1.首先你混淆了两个概念:评注性状语和悬垂分词。
2.评注性状语有时被叫做插入语,如to tell the truth, generally speaking等。
3.悬垂分词是分词的一种特别现象,实际上是分词的错误使用现象。因为分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。否则就要在分词前保留主语构成“独立主格结构”。如果分词的主语不是主句的逻辑主语,那么在中学阶段被认为是错误,而在高级英语语法中被认为是“悬垂分词”。
4.你的问题具体要看句子或语境。如果主句主语与allow构成主谓关系,即allow的主语就是主句的主语,就不叫悬垂分词。请看下面的句子:
Allowing for inflation,the cost of the project is $2million.考虑到通货膨胀因素,这个项目的费用为200万元。
由于allowing for的主语不是后面的the cost of the project,因此是悬垂分词。
这个词相当于“judging from”,常作状语,没有judged from 的形式。这种结构在英语长期发展中,已经变成类似介词一样使用了。例如“including”
11.1B 评注性状语的种类和意义。
评注性状语通常位于句首,间或也可位于句中或句尾。评注性状语在口语中自成一个语调组(Tone Unit);在书写中常用逗号与句子隔开。例如:
Really,the students worked very hard last term.。
真的,学生们上学期学习很用功。
The students worked very hard last term,really.学生们上学期学习很用功,真的。
Generally speaking,the questions were not very difficult.。
一般说来,这些问题并不很难。
The questions,generally speaking,are not very difficult.。
这些问题,一般说来,并不很难。
评注性状语按语义可分为“方式评注性状语”(Style Disjunct)和“态度评注性状语”(Attitudinal Disjunct)。方式评注性状语表示说话人讲话的方式,如seriously,frankly,literally,specifically,general-ly,broadly,honestly,confidentially,truly,truthfully,briefly,paren-thetically,relatively,personally,candidly,flatly,crudely,bluntly,simply,metaphorically,strictly,paradoxically等。例如:
Seriously,I've given up my job.说真的,我已经辞去了我的工作。
Confidentially,she is very stupid.私下说说,她很愚蠢。
Frankly,I don't like him.坦白地说,我不喜欢他。
Honestly,Mr Jones reported our story.真的,琼斯先生报导了我们的新闻。
Personally,I approved of the idea.就我个人而言,我赞成这个打算。
Generally,the two writers were against any censorship.总的来说,这两个作家都反对检查制度。
Briefly,there are too many people and too little food.。
总而言之,人太多了,食品太少了。
And as California goes today,so goes the nation tomorrow and,parenthetically,so may go the rest of the world ten to twenty years hence.。
今天加州如此,明天全美国也会如此,顺带说一下,一二十年后世界其他地方也都会如此。
What does it give you?Quite simply,it gives you faster,more efficient internal communications.。
这给人们带来什么好处呢?很简单,这会使人们享有更便捷、更有效率的国内交通。
方式评注性状语除由各种副词表示外,还可采取其他结构形式。
以flankly为例,相应的结构就有in(all) frankness,to be frank,to speak frankly,to put it frankly,frankly speaking,putting it frankly,put frankly,if I may be frank,if I can put it frankly,if I can speak frankly 等。例如:In all frankness,he disagrees with you.坦白地说,他不同意你的意见。
To be frank,you need a great deal of courage.坦白地说,你要有很大勇气。
Put frankly,it is not the thing to say.恕我直说吧,那不是该说的事情。
If I may be frank,I'll tell you the whole story.坦白地说,我愿意向你交底。
态度评注性状语表示说话人对话语的态度,这又可分为若干小类:比如表示话语可靠性的程度有probably,apparently,evident-ly,obviously,plainly,conceivably,possibly,presumably,arguably等等。例如:Obviously,he was tired of administrative work.。
显然,他是不想干行政工作了。
Apparently,he knew the town well.。
显然,他很熟悉这个城市。
Presumably,they have sold their house.。
他们大概已经把房子卖了。
Conceivably,that is an inspired question.。
可以想象,那是经人授意而提出的问题。
表示“确定”的评注性状语有certainly,surely,admittedly,allegedly,undoubtedly,definitely,incontestably,unarguably,clearly等等。例如:
Certainly,your children disliked me.。
肯定地说,你的孩子不喜欢我。
Surely,you have saved some money?
谅必你已经攒了一些钱了吧?
Undoubtedly,he is more intelligent than his brother.。
肯定地说,他比他的兄弟聪明。
Admittedly,I had no right to be there,but I had lost my way.。
无可否认,我没有权利呆在那里,但我是迷路了。
表示惊讶、迷惘、失望、安慰、谅解、遗憾等感情的评注性状语有amazingly,astonishingly,astoundingly,bewilderingly,surprisingly,dis-appointingly,annoyingly,comfortingly,amusingly,understandably,re-grettably,strangely,curiously等等。例如:
Surprisingly,he ate a lot.令人惊奇的是,他食量很大。
Curiously,the students seemed to know the questions already.。
奇怪的是,学生们似乎已经知道了题目。
Understandably,no patriot wants to fall into disrepute.。
可以理解,没有哪个爱国人士甘心声名扫地。
Regrettably,he had forgotten all his promises.。
令人遗憾的是,他竟忘了他的一切承诺。
Annoyingly for his father,John failed the exam several times.。
令他父亲烦恼的是,约翰连续几次考试失败。
Amusingly,he did not explain his position to me.。
有趣的是,他没有向我说明他的立场。
表示悲伤、高兴、希望、感谢、幸运等感情的评注性状语有sadly,happily,thankfully,hopefully,unhappily,forunately,luckily,unfortu-nately,unluckily等等。例如:
Unhappily,he went home without leave.。
令人不快的是,他未经请假就回家了。
Luckily,she was not hurt in the accident.。
幸运的是,她在事故中没有受伤。
Fortunately,he passed the exam and was admitted to college.。
幸运的是,他通过了考试,进了大学。
Thankfully,everyone returned to the camp safe and sound.。
谢天谢地,人人回到营地,平安无事。
Hopefully,the two sides may come to an agreement on this issue.。
如果顺利的话,双方可望在这个问题上达成协议。
表示正确、错误、聪明、愚蠢等意义的评注性状语有rightly,correctly,cleverly,wisely,incorrectly,wrongly,foolishly,unwisely,absurdly,preposterously,unreasonably,unjustly等等。例如:
Rightly,the judge received praise for his decision.。
当然,那法官因其决定而受到赞扬。
You telephoned the police station first,quite rightly.。
你首先打电话报警,很对。
Wisely,he answered the soldiers'questions foolishly when he was captured.他被捉时,装疯卖傻回答大兵的问题,这点做得很聪明。
Not unreasonably,he protested strongly against it.。
他对此强烈抗议,那是不无道理的。
Foolishly,the girl did not ask your name.那姑娘竟然没有问你姓名,太蠢了。
表示寻常、罕见等意义的评注性状语有conventionally,rarely,tradi-tionally,(not)unusually等等。例如:
Rarely,very rarely,the master would admit defeat.。
那位大师竟也承认失败,难得啊,很难得啊。
Traditionally,second-hand car prices drop in the autumn and rise in the spring.。
按照惯例,二手汽车通常在秋季降价,春季涨价。
还有一种连接手段有时也叫“状语”——“连接性状语”,又叫“连接性附加语”(Conjunct),通常由连接性副词及其他语法结构表示。它在句子或分句之间起连接上下文的作用,而不起修饰作用,所以本章暂不讨论这个问题,留在下一章讲连句手段时再作系统介绍。
什么是“垂悬分词”?如何使用?
一般的分词(短语)有意义上的逻辑主语,它或是句子的主语,或者另有自己的主语,如果没有,就称这种分词为“悬垂分词”,这样的句子一般认为是不能接受或错误的。
【例如】
※Looking out of the window of our hotel room, there are lots of mountains.(这句话听起来好象是那些山从窗户往外看。)。
※Admired by everybody, dozens of letters reached the veteran soldier.(这句话听起来好象是信件被赞扬。)。
※Sitting under an apple tree one night, an idea came to Newton.。
(这句话听上去好象是某种思想坐在树下。)关于“悬垂分词”这条语法规则也有例外情况。下面几种情况中的分词(短语),不再认为它们是“悬垂分词”,即句子是正确的。1)有些分词(短语)可用来表示说话人的态度,看问题的角度,或者对所叙述的情况进行解释,它们便成了句子的独立成分,其逻辑主语也就不再是句子的主语。
【例如】
Strictly speaking, nobody is allowed in here.严格地讲,谁也不允许在这儿。(speaking的逻辑主语并不是nobody)Judging from his accent, he must be from the South.从他的口音判断,他一定是南方人。(这句中不是he在“判断”)Taken as a whole, there is nothing with the book.总的来说,这本书没有问题。Taking all thingssintosconsideration, his work is a successful one.全面考虑起来,他的工作还是很成功的。经常这样用的分词(分词词组)有:frankly (broadly, generally, properly, strictly…) speaking, judging from(by)…,talking about…,speaking of…,looking at…,taking…into consideration, put frankly, taken…等。
2)这样使用的有些分词,在句子中逐渐起到连词或介词的作用,便把它们视为连词或介词。
【例如】
Granting that he had the best intention, his conduct might work great mischief.就算他出于好意,他的行为也会引起极大不快。There were ten people in the room, including me.屋子里有十个人,包括我在内。Provided that my expenses are paid, I will go.要是我的费用有人代付,我就去。经常这样使用的分词有:admitting (that), assuming (that), barring, concerning, presuming, granting, pending, excepting, failing, saving, supposing (that), touching, given, granted, provided(that)等。
3)某些句子中作状语的分词的逻辑主语虽然不是句子的主语,但可能是句中的另外某一成分,对这样的句子也不再认为是“悬垂分词”。
【例如】
Seeing her health sinking rapidly, alarm clutched the father's heart.。
她父亲看到她健康迅速恶化,很是惊慌。
(分词seeing的逻辑主语当然不是alarm,但它包含在宾语heart的定语father's之中。)His summer holidays were spent in the countryside, helping his father with farm work.他在乡下过暑假,帮助父亲干农活。(分词helping的逻辑主语包含在主语holidays的定语his之中)以上句子之所以能被接受,是因为它们能清楚表达意思,不会引起误解,如第一句中alarm是抽象名词,不会误解为seeing的逻辑主语;第二句中主语holidays是无生命的名词,不可能误解为helping的逻辑主语。
4)如果句子谓语是被动语态,分词的逻辑主语可以包含在by后面的动作执行者之中(有时这个执行者并未明确表示出来)。这样的句子也可以被接受,而非“悬垂分词”。
【例如】
Ideas can be expressed accurately and effectively, using simple sentences.。
用简单的句子可以准确有力地表达思想。Knowing as much as you do, the situation is easily explained.像你这样了解情况,很容易解释这一形势。以上两句中的分词using和knowing的逻辑主语当然不是它们句子的主语ideas和 situation,而是没有明确表达出来的express和explain两个动作的执行者。
无主垂悬分词
一般来讲,分词或分词短语在句子中充当状语时,其逻辑主语与句子主语一致,如:Opening the drawer he took out a revolver.其中opening的逻辑主语是句子主语he。当分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,则应将分词的逻辑主语补出来,如:George yawning,the conversation dropped.这种分词结构被称作独立主格结构。
但有时我们遇到这种情况:分词的主语既不与句子主语一致,分词本身又非独立主格结构,如:
Going up the hill,the statue of Lincoln struck my eye.在登上山的当儿,林肯的雕像十分引我注目。
Tired but happy,the bus whisked us home.我们虽然疲乏,但很高兴,公共汽车飞快地把我们送到了家。
这种分词在语法上被称作垂悬分词(dangling participle),也叫无依着分词。垂悬分词从起源上来说,是语言的错误使用(performance error),即将分词的主语与句子的主语错误联系,从而产生垂悬分词,所以有人又叫它错关联分词(misrelated participle)。
垂悬分词通常出现在句子开头或接近开头的位置,与句子中的其它成分不产生必要的句法关系,特别是它与句子主语无逻辑关系。鉴于这种特点,垂悬分词别名为:独立分词(absolute participle)或孤立分词(isolated participle)。
垂悬分词多数为现在分词,少数为过去分词。下文将从使用场合和情况对垂悬分词进行分类、归纳和总结。
1.当分词主语是不定人称时,如:
When dining in the restaurant,a jacket and tie are required. 。
2.当分词的主语是表示时间、天气、自然现象等的无人称代词it时,如:
Being Christmas,the government offices were closed. 。
3.当分词的暗含主语是句子的整体时,如:
The siren sounded,indicating that the air-raid was over. 。
Unknown to his closest advisers,he had secretly negotiated with an enemy emissary. 。
4.在正式科技文章中,分词前常常带有连词,其主语通常与I,we,you等同,如:
When installing a boiler,the floor space which is available is very important. 。
When treating patients with language retardation and deviation of language development,the therapy consists,in part,of discus- sions of the patients'problems with patients and teachers,with subsequent language teaching carried out by them. 。
5.垂悬分词最常见于方式分离状语(style disjunct),表明说话人对所说的话的方式、条件以 及说话人的态度或看法,这种用法可细分为以下几种情况:
a.说话者用垂悬分词引出话题,如:talking of,getting back to,coming to等,意思为"谈 到……,关于……,回到……"等,请看例句:
Getting back to our story,the princess was killed. 。
Coming to this question,Isayno. 。
垂悬分词表明说话者的说话方式,如:putting it mildly,frankly speaking,generally speaking,roughly speaking,broadly speaking,biologically speaking等,请看例句:
Putting it mildly,you have caused us some inconvenience. 。
Generally speaking,dogs are more faithful to men than cats. 。
c.有些垂悬分词或词组表明说话的依据或视角,如:judging from,according to,considering,viewing it from,seeing,例如:
Judging from his exdivssion,he is in a bad mood. 。
According to Barthes,the author had died. 。
Considering the low price,the car is worth buying. 。
d.有些垂悬分词或词组还为说话者所说内容的成立提供条件,如:providing(that), provided(that),supposing,given,意思为"if或 with",wanting和failing意思为"without"。例如:
Provided that a film entertains,few people care about its other merits. 。
Given prudence and patience,anybody can achieve something. 。
Supposing this to be true,he is certainly the murderer. 。
e.表示转折性的 垂悬分词或词组有:admitting that,allowed that,allowing for,considering(that),assuming that,seeing that,granting that,granted that,notwithstanding,请看例句:
Allowing for(=Considering)the deficiencies,the show is a success. 。
Granted(=Granting)that you are right, you should not get angry. 。
Admitting(=Assuming =Allowing)that he is drunk,that is no excuse. 。
f.有些垂悬分词或词组还可以表明说话者所说内容有无例外情况, 如:barring,bating,excepting,excepted,saving that,意思为"除了……";including,counting,settingaside, leaving...to one side,意思为"包括;除了……还有……"等,请看例句:
Barring(=bating)this point,I agree with you. 。
There are fifteen students countingme. 。
Setting aside the question of capital,this business has many other problems. 。
从以上列举的垂悬分词,我们可以得到一个总体印象:垂悬分词虽然在产生之初为错误联系使用所致,但一旦被言语社团成员所接受,便成为正确英语;由于其产生的特殊性,及其使用场合的有限性,垂悬分词与一般分词相比灵活程度差一些,也就是说,垂悬分词的表达及用途相对固定。甚至于有些垂悬分词词组已被很多词典编撰者当作固定词组来看待,如上文中的generally speaking, frankly speaking,judging from ,com ing to details等。另外,从词性角度来看,有些垂悬分词已不再被看作是分词,失去了动词的本性,已演变成介词或连词。被当作介词看待的垂悬分词有:
considering,counting,including,barring,bating,excepting,excepted, concerning,regarding,respecting,touching, wanting,failing,pending,saving等等,例如:
Considering its cost,this machine is not worth buying. 。
He asked me questions concerning my health. 。
Pending a report from Rancy,we'll pro- ceed as planned. 。
I know nothing respecting that girl. 。
已变成连词的 垂悬分词 有:providing(that),provided(that),saving,notwithstanding,seeing,considering,granting, granted,adm itting,assum ing,allowing,supposing等等。例句:
He was prudent notwithstanding that he was young. 。
Granting that he has made a mistake,he is not to blame. 。
总之,垂悬分词与一般分词不一样,是一种超常规的语言现象,但其用途与形式相对固定,应引起我们足够的重视。正因为垂悬分词的使用场合及数量相对有限,英语学习者一方面要学会理解并掌握这一超常语言现象,另一方面切记不要将其它一般分词(遵循主谓一致原则)模仿垂悬分词使用,因为毕竟垂悬分词的产生源于错误联系,违反了主谓一致原则。
accented characters。
['æksentɪd [ˈkæriktəs]]。
[计][WIN]重音字符
【逐词讲解】
accented
音节划分:ac▪cent▪ed。
生词本
英 [ˈæksentɪd]
adj.带…腔调的;带…口音的。
双语例句
1. "Don't do that," he says in his soft, accented voice. 。
“别那么做,”他带着口音轻声细气地说道。
来自柯林斯例句
2. I spoke rather good, but heavily accented English. 。
我的英语说得不错,但是口音很重。
来自柯林斯例句
3. He spoke heavily accented English. 。
他说英语带有浓重的异国口音。
来自《权威词典》
4. The first syllable should be accented. 。
第一音节应当重读.
来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
5. Her tan from working outdoors in shorts and midriff tops accented the whole outfit. 。
她平时穿着短裤短衫在田间劳动而晒黑了的皮肤衬托得全套服饰更加鲜亮.。
来自英汉文学 - 廊桥遗梦
查看更多例句>>
柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典
characters
去背诵
英 ['kærɪktəz]美 ['kærɪktɚz]。
n.[计] 字符; (令人讨厌的或古怪的)人( character的名词复数 ); 特征; 品质; 人物。
双语例句
1. He reported that two suspicious-looking characters had approached Callendar. 。
他报告说两个形迹可疑的人曾跟卡伦德接触过。
来自柯林斯例句
2. The cast of characters in the scandal is bewilderingly large. 。
卷入丑闻的人多得让人眼花缭乱。
来自柯林斯例句
3. I found the characters very two-dimensional, not to say dull. 。
我觉得那些人物形象即使不说是乏味无聊,至少也是毫无深度。
来自柯林斯例句
4. The book follows four characters, loosely based on my uncles. 。
该书描述了4个角色,大致上以我的几个叔叔为原型。
来自柯林斯例句
5. Bragg weaves together the histories of his main characters. 。
布拉格把他主要人物的身世都串在一起。
来自柯林斯例句
请采纳~
American culture 。
The main content of American culture is the emphasize on individuals' value, the pursue of democracy and freedom, the promotion of deploitation(开拓, 经营) and competition and the need of realistic and practicality. Its core is individualism: self first, personal need first, pursue of individual benefit and enjoyment, emphasize on achieving individual value by self-strive and self-design. This type of intentionally build up of personality and pursue customized individualism has its pros and cons, it gives incentives to people and make them exert on their potential and wisdom and as a result accelerate the development of the entire race and nation; on the other hand it is difficult to keep good relationship among people if everyone is egocentric thus make the entire society lack of unity. 。
American citizens emphasize on achievements and respect heroes. They have great sense in their hearts to praise success and heroes. Personal achievements are one of those with the highest value in Americans mind. Americans have very strong senses of success. Success is the pursuit of most Americans, it is their attractive future and the incentives for moving forward. They believe that one's personal value is equivalent to his achievements in his career. Some high achievers in their career such as entrepreneurs, scientists, artists and all kinds of super starts became modern heroes. The process and result of how they strived have become the frame of reference of social culture value and the real life text book for parents to educate their children. 。
American society has great movements within itself. These movements are shown in two aspects: movements amongst locations and movements inside the society. The United States are relatively more open and have more freedom. Developed transport and the tradition of adventure and sporty makes a lot of American migrate from countryside to cities, from downtown to uptown; and from north to the southern sunny land, from one city to another. Unlike European countries, the social classes in America is not so stable. Further more, with the advocation of public education, movements upwards along the social ladder have become possible. Many people living in the states, no matter whether they are Native American or immigrants from overseas, have the same dream of changing their social class and make their lifetime dream come true through their own efforts. This is what they often called "American dream". 。
美国文化的主要内容是强调个人价值,追求民主自由,崇尚开拓和竞争,讲求理性和实用,其核心是个人中心主义:个人至上、私欲至上、追求个人利益和个人享受,强调通过个人奋斗、个人自我设计,追求个人价值的最终实现。这种刻意塑造自我,追求个性化的个人主义有其积极的一面,也有消极的一面。它调动了个人的积极性,使许多人的智慧和潜力得以充分发挥,从而促进整个民族与国家的振兴和发展。然而,人人以我为中心,人际关系就难以融洽,整个社会也会缺乏凝聚力。
美国公众注重成就,仰慕英雄,有深厚的成就崇拜和英雄崇拜的心理积淀。个人成就是所有美国人价值观中评价最高的价值之一。美国人有很强的成就(或成功)意识。成功是所有美国人的追求,是诱人的前景,前进的动力。他们坚信,一个人的价值就等于他在事业上的成就。一些事业有成的企业家、科学家、艺术家和各类明星,成了新时代的英雄。他们个人奋斗的过程和结果,成了社会文化价值取向的参照系,父母教育子女的活教材。
美国是流动性很大的社会。这种流动体现在两个方面:地域性流动和社会性流动。美国相对的开放自由、发达的交通和冒险好动的传统使许多美国人从乡村流到城市,又从市中心流向郊区;从北方流到南方阳光地带,从一个城市流到另一个城市。美国社会阶级不像欧洲国家那样固定,加上公共教育的普及,使沿着社会阶梯向上流动成为可能。许多生活在美国的人,无论是土生土长的美国人,还是漂洋过海来到美国的外国移民,都有一个梦,即通过自己的努力,改变自己的社会地位,实现自己的人生梦想,这就是人们常津津乐道的“美国梦”。
COOL JAPAN:酷日本
一般所说COOLJAPAN,指的是『COOLJAPAN基金』,2013年开始疯狂的海外并购,2019年成为M国的『Sentai Holdings』的「大股东」,一下引爆了「动漫圈」,而今在『COOLJAPAN基金』又称作「霓虹海外需求开拓支援机构」,是一个至今持续了7年,通过海外并购,构建霓虹主导的产业链,现在欧美很多多家已经被这个「COOLJAPAN基金」渗入了,或许这对双方而言并非坏事,毕竟一方求的是未来「全世界的『动漫』布局」,而另一方获得更多的『资金』让自己变得更加「强大」…… …… …… …… 「投资」很多时候和「联姻」很相似,好则双方全好,坏则双方全坏,简单而言,利益共同体。
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为什么安倍成为霓虹首相后,霓虹的「海外投资」会变得如此疯狂?
因为,这是安倍「三支箭」中的其中一环……