-5 和 HYMV1-7中保存，但是没有一个个体的手部保存完整。在所有的3个手指中，第一指最短粗，第一指的爪大而强烈弯曲，高而侧扁，具有弱的屈肌结节，其近端没有背唇突（dorsal lip）（图版V，图1A，B）。第二指的爪相对弱小而直，比第一指的爪小得多。第三指的爪没有保存。第一和第二指的长度几乎相等，虽然第三指在任何标本中均没有保存，但是纤细的第三掌骨显示了第三指要比第一和第二指弱，第三指的指节数目不清楚。在标本 HYMV1-2 和 HYMV2-1中，手部和前臂的保存角度约为60°（图版IV，图2A）。
肠骨（Ilium）正型标本（HYMV1-1）中的腰带部分保存得几乎完整，在标本HYMV2-7中也保存部分腰带。腰带部分的记述主要根据正型标本HYMV1-1，除了其中部缺失小部分外，右肠骨保存较好，其轮廓清晰（图6）。左肠骨只暴露其背边缘部分，肠骨比荐椎部分长。从侧面上看，它覆盖了大约10个椎体。肠骨的前突长90 mm（从耻骨柄前边缘的垂线到肠骨前突末端），它大约比肠骨后突长21%。薄板状的肠骨前突没有伸向前下方的、尖锐的突起，但是突起稍微圆滑，并且没有达到与耻骨柄的腹边缘相平齐的位置。肠骨后突尖锐，长为75 mm（从坐骨柄后边缘的垂线到肠骨后突末端）。肠骨整个背边缘凸起，肠骨板低，与整个长度260 mm相比，其在髋臼之上的高度只有70 mm，髋臼之长度为80 mm。耻骨柄短，比坐骨柄小而弱，与Nomingia gobiensis的情形不同，其耻骨柄为坐骨柄的两倍长（Barsbold et al.，2000b）。耻骨柄的关节面朝向下方，与Nomingia gobiensis的相似，但是与Chirostenotes pergracilis的不同，其耻骨柄的关节面朝向前下方。在耻骨柄的前方，在肠骨前突腹边缘附近有一浅的、拉长的M.cuppedicus肌窝，肠骨后突上没有短肌窝。坐骨柄指向正下方。在标本HYMV2-7中，肠骨上破碎的坐骨柄显示具气腔构造，这些气腔由骨质梁所构成（图版V，图2A）。坐骨柄的侧边缘附近具有低的反转子（antitrochanter），髋臼上缘（supra-acetabular rim）较弱。肠骨后突的末端与第一尾椎的后关节面相平齐，肠骨前突的前端覆盖了最后一背椎体。肠骨的外表面凹陷，在坐骨柄的前上方，这一凹陷分为两部分，相对深的区域出现在肠骨前突的中部。有一明显的嵴——转子上突（processus supratrochantericus）从肠骨背缘向后下方延伸至与坐骨柄相平齐的位置。
坐骨（Ischium）坐骨沿后边缘长为195 mm（图6），它与“Oviraptor”mongoliensis（Barsbold，1986），Chirostenotes pergracilis（Currie et al.，1988），Caudipteryx zoui（Ji et al.，1998；Zhou et al.，2000）和Nomingia gobiensis（Barsbold et al.，2000b）的坐骨类似。其后边缘厚而圆滑，而其前边缘薄而尖锐。坐骨上既没有远端坐骨结节及末端坐骨背突，也没有像其它非鸟兽脚类和鸟类所观察到的近端背突（Hutchinson，2001）。坐骨长，大约为股骨长的76%，与Ingenia yanshini（74.6%，GIN 100/31）的相似。这一比率在Deinonychus antirrhopus中为 55%，在大型兽脚类恐龙中约为66%～73%（Ostrom，1969），这些都比在Chirostenotes pergracilis（45%，Currie&Russell，1988）、Nomingia gobiensis（42%，Barsbold et al.，2000b）和Caudipteryx zoui（52%，Ji et al.，1998；Zhou et al.，2000）中的大。坐骨向后稍微弯曲，不像在Nomingia gobiensis（Barsbold et al.，2000b）和Chirostenotes pregracilis（Currie&Russell，1988；Sues，1997）中那样向后强烈弯曲。坐骨上大的三角形闭突（obturator process）位于其长度的62%处，不像在Nomingia gobiensis中那样，只占其长度约50%。坐骨的外表面凹陷，而其内表面较平坦，坐骨的末端较圆，左右两坐骨没有愈合在一起（图6）。在横穿闭突的位置，坐骨宽为55 mm。坐骨主干的近端部分呈棒状，最窄的部分位于坐骨近端和闭突之间，其横截面为圆形，直径为12 mm。
耻骨（Pubis）耻骨与坐骨几乎等长（图6），它与多数进步的窃蛋龙类相似。耻骨的主干向前稍微弯曲，耻骨足的前突和后突几乎等长，与Nomingia gobiensis（Barsbold et al.，2000b）中的情形相似。耻骨近端稍微扁平，远端部分的主干横截面显示了宽为12 mm 的耻骨裙（apron），该裙沿耻骨的内边缘延伸。耻骨近端的主干部分为棒状。
股骨（Femur）股骨主干像在Velociraptor mongoliensis（Norell et al.，1999）和Nomingia gobiensis中一样，向前强烈弯曲。大转子与股骨头相平齐，被一窄浅的腔所分开。从前面看，股骨的小转子呈指头状，其背边缘比大转子的稍微低一些，两转子之间有一明显的裂口，股骨没有后转子的迹象，但是在小转子的远端，沿股骨的侧边缘有一粗糙的面。股骨中部主干的周长为90 mm，横截面几乎为圆形，左右直径为28 mm，前后直径为约30 mm。股骨比肠骨短约5 mm。圆滑的股骨头朝向内侧，股骨头有一弱的颈。股骨远端的前表面几乎平坦，没有膝盖骨（伸肌）沟（patellar（extensor）groove）。远端的后部内外髁均发育，被一深的髁间沟所分开。在外髁的背面，有一界线明显的胫腓骨脊，胫骨与股骨长度之比为1.25。
胫骨和腓骨（Tibia and Fibula）胫骨的主干直，腓骨脊（50 mm长）显著位于主干的前外侧边缘上，该脊的腹边缘距离胫骨近端100 mm。腓骨脊附近的胫骨主干横截面几乎为圆形，左右向直径约为30 mm，前后向直径约 27 mm。在腓骨脊的下方，胫骨主干变得前后平，横向直径约35 mm，而前后向直径约为17 mm。腓骨近端内表面平坦，腓骨远端变细，延伸至跗骨处且与之相接触。
距骨和跟骨（Astragalus and Calcaneum）距骨和跟骨愈合在一起，但没有与胫骨愈合。在标本 HYMV2-3中，距骨的上升突缺失，但是胫骨前侧表面的关节凹陷处表明了距骨的上升突薄、窄而向上尖灭（图版V，图2B）。
跗骨（Tarsals）在所有的标本中远端的跗骨没有很好地保存下来。在一块标本中保存有两个远端的跗骨，它们没有与蹠骨相愈合，位于第三和第四蹠骨的近端。
蹠骨（Metatarsals）在正型标本 HYMV1-1 和 HYMV2-6中，有足部保存。第二蹠骨比第四蹠骨稍短，而第四蹠骨比第三蹠骨短（图版V，图3）。第二蹠骨到第四蹠骨近端没有愈合，与Chirostenotes pergracilis（Currie&Russell，1988）和Elmisaurus rarus（Osmólska，1981）中的情形一样。在似鸟龙类中，第三蹠骨被第二和第四蹠骨所覆盖，因而从背面上看不到第三蹠骨（Perle et al.，1994；Martin，1997）。第二蹠骨的横截面为圆形，第三蹠骨为四边形，而第四蹠骨的为三角形。第四蹠骨的前侧面为弧形，而其腹边缘和内边缘平坦。第五蹠骨没有明显地暴露在正型标本（HYMV1-1）中，而在标本HYMV2-6中只保存一小部分，第五蹠骨弱小，为棒状。
趾骨（Phalanges）与多数其它兽脚类恐龙一样，后足趾骨的趾式为 2-3-4-5-0。由于它死后从原先位置转移，第一趾在正型标本 HYMV1-1中好像翻转呈对握的姿势而在其它的标本中没有保存第一趾。第三趾是所有后足趾头中最长的，近端的趾节是最长的，为窃蛋龙类所特有。所有的爪大小几乎一样并且适度弯曲，而所有趾节呈自然状态关节在一起，因此，关节面的特征不清楚。侧副韧带窝（collateral ligament fossae）位于滑车关节弧的中心附近。
抱起亚轩找小葵
用英文介绍猴子的本领
lift
[lift]
n.
举起, 电梯, 起重机, 搭车。
vt.
升高, 提高, 举起, 空运
vi.
升起, (指雾等)消散, 耸立。
LIFT
=Logically Integrated FORTRAN Translator 逻辑集成公式翻译程序。
lift
lift
AHD:[l¹ft]
D.J.[l!ft]
K.K.[l!ft]
v.（动词）
lift.ed,lift.ing,lifts 。
v.tr.（及物动词）
To direct or carry from a lower to a higher position; raise:。
提，抬：从一个较低的位置弄到或搬到一个较高的位置：
lift one's eyes; lifted the suitcase.。
抬起双眼；提起衣箱
To transport by air:。
空运：
The helicopter lifted the entire team to the meet.。
直升飞机把全队空运到运动会现场。
To revoke by taking back; rescind:。
撤销；解除：
lifted the embargo.。
取消禁运
To bring an end to (a blockade or siege) by removing forces.。
撤消封锁：通过撤走武装力量而终止（封锁或包围）
To cease (artillery fire) in an area.。
停火：在某一地区停止（炮火）
To raise in condition, rank, or esteem.。
提高地位，级别，声望
To uplift; elate:。
鼓舞；振奋：
Your telephone call really lifted my spirits.。
你的电话提起了我的精神
To remove (plants) from the ground for transplanting.。
移植：把（植物）从地上挖起以便移值。
To project or sound in loud, clear tones:。
提高声音：提高（嗓门），使听起来清晰宏亮：
lifted their voices in song.。
唱歌时提高了嗓门
Informal To steal; pilfer:。
【非正式用语】 剽窃；窃取：
A thief lifted my wallet.。
小偷扒走了我的钱夹
Informal To copy from something already published; plagiarize:。
【非正式用语】 抄袭：从已发表的东西上照抄；剽取：
lifted whole paragraphs from the encyclopedia.。
整段都是从百科全书上照抄的
To pay off or clear (a debt or mortgage, for example).。
清偿：付清（例如债务或房租）
To perform cosmetic surgery on (the face), especially in order to remove wrinkles or sagging skin.。
整容：做面部整容手术，尤指为了去皱纹或消除松弛的皮肤。
Sports To hit (a golf ball) very high into the air.。
【体育运动】 挑（球）：将（高尔夫球）高高地打到空中。
To pick up (a golf ball) to place it in a better lie.。
选放：捡起（高尔夫球）放在更好的球位。
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To rise; ascend.。
上升；升起
To yield to upward pressure:。
可高举：
These windows lift easily.。
这些窗户很容易举起
To disappear or disperse by or as if by rising:。
消散：通过或好象通过上升而消失或消散：
By afternoon the smog had lifted.。
到下午雾气散尽
To stop temporarily:。
暂时停留：
The rain lifted by morning.。
到清晨大雨暂停
To become elevated; soar:。
受到鼓舞；感到高兴：
Their spirits lifted when help came.。
当救援来到时，他们的情绪受到了鼓舞。
n.（名词）
The act or process of rising or raising to a higher position.。
上升：上升到或上升到较高位置的动作或过程。
Power or force available for raising:。
提升力：能使物体升高的力或力量：
the lift of a pump.。
泵的提升力
An amount or a weight raised or capable of being raised at one time; a load.。
承载量：一次能举起的量或重量；装载量。
The extent or height to which something is raised or rises; the amount of elevation.。
提升高度：某物升高或被提高的高度或程度；提高的量。
The distance or space through which something is raised or rises.。
扬程：某物升高或被提高所经过的距离或空间。
A rise or an elevation in the level of the ground.。
上升：在地平面上的上升或升高
An elevation of the spirits:。
振奋：兴致或情绪提高：
The good news gave us a lift.。
好消息让我们精神振奋
A raised, high, or erect position, as of a part of the body:。
翘起：升高的、高的或直立的位置，如身体的某一部分：
the lift of his chin.。
他翘起的下巴
A machine or device designed to pick up, raise, or carry something.。
起重机，千斤顶：用来抬高、升高或搬运某物的机器或装置。
One of the layers of leather, rubber, or other material making up the heel of a shoe.。
鞋跟材质：一层用于制造鞋跟的皮、橡胶或其他材料。
Chiefly British A passenger or cargo elevator.。
【多用于英国】 电梯：载客或载货电梯。
A ride in a vehicle given to help someone reach a destination:。
搭便车：让某人搭乘运输工具以到达某人目的地：
gave my friend a lift into town.。
让我朋友搭便车进城
Assistance or help:。
帮助，援助：
gave her a lift with her heavy packages.。
帮她抬那些沉重的包裹
A set of pumps used in a mine.。
一组唧筒：矿井中使用的一套泵
The component of the total aerodynamic force acting on an airfoil or on an entire aircraft or winged missile perpendicular to the relative wind and normally exerted in an upward direction, opposing the pull of gravity.。
空气浮力：作用于机翼或整个机身或带翼导弹的整个空气动力学的力的组成部分，与相对风垂直，作用方向向上，与地球引力作用方向相反。
lift off
To begin flight:。
发射：
The spacecraft lifted off at noon.。
航天飞机中午发射
lift fire
To increase the range of artillery fire by elevating the muzzle of a piece.。
增大射程：升高炮口以增加大炮火力射程。
Middle English liften 。
中古英语 liften
from Old Norse lypta 。
源自 古斯堪的纳维亚语 lypta 。
lift“able
adj.（形容词）
lift“er
n.（名词）
lift,raise,rear,elevate,hoist,heave,boost。
These verbs mean to move something from a lower to a higher level or position.。
这些动词的意思是使某物从较低移到较高水平或位置。
Lift sometimes stresses the expenditure of effort: 。
Lift 有时强调花费的努力：
a trunk too heavy to lift;。
太重而提不动的旅行箱；
requires three men to lift the piano.。
要三个人才能抬起这架钢琴。
Raise often implies movement to an approximately vertical position: 。
Raise 经常指移动到基本上垂直的位置：
raised the window slightly;。
轻轻抬起窗户；
raising a monument to the war dead.。
为战争中的死难者立一座纪念碑。
Rear is frequently interchangeable withraise : 。
Rear 经常可以与raise 互换：
rear a ladder;
立起一架梯子；
rear a flagpole.。
竖起一根旗杆。
“Her family reared a sumptuous mausoleum over her remains” (Macaulay).。
“她的家人在她的遗体上立了一座华丽的陵墓” （麦考利）。
Elevate is sometimes synonymous with the preceding terms ( 。
Elevate 有时是前几个词的同义词( 。
used two pillows to keep his head elevated), but it more often suggests exalting, ennobling, or raising morally or intellectually: 。
用两个枕头来抬高他的脑袋)， 但它更经常地含有使崇高、使高贵或在道德上或智力上提高的意思：
“A generous and elevated mind is distinguished by nothing more certainly than an eminent degree of curiosity” (Samuel Johnson).。
“一颗慷慨、高贵的心灵最显著的特征当然是具有强烈的求知欲” （萨缪·约翰逊）。
Hoist is applied principally to the lifting of heavy objects,often by mechanical means: 。
Hoist 主要指举起重物，经常是通过机械方式：
hoist a sunken ship;。
吊起一艘沉船；
uses a crane to hoist the construction beams. Toheave is to lift or raise with great effort or force: 。
用起重机吊起建筑物的横梁。 Heave 的意思是用力举起或抬起：
heaved the pack onto his back.。
用力把包扛在背上。
Boost suggests upward movement effected by or as if by pushing from below: 。
Boost 含有从下面推或好象从下面推的动作实现的向上运动的意思：
boosted the child into the saddle;。
把孩子托上马鞍；
boost sales;
提高销售额；
boost morale. See also Synonyms at steal 。
提高士气 参见同义词 steal。
lift
[lift]
vt.
举[抬, 提]起
提高, 提升; 鼓舞
偷窃; 抄袭(书中章节等)
[美]提出, 赎出(典押物)
晋升
带, 运送; 空运
挖出; 拔, 拔起
撤消, 解除(禁令等); (用手术)除去(皱纹)。
偿付, 清偿
把(板球)向高空击去
lift a voice or cry。
高声喊叫
lift a sentence out of context。
断章取义地抽出一句来
This box is too heavy for me to lift.。
这箱太重我搬不起。
We lifted the students to Shanghai.。
我们把学生运送到上海。
lift
vi.
升高[起]
被提高[举起, 推起]
(云, 雾)消散
耸立
(地面)向上突出[隆起]
(船)随浪升高
The huge airplane lifted from the airport.。
大客机从机场起飞。
The window won't lift.。
这窗户推不开。
The mist began to lift.。
雾开始消散。
lift
n.
高举, 举起, 提, 吊
(一次)举重量, 起重量;【机】升程, 起升高度; 河水上升高度。
[英]电梯; 吊车; 爬上电梯。
帮助; 助手; (半路上)搭便车。
高昂的姿态, 情绪激昂; 鼓舞。
高地; 小丘, 地面的隆起
(修理汽车用的)千斤顶; 起重机。
楼层
进步; 增进
【航空】空运, 升力
鞋后跟皮的一层
一次印出的一堆(纸张)
a lift of her eyebrows。
她眉毛一扬
Give me a lift with this job.。
帮我做这件事。
liftboy [liftman]。
n.
[英]开电梯的工人
lift-off
n.
(飞机, 导弹的)升空, 起飞; 起离, 初动; 起飞时刻。
lift-on -lift-off。
adj.
货柜运输的
lift-pump
n.
提升[扬水]泵
lift-slab
[`lIftslAb]
adj.
【建】升板法施工的(混凝土板在地面预先浇妥, 等到使用时才用起重机吊起安放的)。
lift-up
n.
举起, 升高
lift-valve
n.
升阀
liftable
adj.
a dead lift
(不用机械)硬搬
需要全力以赴的难事
give sb. a lift。
让某人搭车
帮某人一把
on the lift
[美方]虚弱的[地], 弱不经风的[地]。
thumb a lift
(伸出翘起拇指的拳头向司机示意)要求搭车; 搭乘便车。
lift down
(用于将东西)搬下去; 从高处搬到低处。
lift off
(火箭, 导弹等)发射, (直升飞机等)起飞。
lift up
举起, 提起
使振奋, 使受到鼓舞
airfoil lift
机翼升力, 翼型升力
alarm bolt lift。
起闹栓升杆
ankle extensor lift。
踝关节伸展练习
arms backward lift。
直臂后举
arms forward lift。
直臂前上举
backhand lift
反手起球
bar sash lift
车窗提手
builder's lift
建筑工程升降机
buoyancy lift
浮升力, 浮升
cam lift
凸轮升程, 凸轮升度
car lift
升车机
chair lift
升降椅
click lift
升爪
clutch lift
棘轮式自动起落机构
colter lift
开沟器起落机构
concrete lift
混凝土升高层, 混凝土(薄)层。
混凝土升降机
core lift
抬芯
delivery lift [head]。
水头; 压力差
扬程
disk gang lift
圆盘(耙)组起落机构
draw lift
吸入管(泵)
dynamic suction lift。
动式吸入高度
electric fork lift。
叉式电池车
foot lift
踏板式起落机构
forcing lift
压力泵
fork lift for pallets。
集装箱的叉式升运机
free lift
自由升力
gasoline suction lift。
吸提汽油
gate lift
气力起重机
gear lift
被动齿轮负载后在垂直平面内的移动。
hack lift
背后硬拉
heel lift
鞋跟皮层
hip abductor lift。
侧卧举腿动作(练髋关节)
hip flexor lift。
直坐弯抬腿动作(练髋关节)
hub lift
(由行走轮传动的)轮毂式自动起落机构。
hydraulic table lift。
收割台液压起落机构
hydraulically operated lift。
液压(操作的)起落机构
hydrodynamic lift。
水动升力
流体动力举力
jack lift
用千斤顶压出或拔出器拔出(零件)。
起重车
knee lift
抬膝
knee extensor lift。
直坐伸小腿动作
mechanical power lift。
机械式自动起落机构
mechanical water lift。
机械式提水器
needle lift
针阀升程
overall lift
总升力
parallel lift
平行四边形起落机构; 平行四边形悬挂装置。
plain lift
普通起落 机构
pneumatic lift
气力升降机
prone horizontal arm lift。
俯卧直臂上举
pump lift
扬程
ram lift
冲压升力
活塞起重机
柱塞升程
撞头
rear lift
后提
sand lift
扬砂管
screw lift [elevator]。
螺旋提升机
separated lift
【航空】分离升力
service lift
送货吊机
static suction lift。
静止吸入高度
stiff-legged dead weight lift。
直腿硬举
suction lift
吸升高度, 吸入升程
吸引升力, 吸引举力
supine horizontal arm lift。
仰卧直臂上举
table lift
(谷物联合收获机的)收割台起落机构。
T-bar lift
滑雪吊车
translational lift。
瞬变升力, 瞬变飞行状态升力
valve lift
阀门升程
window lift
吊窗提手
window sash lift。
车窗手柄
lift raise elevate。
都含“举起”的意思。
lift 指“用体力或机械力把某物从地面举到一定的高度”, 如:。
She can lift a pail of water from the ground.。
她能把一桶水提起来。
raise 与Lift 可换用, 但着重“垂直高举”或“将物件由较低处移至较高处的适宜位置, 以发挥应有的作用”, 如:。
raise a flag.
升旗。
elevate 指“提高(嗓子、思想等)”, 如:。
Good reading elevates the mind.。
阅读好书可使思想高尚。
lower
LIFT
=Logically Integrated FORTRAN Translator 逻辑集成公式翻译程序。
lift
lift
AHD:[l¹ft]
D.J.[l!ft]
K.K.[l!ft]
v.
lift.ed,lift.ing,lifts 。
v.tr.
To direct or carry from a lower to a higher position; raise:。
lift one's eyes; lifted the suitcase.。
To transport by air:。
The helicopter lifted the entire team to the meet.。
To revoke by taking back; rescind:。
lifted the embargo.。
To bring an end to (a blockade or siege) by removing forces.。
To cease (artillery fire) in an area.。
To raise in condition, rank, or esteem.。
To uplift; elate:。
Your telephone call really lifted my spirits.。
To remove (plants) from the ground for transplanting.。
To project or sound in loud, clear tones:。
lifted their voices in song.。
Informal To steal; pilfer:。
A thief lifted my wallet.。
Informal To copy from something already published; plagiarize:。
lifted whole paragraphs from the encyclopedia.。
To pay off or clear (a debt or mortgage, for example).。
To perform cosmetic surgery on (the face), especially in order to remove wrinkles or sagging skin.。
Sports To hit (a golf ball) very high into the air.。
To pick up (a golf ball) to place it in a better lie.。
v.intr.
To rise; ascend.。
To yield to upward pressure:。
These windows lift easily.。
To disappear or disperse by or as if by rising:。
By afternoon the smog had lifted.。
To stop temporarily:。
The rain lifted by morning.。
To become elevated; soar:。
Their spirits lifted when help came.。
n.
The act or process of rising or raising to a higher position.。
Power or force available for raising:。
the lift of a pump.。
An amount or a weight raised or capable of being raised at one time; a load.。
The extent or height to which something is raised or rises; the amount of elevation.。
The distance or space through which something is raised or rises.。
A rise or an elevation in the level of the ground.。
An elevation of the spirits:。
The good news gave us a lift.。
A raised, high, or erect position, as of a part of the body:。
the lift of his chin.。
A machine or device designed to pick up, raise, or carry something.。
One of the layers of leather, rubber, or other material making up the heel of a shoe.。
Chiefly British A passenger or cargo elevator.。
A ride in a vehicle given to help someone reach a destination:。
gave my friend a lift into town.。
Assistance or help:。
gave her a lift with her heavy packages.。
A set of pumps used in a mine.。
The component of the total aerodynamic force acting on an airfoil or on an entire aircraft or winged missile perpendicular to the relative wind and normally exerted in an upward direction, opposing the pull of gravity.。
lift off
To begin flight:。
The spacecraft lifted off at noon.。
lift fire
To increase the range of artillery fire by elevating the muzzle of a piece.。
Middle English liften 。
from Old Norse lypta 。
lift“able
adj.
lift“er
n.
lift ,raise ,rear ,elevate ,hoist ,heave ,boost 。
These verbs mean to move something from a lower to a higher level or position.。
Lift sometimes stresses the expenditure of effort: 。
a trunk too heavy to lift;。
requires three men to lift the piano.。
Raise often implies movement to an approximately vertical position: 。
raised the window slightly;。
raising a monument to the war dead.。
Rear is frequently interchangeable withraise : 。
rear a ladder;
rear a flagpole.。
“Her family reared a sumptuous mausoleum over her remains” (Macaulay).。
Elevate is sometimes synonymous with the preceding terms ( 。
used two pillows to keep his head elevated), but it more often suggests exalting, ennobling, or raising morally or intellectually: 。
“A generous and elevated mind is distinguished by nothing more certainly than an eminent degree of curiosity” (Samuel Johnson).。
Hoist is applied principally to the lifting of heavy objects,often by mechanical means: 。
hoist a sunken ship;。
uses a crane to hoist the construction beams. Toheave is to lift or raise with great effort or force: 。
heaved the pack onto his back.。
Boost suggests upward movement effected by or as if by pushing from below: 。
boosted the child into the saddle;。
boost sales;
boost morale. See also Synonyms at steal 。
lift
中古英语liften〈古挪威语lypta〈lopt“空气”；古英语为lyft, 德语luft, 荷兰语lucht。
lift,raise,rear,elevate,hoist这组动词的一般含义是“提起”，“举起”。
lift 强调“提升很重的或者抬起比较重的东西”，当用于比喻时，可以指雄伟高大的建筑物或大山的“高耸入云”
The dish now had to be lifted vertically because one edge was resting against the side of the canal.。
现在必须垂直着提升馅饼盘，因为盘的一边靠在运河的侧面上。
raise 在用于“提升”的意义时，可包含费力也可能不包含费力，但总带有“垂直”提升的意思；在用于比喻时，可以表示喂羊家畜、家禽，照料农作物的生长，募集资金，抬募军队，养育儿童等。
…there was tremendous excitement on board when a chest was raised from the bottom…….。
当从海底提上来一只箱子时，船上出现了极为兴奋的场面。
Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another.。
我们的牧师老是在为这桩或那桩事募款。
rear和raise在文学语言中常互换使用。在表示养育儿童时，rear 为美国南方各州惯用词。
She bore three children and reared (or reaised) two of them.。
她生过三个孩子，养大了两个。
elevate 一般具有lift和raise的含义，但elevate 常用于抽象概念的提高，如“提高文学鉴赏力”，“提高情操”等。
Good reading elerates the mind.。
读好书可以提高情操。
hoist 尤指“以机械提升重物”
The cargo was soon hoisted into the ship.。
货物很快就被吊进船舱。
大圣杰锅是
谁有乒乓球裁判规则的英文版？？？？？？
1、
猴子
Monkey is a commonly known. Primates in many animals we call monkey. 1 mammalia primates head. The groups most other animals, the brain is developed; eyes toward the front of the orbital space narrow; hands and feet of the toe (finger) to separate the thumb and flexible, with most of the other toe (finger) on the grip. Including the original monkeys and apes suborder suborder. Suborder face like the original Monkey Fox; no cheek pouches and hip corpus callosum; forelimbs shorter than hind legs, thumb and big toe developed, with other fingers (toes) relative; tail can curl or absent. Suborder apes face like people; mostly with cheek pouches and hip corpus callosum; mostly longer than the hind limb, and some degradation of the big toe; tail length, and some can be curly, and some no tail. Distribution by region or nose structure, and apes are divided into broad sub-nosed monkeys head group, also known as New World monkeys; narrow nose monkey group, also known as Old World monkeys. The project includes 51 genera and 11 families of about 180 species, mainly distributed in Asia, Africa and the Americas warm areas. Most of the forest habitat. Primates is the biggest gorilla size, weight up to 275 kilograms, the smallest is the Japanese monkey, weighing only 70 grams. Monkey。
Tree branch with some very primitive skull features of the original monkeys is quite similar to many anatomists and paleontologists had left it, including within the primates, but its morphology and ecological habits and primates are very difference, therefore, modern taxonomists have it a separate project tree。
中文译文:
猴是一个俗称。灵长目中很多动物我们都称之为猴。灵长目是哺乳纲的1目。动物界最高等的类群,大脑发达;眼眶朝向前方，眶间距窄;手和脚的趾(指)分开，大拇指灵活，多数能与其它趾(指)对握。包括原猴亚目和猿猴亚目。原猴亚目颜面似狐;无颊囊和臀胼胝;前肢短于后肢,拇指与大趾发达，能与其他指(趾)相对;尾巴能卷曲或缺如。猿猴亚目颜面似人;大都具颊囊和臀胼胝;前肢大都长于后肢，大趾有的退化;尾长、有的能卷曲，有的无尾。按区域分布或鼻孔构造，猿猴亚目又分为阔鼻猴组，又称新大陆猴类;狭鼻猴组，又称旧大陆猴类。本目包括11科约51属180种,主要分布于亚洲、非洲和美洲温暖地带。大多栖息林区。灵长类中体型最大的是大猩猩，体重可达275千克，最小的是倭猴,体重只有70克。 猴子树科的头骨特征与某些十分原始的原猴类颇相似，许多解剖学家和古生物学家曾把它包括在灵长类内，但其外部形态和生态习性却与灵长类有很大差异，因此，现代分类学家已把它独立成树目。
如果嫌太长了，自己进行删减吧。
2、
Most of the skull primates great cranial cavity, spherical, this is due to the jaw shorter, facial change caused by flat, Orbital hind dash forward the development form bone eye rings, or closed form eye socket, Most species nose short, their sense of smell after hearing, touch, and some species in the brain with low highly developed sense of smell central and, to a great extent by olfactory action. Some lemur has a long nose. Golden monkeys genera and dolphin tail langur genera of the nasal bones degradation, forming the supine nostrils. Proboscis monkey genera of the nose big and long. These special type is due to the muscles or cartilage development, formed. Foot extensor hallucis and it can hold, make to toe hands and feet become grasping organs. The original of the monkey 5 fingers but flexion, no individual use. Palm surface and surface, have a naked - fingers and toes grain, grain shape is differ. With very soft or wide foot pad, except black apes outside, all for - do sex. Most kinds of means and toe end all have flat armour. General before long hind varies slightly, only the gibbon secco and orangutans secco forehand much longer than the hind legs. Apes, and people in with tail, koala of the kinds of its tail length difference is very big, from only one swelled to exceed long body. JuanWei monkey hkust some species with grip function, tail "DiWuZhi hand," said. Some old continent monkey (such as baboon) facial, hip or chest skin with bright-coloured colour, especially noticeable in breeding. The buttocks thick hard skin composed of lumps, called buttock continue.。
望采纳↖(^ω^)↗
小韩在追星
responses的意思
楼主 注意注意:
1 table
1.1.1 the upper surface of the table called table games, should be parallel with the horizontal rectangle, 274 meters long, 1.525 meters wide, 76 cm high to high ground.。
1.1.2 game table does not include the top side of the table.。
1.1.3 table games can be made from any material, should have the same flexibility that is standard when the ball away from the table down to 30 cm above the table, up to a high of about 23 cm.。
1.1.4 table games should be uniform was dark, dull, 2.74 meters along each side of the game together have the edge of a 2 cm wide white line, 1.525 meters each along the top edge of each race a 2 cm wide White end line.。
1.1.5 table games by the end of a line parallel to the vertical net is divided into two equal areas of Taiwan, the Taiwan area as a whole should be a whole area.。
1.1.6 doubles, the Taiwan area should be a 3 mm wide white center line, divided into two equal, "the district and a half." The center line and parallel to the line and should be seen as part of the right areas.。
Net 1.2 device
1.2.1 net installations, including the net, hanging rope net, net-chu and fixed them on the stage in the ball part of the clamp.。
1.2.2 should fly ball in the net on a rope, both ends of the rope line in 15.25 cm high vertical pillar network, the network of the outer edge of the column away from the outer edge of the left sideline for the 15.25 cm.。
1.2.3 net throughout the game away from the top of the table 15.25 cm.。
1.2.4 net as a whole should be close to the bottom of the table match, the two ends of the column should be close to the net.。
1.3 ball
1.3.1 ball for a ball, with a diameter of 38 mm.。
1.3.2 ball weight 2.5 grams.。
1.3.3 Application of the ball game Lulu, or similar material, white, yellow or orange and matte.。
1.4 racket
1.4.1 racket size, shape and weight are not limited, but the floor should be smooth, hard.。
1.4.2 thickness of the floor at least 85% of the natural wood floor to strengthen the bonding layer can be used such as carbon fiber, fiberglass or compressed paper fiber material, each layer adhesion does not exceed the total thickness of the floor, or 7.5% 0.35 mm.。
1.4.3 used to hitting the applied side to shoot a layer of particles out of the ordinary particles plastic cover, together with the thickness of the adhesive is not more than 2 mm; or particles inside or outside of the sponge rubber covering, together with the adhesive, the thickness of non - More than 4 mm.。
1.4.3.1 "ordinary plastic particles" is not a bubble of natural rubber or synthetic rubber, the particles must be not less than every 10 square centimeters, 50 more than the average density of the entire surface.。
1.4.3.2 "sponge rubber" that is, in a layer of foam rubber, plastic covered with a layer of ordinary particles, the thickness of the plastic particles generally not more than 2 millimeters.。
1.4.4 should cover the entire surface film, but not exceed its marginal. Paibing close to some of the finger, as well as they may be holding some of the coverage, can also be used for any material covered.。
1.4.5 floor, mezzanine floor any, as well as cover for the adhesive layer should be a uniform thickness as a whole.。
1.4.6 racket on both sides with or without the cover must be dull, and for a bright red, black on the other side. Making body on the edge of the package should be dull side may not be white.。
1.4.7 as a result of the accident damage, wear or fade, resulting in the surface film as a whole and the color consistency on the minor differences. Did not change significantly as long as the film's surface properties, can be allowed to use.。
1.4.8 match at the beginning of the process of competition and the athletes need to be replaced racket, it is important to the other party to the referee and he will have to demonstrate the use of the racket, and allow them to check.。
1.5 Definition
1.5.1 "Round": the ball is in a state of the game for some time.。
1.5.2 "Department ball game," from the service, the ball was intended to toss up, still in the hand not holding the hands of the moment. Round the scoring or sentenced to serve.。
1.5.3 "severe service": no sub-contracting of the round.。
1.5.4 "a": sub-contractor of the round.。
1.5.5, "picking hands": the racket hand is holding.。
1.5.6, "they are not afraid of hands": not holding the racket hand.。
1.5.7 "hit" by holding hands in the hands of the executive wrists racket or part of the following ball.。
1.5.8 "block": hitting each other after the game in the state have not yet touched the ball side of the Taiwan area did not exceed the table games or end line, that is, the touch of the athletes to wear or any of the items.。
1.5.9 "made the players": a round, the first batter of the athletes.。
1.5.10, "then made the players: a round, the second batter of the athletes.。
1.5.11 "referee: Management has been designated a game,。
1.5.12 "assistant referee": in some areas are designated to assist the work of the referees.。
1.5.13 athletes, "wearing a belt or" any items, including a round he started to wear or take any items.。
1.5.14 ball from the outside to highlight Taiwan's device under the net or outside or back of the net after the ball crossed the ball rebound over the net, should be treated as if it had "more than bypass or" net device.。
1.5.15 of the table, "end line" end line, including both ends of the unlimited extension of the line.。
1.6 legal service。
1.6.1 serve, the ball should be placed on non-enforcement of clapping hands, with open palm and shen-ping. The ball is still in service to the end line and after the game together on the surface of the water level.。
1.6.2 made the players have to hand the ball toss up almost vertically, so that can not spin the ball and the ball in the left hand not holding the hands of not less than 16 centimeters after rise.。
1.6.3 When the ball toss from the highest point down, the players can be hit, the ball hit the first side of the Taiwan area, and then crossed the ball to bypass the network or device, and then touch the players made the Taiwan area. In the doubles, hit the ball should have made the players and then players made the right area.。
1.6.4 drop from the stationary ball before the final moment to the ball, racket ball and the game should be above the level of the table.。
1.6.5 ball, the ball should be in service to the end line, but it can not be made the players more than the body (arms, legs or head except for) the farthest away from the end line.。
1.6.6 serve athletes, the responsibility to let the referee or umpire to see whether he was vice in accordance with legal provisions serve serve.。
1.6.6.1 If the referees made the players doubt the correctness of a service action, and his deputy or the judge can not be sure that the action does not serve the legitimate, this game is the first time, the referee issued a warning to the players and No sub-contracting.。
1.6.6.2 At the same game, if athletes serve once again the correctness of action under suspicion, no matter whether for the same reason, no warning and sentenced to a loss.。
1.6.6.3 whether or not the first time or at any time as long as the players made no apparent serve in accordance with legal provisions serve, he was sentenced to a loss without warning.。
1.6.7 athletes as a result of physical injury and can not legally serve in strict compliance with certain provisions, the referee may decide to waive, subject to the referee before the game description.。
1.7 legitimate to fight back。
1.7.1 or serve each other's back, side of the athletes have to hit the ball directly over the ball or to bypass the network devices, network devices, or touch the ball and then hit the other areas of Taiwan.。
Match the order of 1.8。
1.8.1 In the singles, the first player made by the legal service, then re-issued by the legitimate players to fight back, and then alternate between the two legitimate to fight back.。
1.8.2 In the doubles, the first player made by the legal service, then re-issued by the legitimate players to fight back, and then by the players of his legal fight back, and then made by the player's legal partner returned fire, after which players take turns lawful order of this fight back .。
1.9 re-serve
1.9.1 Round the following sentence should be re-serve:。
1.9.1.1 If the player sent the ball, or to bypass the ball over the net device, the device hit the net since then become a legitimate service or receiving player or his companion to stop.。
1.9.1.2 If the player then made his or not ready when the ball has been issued: and then made the players or their companions did not attempt to hit.。
1.9.1.3 As a result of the athletes beyond the control of the interference, which can not legally serve athletes. To fight back legally or abide by the rules.。
1.9.1.4 referee or umpire to suspend play vice.。
1.9.1.5 In the doubles, the players made the wrong, wrong then.。
1.9.2 can be suspended from competition following circumstances:。
1.9.2.1 to correct due to serve, then serve the order or the wrong direction;。
1.9.2.2 due to the implementation of the rotation to serve law;。
1.9.2.3 because of a warning or punishment athletes;。
1.9.2.4 As the race was interfered with the environment, so that the results of the round might be affected.。
1.10 a
In addition to the 1.1O.1 re-sentenced to serve the round, the following athletes have one:。
1.10.1.1 the other athletes can not legally serve;。
1.1O.1.2 other athletes not legitimate to fight back;。
1.1O.1.3 athletes in the service or to fight back, the other players in the batting before the ball hit the net in addition to anything other than the device;。
1.10.1.4 hit the other side, the side of the ball crossed the end line and did not touch sides of the Taiwan Area;。
1.10.1.5 the other side stop;。
1.10.1.6 batter each other;。
1.10.1.7 the other party does not comply with provisions of 1.4.3 of the hit film surface;。
1.10.1.8 the other athletes to wear his or any of the East so that the two mobile table;。
1.10.1.9 the other athletes or wear anything that he touched the ball device;。
1.10.1.10 each other's hands touch the athletes they do not match the table;。
1.10.1.11 doubles, the other players hit the wrong order;。
1.10.1.12 rotation implementation of the law serve, then serve the athletes or their doubles partners, including the return of serve blow to complete the 13 legitimate to fight back.。
1.11 a game
1.11.1 in a game, one of the first 21 points for the winners, 20-ping, the first of more than 2 minutes a side for the winner.。
1.12 a game
1.12.1 game should be three games or five games system.。
1.12.2 game in a row should be carried out. But in between the Bureau and the Bureau, any of the athletes have the right to request no more than two minutes rest.。
1.13 service, according to the choice of location and service。
1.13.1 serve option, and then serve the party, that party's power should be decided by drawing lots, selected applicants to choose to serve first or return of serve, or choose a party in the first.。
1.13.2 when the party chose the first athlete to serve or return of serve, or choose a party in the first, the other athletes should have the power to choose another.。
1.13.3 was in every five minutes, then serve to become the driving side, and so on, until the end of its game, or until both sides have scored 20 points, or serve to implement the rotation method, this time, and then serve the order issued Remains the same, but each only made one round-pointers.。
1.13.4 doubles in the first game, first serve to identify the players made the first, and then by the first return of serve to identify the players made the first pick. In the future in the game, I made sure the players after the first Then the players should be made prior to a service bureau to his players.。
1.13.5 In the doubles, for each service, then in front of the players should be made in becoming a player in front of the fat fellow players should be made then the players。
1.13.6 a first serve in the Bureau of the party in the next game should first return of serve. In the doubles tie breaker, when the party first 10 points prior to getting a return of serve should then exchange the order of service.。
1.13.7 a bureau, in the direction of a party game in the next game should change to the other place. In the tie breaker, one of 10 first time the two sides should exchange position.。
1.14 serve, then serve the order and direction of errors。
Once a referee 1.14.1 serve, then serve the order of error should be immediately suspended from competition, and the game at the beginning of the establishment of the order, according to the court by the score should serve or return of serve athletes or serve return of serve; in the doubles in , Was found at the wrong time that the Board has the right to serve first in the party established by the correct order, to continue to race.。
1.14.2 referees should be player if the exchange did not exchange position should be immediately suspended from competition, and the beginning of the game established by order of market players score in the right direction of the station should be carried out to correct, and then continue to race.。
1.14.3 In any case, the mistake was found before the scores were all effective.。
1.15 rotation driving law。
1.15.1 If a game has not yet reached the end of 15 minutes (both at least 19 others with the exception of time-sharing), or any time before that the two athletes should be asked, should serve to implement the rotation method.。
1.15.1.1 limited time to time, the ball is still in the game, the referee should immediately suspend the match. Round suspended by the hair of players serve to continue to race.。
1.15.1.2 limited time to time, the ball is not in competition, should be a pre-round pick of the players made serve to continue to race.。
1.15.2 Since then, each athlete has made a round ball until the end of the council. If the return of serve to 13 times the legal fight back, the penalty is to lose a serve.。
1.15.3-for-service law, once implemented, the remainder of the game must continue until the end of the game.。
ITTF 11 points on the reform of the new requirements。
To meet the 11 demerit points system, the ITTF Congress to amend its rules. This revision will be on September 1, 2001 from the Executive.。
2.11 a game
2.11.1 in a game, the first 11 minutes of the party for the winners. 10 level, a more than 2 hours before the party for the winners.。
2.12 a game
MySQL 5.0 2.13 each game by the odd composition of the Board。
2.13 serve, return of serve and the location of the exchange's order。
2.13.3 was in every 2 hours after the return of serve that is to become the service side, and so on, until the end of its game, or until both sides have scored 10 points, or serve to implement the rotation method, this time, and then serve the order of service Remains the same, but every one round of 1-point shots made.。
2.13.6 a first serve in the Bureau of the party in the next game should first return of serve. In the doubles tie breaker, when the party first time 5, return of serve should then exchange the order of service。
2.13.7 a bureau, in the direction of a party game in the next game should change to the other place. In the tie breaker, the party first time 5, the two sides should exchange position.。
2.15 rotation driving law。
2.15.1 If a game has not yet reached the end of 10 minutes (the two sides have been at least 9 with the exception of time-sharing), or any time before that the two athletes should be asked, should serve to implement the rotation method.。
2.15.3 rotation serve as the implementation of a law or a game was 10 minutes of the game remaining bureaux are subject to the law serve the rotation.。
Intermittent 3.4.4。
3.4.4.1 In addition to the party's request, the race should continue.。
3.4.4.1.1 In the Bureau to not more than 1 minute between the time interest rates;。
3.4.4.1.2 each game, each have 6 points after the tie breaker, or the exchange of position, there is a short period of time Cahan.。
ITTF serve on the new requirements of the rules of table tennis competition 2.6.1,2.6.2 and 2.6.5 will be replaced by the following rules: this will be revised September 1, 2002 from the Executive.。
2.6.1 When the ball's in the parking and open extensor flat with the palm of your hand, we can not go on serve.。
2.6.4 the ball away from the athletes to the palm of your hand the moment the ball was hit, the ball should be in the table on a high plane and serve in the player after the end line.。
2.6.5 When the ball was hit, the player or serve his doubles teammate with the clothes of the body can not be any part of the net with the ball in between. The proposal to amend the following purposes: to prevent the return of serve players in the line of sight of the hidden-away service.。
1) to hit the ball was thrown out of the time, must be maintained at levels above the table.。
2) The player's body and clothes were not involved in any part by the net and line up to form the Triangle area. (Imaginary line is: When the ball was hit, the ball with both ends of the composition of net).。
希望给你带来帮助!!!!!!
小韩在追星
胳膊上的肌肉都有哪些？说出名称！谢谢了！！有没有什么图解的！有叫公肌的吗？
responeses 是 response的复数形式。
response
[ris5pCns]
n.
回答, 响应, 反应
response
re.sponse
AHD:[r¹-sp¼ns“] 。
D.J.[r!6spKns]
K.K.[r!6sp$ns]
n.（名词）
The act of responding.。
答复：答复的行动
A reply or an answer.。
回复或回答
A reaction, as that of an organism or a mechanism, to a specific stimulus.。
反应：一种有机体或机制对特定刺激的反应。
Abbr. REcclesiastical Something that is spoken or sung by a congregation or choir in answer to the officiating minister or priest.。
缩写 R【基督教会】 答复语，答复曲：会众或唱诗班用于答复执事牧师或教士的话语或歌曲。
A responsory.
回应经文，应唱圣歌
Middle English respons 。
中古英语 respons
from Old French 。
源自 古法语
from Latin resp½m [from neuter past participle of] respond¶re [to respond] * see respond 。
源自 拉丁语 resp½m [] 源自respond¶re的中性过去分词 [反应] *参见 respond。
response
[ris5pCns]
n.
答复; 回[应]答
【宗】应唱圣歌
(因刺激等引起的)感应; 反应。
【物】响应;【无】灵敏度; 感 扰性; 特性曲线。
response pulse
回答脉冲
response curve
响应[应答]曲线, 灵敏度特性曲线。
They make a quick response to my inquiry.。
他们对我的询问很快作了答复。
responseless
adj.
call forth no response in sb.'s breast。
在某人心中不起反应
in response to
响应, 反应
make no response。
不回答
absolute detector response。
检测器绝对响应(值)
acoustic frequency response。
声频响应, 音频响应
adaptation response。
适应性反应
allergic response。
变态反应
altitude response。
高度特性
amplitude response。
振幅特性曲线
amplitude-frequency response。
幅度频率响应, 幅频响应曲线
amplitude-phase response。
幅度相位响应
anamnestic response。
【免疫】回忆应答
aperture response。
孔阑特性曲线
arousal response。
觉醒[唤醒]反应
audio response
【信】声音应答
auditory response。
听觉反应
available power response。
可用功率响应
axial response
轴向响应[灵敏]度
band-pass response。
带通响应
bar response
(彩色)条响应
baseband frequency response。
基带频(率)响(应)特性
bass response
低音响应; 低音特性曲线
biochemical response。
生化反应
booster response。
加速响应; 回忆应答
bounce response。
跳动响应
bright studio response。
演播室的亮度响应
camera spectral response。
摄象机光谱响应
cardioid polar response。
心形极座标响应
channel frequency response。
波道频率响应
chemotactic response。
趋化反应
chroma response。
色度(信号)响应
chrominance bandpass response。
彩色信号带通响应特性
command response。
命令响应
community response。
社会反应
complex response。
复合反应
complex frequency response。
复频响应
conditioned response。
条件反应; 制约反应
confirmatory response。
确认答应
constant-available-power response。
恒定有效功率反应
constant-current response。
恒定电流反应
constant-voltage response。
恒压响应
constructed response。
构答反应(程序教学用语)
contrast response。
对比度响应
control response。
调节作用
convergent response。
衰减响应
correlated response。
相关反应
counter response。
逆反应
coupler response。
耦合腔响应
covert response。
内隐反应(程序教学用语)
critical damping response。
临界阻尼响应
dead-beat response。
非周期响应, 无摆响应, 速示响应。
degrading impulse response。
递降脉冲响应
direct cortical response。
直接皮层反应
directional response。
指向性响应
dorsal light response。
背部光反应
duration response。
低频响应, 持续时间响应
dynamic response。
动态响应, 动力特性
dynamic roll response。
滚动扰动动力特性, 滚动运动频率特性。
dynamic system response。
动态系统频率特性, 动态系统的反应。
ecological response。
生态感应
electrodermal response。
皮肤电反应
empirical response。
经验反应
energy response。
能量特性, 动力特性
equimolar response。
等摩尔响应(值)
erythropoietic response。
红细胞生成反应
evoked response。
诱发反应
exciter response。
激励器响应(特性), 励磁机反应。
extensor response。
伸肌反应
external-device response。
外部设备响应
extraneous response。
外来响应
eye response
眼睛响应[反应]
fast response
快反应, 速动, 快响应
feedback response。
反馈响应
feedback-system transient response。
反馈系统瞬态响应
field frequency square wave response。
场频方波响应
flat response
平坦响应(曲线)
flat frequency response。
平坦的频率响应
flat top response。
平顶响应
flexor response。
屈肌反应
floating response。
无静差作用, 浮动响应
frame-to-frame response。
帧间响应
free field response。
自由场响应
frequency response。
频率特性[响应]
full power response。
最大功率输出频率特性
full scale response。
满刻度响应
galvanic skinresponse。
皮肤电反应
governing response。
调节响应, 调节冲量
grey-tone response。
灰度特性
ground state response。
基态响应
group delay response。
群时延响应
half tone response。
半色调响应特性
harmonic response。
谐波响应, 频率响应
harmonic frequency response。
谐频响应
head response
磁头频响
histopathological response。
组织病理学反应
human dynamic response。
人体动态响应
hydrophone response。
水下听音器响应
image response
象频响应
immune response。
免疫响应[反应]
implicit response。
暗含反应(程序教学用语)
impulse response。
脉冲响应(特性曲线)
impulse-forced response。
脉冲强迫响应
indicial response。
指数特性[响应], 单位阶跃响应。
inhibitor response。
抑制剂感应
initial condition response。
初始条件响应
interrupt response。
中断响应
jamming avoidance response。
避干扰反应
lateral response。
侧向干扰运动, 侧向运动频率特性。
line rate bar response。
行频条(信号)响应
linear waveform response。
线性波形响应
luminance transient response。
亮度瞬态响应
luminance-channel response。
亮度通道响应
luminosity response。
发光度响应, 亮度特性曲线
lysogenic response。
溶菌反应; 溶解反应
lytic response
裂解反应, 溶菌反应
mass-basis response。
质量(基础)响应
maximum flat response。
最大平坦响应曲线
mean-spherical response。
平均球面响应
mediation responses。
居中反应; 内在反应
microphone pressure response。
传声器声压响应
modulation frequency response。
调制频率响应
multiburst response。
多波群响应
multiple-choice response。
多项选择反应
narrow-band random response。
窄带随机响应
nonlinear response。
非线性响应, 非线性特性
non-uniform frequency response。
不均匀频率响应
normalized response。
规格[标准]化响应
omnidirectional response。
全向响应[应答]
open-loop frequency response。
开环频率响应
optimum response。
最佳反应
optokinetic response。
视动力反应
ordinal response。
顺序响应
orthotelephonic response。
正交电话响应
oscillatory response。
振荡响应
oscillatory response of mechanical model。
力学模型的振荡响应
overdamping response。
过阻尼响应
patterned responses。
(利用各种刺激引起的)预期反应。
peak response
最大灵敏度,峰值响应
peak area response。
峰面积响应(值)
peak height response。
峰高响应(值)
percent response。
响应度, 调制量响应
phase-shift response。
相移响应特性
phosphor colour response。
磷光体彩色响应, 荧光粉彩色响应。
photocathode response。
光(电)阴极响应
photoconductive response。
光(电)导响应
photopic response。
白昼视觉响应
physiological response。
生理反应
pick-up tube response。
摄象管响应
positional response of carbon microphone。
碳粒传声器倾斜角特性
prerupture response。
破坏前响应
projector power response。
射声器功率响应, 发送功率响应。
psychosensory response。
感觉心理反应
quantal response。
可数性反应
ramp function response。
倾斜函数响应
ramp-forced response。
斜坡驱动响应
random response。
无规则的响应度
receiver response。
受话器响应
record current response。
录制电流频率响应 recording/reproducing/amplitude/。
frequency response。
录放幅频响应
recruiting response。
募集反应
red response
红色(信号)响应
reflex response。
反射性反应
relative response。
相对灵敏度[响应]
relative area response。
相对面积响应(值)
relative molar response。
相对摩尔响应(值)
reproducing frequency response。
放音频率响应
residual response。
剩余响应
resilient response。
弹性反应
resolution response。
分解力响应, 分辨率, 析象系数。
reverberation response。
混响响应
rheological response。
流变响应
rise time response。
上升时间响应
scintillation response。
闪烁效应
scope response
示波器[显示器]响应
secondary immune response。
二次免疫应答, 再次免疫应答
selected response。
(程序教学用语)选择反应
sense response
读出响应, 检测响应
sine wave response。
正弦波响应
sine-squared pulse response。
正弦平方脉冲响应
single peak response。
单峰响应
single-frequency sine-wave response。
单频率正弦波响应
sinusoidal response。
正弦响应, 正弦特性曲线
skirt response
边缘响应
spatial frequency response。
空间频率响应
spectral response。
光谱[频谱]响应, 光谱灵敏度。
spectral response of image orthicon。
超正析摄象管的光谱响应
spectral response of stripe filter。
条状滤色片的光谱特性
spectral sensitivity response。
光谱[频谱]灵敏度特性(曲线)。
spurious response。
(接收机)乱真信号响应
square-law response。
平方律特性
square-wave response。
矩形波响应, 方波响应
standard luminance response。
标准发光率响应
startle response。
吃惊反应
steady-state response。
稳定态(反应)特性; 稳定态灵敏度。
step response
瞬态特性, 过渡特性; 阶跃响应。
step function response。
阶跃函数响应
step function transient response。
阶跃函数瞬态特性
step-forced response。
阶扰响应
subharmonic response。
分谐波响应
sucking response。
吮吸反应
superficial response。
浅反应
superharmonic response。
超谐波响应度
system transient output response。
系统干扰性,系统频率特性,动态系统的反应;瞬变过程。
system's transient response。
系统的瞬态响应
tapping response。
叩抚反应
target response。
目标响应
television transient response。
电视瞬态响应
thermal imaging response。
热成象响应
time response
时间反应[响应]; 时间反应特性, 时间特性。
time domain response。
时域响应
total response
总(频率) 响应
transient response。
过渡反应;瞬时[瞬态]反应;瞬时反应特性,瞬时特性。
transmission response。
传输响应
transmitting power response。
(电声换能器)发射功率响应
traumatic response。
伤反应
trichromaticresponse。
三色响应(特性曲线); 混色曲线。
unbalance response。
不平衡反应, 不平衡特性
unconditioned response。
非条件[无条件]反应
unconscious response。
无意识的响应
underdamping response。
欠阻尼响应
unit function response。
单位阶跃函数响应
unit-impulse response。
单位脉冲响应
unit-step response。
单位阶跃响应, 指数响应
unwanted response。
非灵敏度
vaccinoid response。
(种痘)加速反应
vacuum response。
真空反应, 无刺激反应
ventral light response。
腹侧光反应
vertical frequency response。
垂直频率响应
video response
视频响应
video output transient response。
视频输出瞬态响应[特性]
viscoelastic response。
粘弹响应
waveform response。
波形响应
wavelength response。
波长响应
weal and flare response。
【免疫】风团及潮红应答
wound response
伤应
write response
写入响应
zero input response。
零输入响应
zero state response。
零状态响应
response
re.sponse
AHD:[r¹-sp¼ns“] 。
D.J.[r!6spKns]
K.K.[r!6sp$ns]
n.
The act of responding.。
A reply or an answer.。
A reaction, as that of an organism or a mechanism, to a specific stimulus.。
Abbr. REcclesiastical Something that is spoken or sung by a congregation or choir in answer to the officiating minister or priest.。
A responsory.
Middle English respons 。
from Old French 。
from Latin resp½m [from neuter past participle of] respond¶re [to respond] * see respond。