reinforcing-60

小弟现在做毕业设计 急需尼龙11软管方面的英文资料 请大家帮帮忙 谢谢了

reinforce 英[ˌri:ɪnˈfɔ:s] 美[ˌri:ɪnˈfɔ:rs] 。

vt. 加固; 强化; 增援; 。

vi. 求援; 得到增援; 给予更多的支持; 。

n. 加强; 加固物; 加固材料; 。

[例句]Inspired by suspension bridge, the wire cable is used to reinforce the wide and flat reinforced concrete beam.。

受悬索桥启发，利用钢丝绳索加固钢筋混凝土宽扁梁是在特殊条件和环境下的一种尝试。

[其他] 第三人称单数：reinforces 现在分词：reinforcing 过去式：reinforced过去分词：reinforced 。

-------------如有帮助请采纳， 如需帮助可追问，谢谢。

请问炭黑尾气的特性是？谢谢！！！！！！！！！！

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION。

Air brake systems are frequently employed for heavy-duty vehicles such as tractor trailers and the like. In such systems, the brake system is activated by pressurized air transported through tubing. Metal tubing, of course, can be employed. However, generally nylon tubing is used and in many applications, reinforced nylon tubing is required. By industry standards, reinforced nylon tubing must include an inner nylon layer and an outer nylon layer with an intermediate polyester or nylon reinforcing layer. This tubing is designed to operate at a maximum pressure of 150 psi over a wide temperature range i.e. -40° C. to 90° C. The test requirements are even more strenuous requiring the tubing to withstand 150 psi pressure at temperatures from -40° C. up to 110° C.。

In the past, such polyester reinforced nylon tubing has performed quite well. It meets the minimum requirements with respect to temperature and pressure and generally exceeds these. In certain applications, it may be desirable to further broaden the temperature characteristics of such tubing. Further nylon itself is relatively expensive. High density polyethylene (HDPE) on the other hand has a very good temperature range and is significantly less expensive than nylon. Nylon has been utilized for an extended period of time in automotive and trucking applications and therefore it's characteristics with respect to fuel stability and the like are well known. Therefore air brake tubing still requires that the inner and outer layers be nylon.。

If one were to simply utilize a layer of high density polyethylene within the reinforced nylon brake tubing, in turn reducing the amount of nylon, the formed product will tend to delaminate if repeatedly subjected to high pressures. In effect, stress cracking occurs where the polyester strands cross and contact the HDPE layer.。

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION。

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a laminated, reinforced tubing which does not delaminate. Further, it is an object of the present invention to provide such a laminated air brake tubing that has improved low temperature characteristics. Further, it is an object of the present invention to provide such a laminated tubing utilizing layer of a polyolefin preferably high density polyethylene, HDPE.。

The present invention is premised on the realization that such a tubing can be formed wherein any polyolefin layer adjacent the reinforcing layer is cross-linked. Preferably, according to the present invention, such a laminated tubing includes an inner layer of nylon, an intermediate cross-linked HDPE layer, a braided polyester layer, and an outer nylon。

layer.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the laminated tubing includes two layers of cross-linked HDPE, one on either side of the polyester braiding. In turn the nylon layers include stabilizing agents to prevent radiation induced degradation.。

The objects and advantages of the present invention will be further appreciated in light of the following detailed descriptions and drawing in which:。

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS。

FIG. 1 is a fragmentary prospective view of air brake tubing made according to the present invention.。

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken at lines 2--2 of FIG. 1.。

DETAILED DESCRIPTION。

As shown in the drawings, the present invention is an air brake tubing 11 which has a central inner passageway 12 having a diameter generally from about 0.251 to about 0.556 inches. Tubing 11 has an inner nylon layer 14 and an outer nylon layer 15 with a central layer of fiber reinforcement or braiding 16.。

Tubing 11 further includes a first layer 18 of polyolefin which has a thickness of about 0.024 to 0.039 inches. Generally for brake tubing the polyolefin will be high density polyethylene. However, for other applications, low density polyethylene, polypropylene or polybutylene may be employed. This is bonded to the outer surface 17 of inner nylon layer 14.。

A second layer 26 of polyolefin again preferably HDPE is located between braiding 16 and outer nylon layer 15. Only one layer of polyolefin is required. However the two layers 18 and 26 are preferred.。

Both inner and outer nylon layers have a thickness of about 0.005 to about 0.010. Likewise, for brake tubing applications both layers of polyolefin have a thickness of about 0.024 to about 0.039 inches.。

The nylon layers are generally formed from nylon 11 or nylon 12. Commercially available plasticized polyamide such as plasticized nylon 11 (ELF ATOCHEM Brand RILSAN BNSO P40TL) or plasticized nylon 12 (EMSER brand GRILAMID L25W40NZ) can be utilized in the invention. In addition alloys of nylon 11 and/or nylon 12 can be employed. These alloys, include nylon blended together with less than 50% by weight of a compatible polymer such as high density polyethylene. Hereinafter the term nylon is intended to include both 100% nylon as well as comparably performing nylon blends or alloys.。

HDPE is generally cross-linked through a free radical mechanism. These free radicals can be initiated by various mechanisms such as radiation or peroxides or the like. Generally the HDPE is purchased with the desired cure package.。

In one embodiment the polyolefin will be radiation crosslinked. Therefore stabilizers, such as polymeric hindered amines available from Cytec Industries are preferably added to the polyamide composite. Preferably from about 0.5% to about 1.0% of the stabilizers are added to the composite in order to inhibit degradation of the polyamide during irradiation. Other suitable stabilizers beside the hindered amines are hindered phenolics. If other modes of crosslinking are employed the stabilizers may not be required.。

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polyolefin layer will be high density polyethylene as well as comparably performing nylon/polyethylene blends or alloys. Generally, the nylon content of any polyethylene blend can be up to about 50% by weight. The high density polyethylene has a density of about 0.94 to about 0.96 and a melt index of 0.01-3.0. It may include suitable stabilizers, processing aids and the like which are typically added to polyethylene. Further, the polyethylene can include a compatibilizing agent to enhance the bonding between the polyamide and the polyethylene layers. A suitable compatibilizing agent is maleic anhydride modified polyolefin.。

Preferably the high density polyethylene utilized in the present invention includes from about 40 to 98% high density polyethylene from about 1 to 30% compatibilizing agent and from about 0.05 to about 5% stabilizer or concentrate (e.g., a concentrate with 30-40% stabilizer) and an effective amount of a desired cure promoter. Preferred high density polyethylenes are sold by Exxon Chemical under the name Escorene HD9856B. A suitable compatibilizing agent is Uniroyal's Polybond brand 3009 which has up to 1% maleic anhydride grafted onto high density polyethylene. The stabilizer is about 30 to 99% high density polyethylene combined with 0.5 to 70% of an antioxidant or blend of antioxidants such as Irganox 1010 supplied by CIBA Specialty Chemicals. The cure promoter can be any cure promoter typically employed for the selected polyolefin. One preferred curing mechanism is radiation cross linking. If this cure mechanism is employed the polyolefin will include 0.5 to 10% of a radiation cure promoter such as Sartomer SR 350 which is a trimethylol propane-trimethacrylate. Heat activated curing agents can also be employed but are less preferred.。

Preferably, the stabilizer concentrate consists of:。

______________________________________。

HDPE-LR7320 86.5%。

Antioxidant - Vanax .RTM. ZMTI。

7.5%。

Antioxidant - Irganox .RTM. 1010。

5.0%。

Cure Promoter - Sartomer SR350。

1.0%。

______________________________________。

These components are dry blended together and then extruded to form the high density polyethylene layers.。

The reinforcing or braiding layer is generally formed from strands of polymeric fibers and preferably polyester fibers. These should have a weight of 500-1000 denier, with 840 denier being preferred. Commercially available polyester fiber is sold by Hoechst Cellanese under the designation 500 denier and 840/70/VAR.。

To form the tubing 11 of the present invention, the inner nylon tube 14 is coextruded along with the polyolefin or high density polyethylene layer 18. The melt temperature of the nylon extruder should be 440° F. to about 460° F. preferably 450° F. The melt temperature of the polyethylene extruder which is preferably a 21/2 inch single screw extruder is 400° F. to 450° F., preferably 420° F.。

The braiding 16 is then applied over the polyolefin layer 18 by passing the two layer extruded tubing through a braider or fiber reinforcing apparatus. The reinforcing material may be braided, knitted, or spirally wrapped wherein one strand of the material is applied in a pitch to one direction and another strand is applied over the first with a pitch to the opposite direction. The braider is preferably a counter rotating fiber reinforcing device or may be any suitable and known conventional braiders. Preferably the braided layer 16 is applied with 6 total bobbins of fiber applied from 2 to 5 pics per inch, preferably 3 pics per inch.。

Once the braiding is applied, the outer two layers are coextruded over the inner tubing in the same manner as the inner two layers at the same temperatures. This can then be passed through a cooling bath. The resulting extruded product has an outer diameter of about 0.125 to about 0.75 inches.。

The formed tube is then cross-linked. The presently preferred method of affecting cross-linking of the components of the multi-layer hose is by exposure to high energy electrons. Any suitable source of high energy electrons such as an insulating core transformer, a resonant transformer or a linear accelerator can be used to provide the high energy electrons. The physical properties of the hose are usually improved sufficiently with a dosage of 5-20 megarads. However, seldom will it be necessary to expose the components of the hose to a total dosage of more than 10 megarads. It is preferred that the required dosage be effected in one exposure but repeated exposures can be made until the desired total dosage has been obtained. Again other cure mechanisms can be employed such as peroxides and the like.。

As shown more specifically in the Examples below, cross-linking improves the high temperature resistance of the polyethylene layer (see hot creep data set forth in Examples 1-2). Moreover, curing also improves adhesion by 20% between the relatively thin polyamide layers and thicker polyethylene layers. Accordingly, the air brake tubing of the invention exhibits excellent bonding properties for long periods of use.。

The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples in which the parts of the specific ingredients are by weight (pbw). It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the examples, and various changes and modifications may be made in the invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.。

EXAMPLES

Example 1

Radiation Cross-Linkable HDPE's。

The percentage of creep elongation and percentage of gel formation of a number of high density polyethylene compositions were evaluated at different radiation levels. The creep experiments were performed at 150° C. with a 29 psi uniaxial stress in an oven. The total creep elongation was measured after 15 minutes under a constant stress. In addition, the percent gel was determined by solvent extraction by ASTM D2765 test method. The results of these analysis are set forth below.。

______________________________________。

Radiation Level Hot Creep。

Material

(Mrads) % Gel Elongation (%)。

______________________________________。

EB-01 0.0 0.0 N/A。

5.0 44.9 225.0。

7.5 57.9 110.0。

10.0 69.7 55.0。

15.0 80.9 35.0。

EB-02 0.0 0.0 N/A。

5.0 63.1 102.5。

7.5 64.9 65.0。

10.0 73.0 37.5。

15.0 79.3 27.5。

EB-03 0.0 0.0 N/A。

5.0 62.9 95.0。

7.5 64.9 60.0。

10.0 75.5 25.0。

15.0 78.4 22.5。

______________________________________。

N/A = Specimen Melted。

Creep experiments performed for 15 min. at 150° C. with 29 psi。

uniaxial stress。

Percent gel determined by solvent extraction。

EB01 = 89% HDPE, 10% Polybond, 1% AO Package。

EB02 = 88% HDPE, 10% Polybond, 1% AO Package, 1% SR350。

EB03 = 87% HDPE, 10% Polybond, 1% AO Package, 2% SR350。

AO package = 5 parts Irganox 1010, 4 parts Agerite MA, 1 part DSTDP。

The data indicates that the higher the radiation level, the higher percent gel or the lower hot creep elongation. Percent gel relates to the cure level in the samples.。

Example 2

Percent Gel

Tubes of Nylon 11/HDPE/Nylon 11 were made using the invention. The percent gel and swell ratio of a number of tubes with high density polyethylene compositions were determined by the method indicated above after 10 megarad radiation exposure. The results are as follows:。

______________________________________。

Cure Sam-

Pro- ple % Gel in。

moters

ID Irradiation。

% Gel in tube。

HDPE Swell Ratio。

______________________________________。

w/o AB E beam 44.9 ±/- 0.5。

28% 2.8。

cure

prom.

with BB E beam 52.8 ±/- 0.8。

42% 10。

cure

prom.

w/o CU not beamed。

28.4 ±- 0.6。

0% -0.6。

cure

prom.

______________________________________。

The data demonstrates that irradiation introducing curing in polyamide/HDPE/polyamide tubes. Cure promoter improved the cross-linking in the HDPE layer.。

Example 3

Nylon 11 and Nylon 11/HDPE/Nylon 11 tubes were cooled to -60° F. Both tubes were bent to determine low temperature characteristics. Nylon 11 tube cracked while the Nylon 11/HDPE/Nylon 11 tube kinked without cracking showing the 3 layer structure is superior in cold temperatures. Both tubes were also aged at 320° F. until they became brittle. Nylon 11 tubes shattered after 5 days of aging when the tube was bent. However, Nylon 11/HDPE/Nylon 11 tube cracked without shattering after 11 days of aging under the same test conditions. This result shows improved high temperature performance of the invented tubes.。

Example 4

Low Temperature Impact Testing。

A number of single layer and multi-layer slabs (0.215" thick bars, layer thickness ratio=1.0;3.5:1.0) were compression molded at 420° F. in order to evaluate the effectiveness (i.e. bonding, impact strength, etc.) of the present invention under low temperature conditions. The tests were performed at -70° C. according to ASTM D256, Method A. The following results were produced:。

______________________________________。

Inner

Sam- and Layer。

ple outer Bond- Impact strength (ft-lbs/in)。

No. layers Intermediate Layer。

ing Unirradiated。

Irradiated。

______________________________________。

1 N/A Nylon 11 (Atochem)。

N/A 0.6 0.6。

2 N/A Nylon 12 (Emster)。

N/A 0.8 1.0。

3 Nylon 90% LR 7320-001。

Good 0.9 1.1。

11 10% Polybond 3009。

4 Nylon 45% LR 7320-00。

Good 0.7 0.5。

11 45% Santoprene。

RC-8001。

10% Polybond 3009。

5 Nylon 90% LR 7320-00。

Good 1.0 1.4。

12 10% Polybond 3009。

6 Nylon 45% LR 7320-00。

Good 0.8 0.5。

11 45% Santoprene。

RC-8001。

10% Nordel 3730。

______________________________________。

1 LR 732000 is a blow molding grade high density polyethylene sold b。

Quantum.

These examples demonstrate the improved performance characteristics of the crosslinked laminated brake tubing of the present invention. The polyolefin layer improves the temperature characteristics of the tubing and the crosslinking prevents stress cracking and delamination. Further the stabilizers added to the nylon prevent radiation induced degradation of the nylon.。

This, of course, has been a description of the present invention along with the preferred method of practicing the present invention known to the inventors.。

* * * * *

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炭黑尾气 off-gas carbon black production 从炭黑烟气中将炭黑分离出去后的气体。尾气除含有微量炭黑外，还有少量的可燃性气体组分。允许直接排放于大气，也可以作为二次能源再利用，如用作锅炉燃料或发电等。 indices of carbon black 指炭黑生产过程中影响工艺、能耗、质量等因素的指数，如温度、压力、流量、原料烃质量、风油(或气)比、流速、停留时间、急冷位置。 carbon black reactor 炉法炭黑生产中的一个核心设备。不同炉型可以生产出性能不同的炭黑品种。炭黑反应炉由单室、双室发展到带喉管的三室炉(亦称新工艺炭黑反应炉)。 feedstock for carbon black production 炭黑生产用原料油有石油系油料和煤焦油系油料两大类。原料油性能极大地影响着炭黑的质量和收率。对原料油的要求是芳烃含量要高，杂质和沥青、水分、灰分、游离碳、硫要少。 inhibitor for carbon black structure 能够抑制炭黑结构增长的添加剂。在原料油进入反应炉前加一定比例的碱金属含氧化合物，可以抑制炭黑生成反应过程中结构的增长。 cooling of carbon black 指炉法炭黑生产过程中，急冷后的炭黑烟气在烟道进行夹套水冷和在反应器后的冷却塔内以喷淋水再行冷却的过程。 collection of carbon black 将炭黑从炭黑烟气中分离出来进行再加工制成产品的过程。炉法炭黑多采用旋风分离器串联袋滤器进行收集。接触法炭黑是将火焰还原层中炭黑沉积于金属(如槽钢等)面上，而后被刮下通过螺旋输送器或气力输送而收集。热裂法炭黑一般通过旋风分离器进行收集。 refinement of carbon black 在炭黑生产过程中，粉状炭黑入造粒机之前，除去炭黑中的夹杂物如铁屑、焦粒等的过程。可采用风选、磁选、筛选或微粒粉碎机等设备，将夹杂物除去或打磨成微粉，以保证产品质量。 conveying of carbon black 在炭黑生产过程中，将收集下来的粉状炭黑用气力(风送)或螺旋输送机输送到造粒机进行造粒，而造粒后的炭黑再用斗式提升机送入贮仓的过程。 shipment of carbon black 指炭黑由生产厂至用户间的运送。国产橡胶用炭黑多采用袋装，然后用汽车或火车运送到用户。散装运输是用铁路槽车或箱式自卸车将炭黑送至用户，适于湿法造粒炭黑运输。散装运输成本低、污染小，宜于橡胶厂机械化、自动化生产，是炭黑运输的发展方向。 hard carbon black 橡胶用炭黑的一种习惯分类方法。指在橡胶制品中以补强为主要作用的炭黑，系相对软质炭黑而言。标准平均粒径在11～30 nm范围，用接触法生产的炭黑及油炉法生产的大部分炭黑也为硬质炭黑。 soft carbon black 橡胶用炭黑的一种习惯分类方法。指在橡胶制品中补强效果较差、在很大程度上起填充作用的炭黑，系相对硬质炭黑而言。标准平均粒径在31～500 nm范围，用气炉法和热裂法生产的炭黑及小部分油炉法生产的炭黑也属于软质炭黑。 super abrasion furnace black;SAF 橡胶用炭黑品种中粒径为11～19 nm。用于橡胶制品中时，其耐磨性能优于其它品种炭黑。主要由油炉法生产。但由于收率低，成本高，加之生热大、焦烧时间短、加工困难等，在橡胶制品中的用量较小。 intermediate super abrasion furnace black;ISAF 硬质炭黑中的一个主要品种，由油炉法生产，其粒径为20～25 nm。从结构上可分为高结构、标准结构和低结构等衍生品种。能赋予橡胶较高的拉伸强度、撕裂强度、耐磨和老化性能，用于轮胎胎面可显著提高轮胎的耐磨性和耐穿刺等性能。 high abrasion furnace black;HAF 硬质炭黑中最常用的一个品种，由油炉法生产，粒径为26～30 nm。从结构上有高结构、标准结构和低结构之分。赋予橡胶制品的拉伸强度、撕裂强度、耐磨和老化性能仅次于中超耐磨炭黑，用于轮胎胎面可提高耐磨性和耐穿刺等性能。 fast extruding furnace black;FEF 又名易压出炉黑。软质炭黑的一个品种，由油炉法生产，粒径为40～48 nm。由于粒径较大，结构较高，能赋予胶料良好的加工性能和较高的定伸应力，伸长率和硬度较低，生热小且导热性良好，耐高温性能优越。适用于NR和SR。 general purpose furnace black;GPF 软质炭黑中的一个重要品种，由油炉法生产，粒径为49～60 nm。粒径略小，能赋予胶料较高的定伸应力、良好的加工性能、高回弹性和耐屈挠性，适用于NR和SR。主要用于轮胎帘布层、胎面下层、胎侧及内胎等胶料中。黑 semi-reinforcing purpose furnace black;SRF 软质炭黑中的一个主要品种，分气炉法和油炉法两种。粒径为61～100 nm。赋予胶料高伸长率、低生热、高弹性和良好的耐老化性能等。适用于NR和SR，对NBR和CR兼有补强与填充作用。多用于胎体缓冲胶、帘布胶用各种橡胶制品。 carbon black for special applications 能赋予制品特殊性能要求的炭黑。炭黑用途广泛，除用于橡胶制品外，还有其它用途，故分为橡胶用炭黑和特种炭黑两类。特种炭黑可将一次性炭黑经后处理得到。后处理多用机械研磨、化学的气相和液相表面氧化处理。氧化剂有二氧化氮、臭氧、氧气、空气和硝酸、硝酸铵、高锰酸钾、次氯酸等，可改变原炭黑性质，达到不同要求。特种炭黑用于着色、导电材料，诸如涂料、油墨、树脂、黑色薄膜、墨粉、胶片、磁性带、光盘等。 standard reference carbon black 一种具有典型物化性能、质量均匀、性能稳定的橡胶用炭黑。主要作为炭黑生产厂和橡胶制品厂验证试验重现性及再现性的标准物质。工业标准参比炭黑 industrial standard reference black 由指定厂家生产，经多个实验室用标准方法测定了主要特性值，并经法定部门确认，用于实验室校核仪器和方法、改善实验室之间再现性的一种质量均匀、稳定的炭黑。 color black 在油墨、油漆、涂料等制品中作着色颜料用的炭黑。按着色强度(或黑度)和粒子大小一般分为高色素炭黑、中色素炭黑、普通色素炭黑和低色素炭黑四种。主要由接触法和油炉法生产。 high color black 一种色素炭黑。粒径范围为9～17 nm，黑度达到或超过一号标准样品。粒子细，黑度高。主要为涂料、油墨等着色用。 medium color black 一种色素炭黑。粒径范围为18～25 nm，黑度达到或超过三号标准样品。粒子较小，黑度适中。主要为涂料、油墨等着色用。 regular color black 一种色素炭黑。粒径范围为26～37 nm，黑度达到或超过六号标准样品。粒子较大，黑度较小。主要为涂料、油墨等着色用。 low color black 一种色素炭黑。粒径大于37 nm，黑度低于六号标准样品。粒子大，黑度低。主要为涂料、油墨等着色用。 conductive carbon black 具有低电阻或高电阻性能的炭黑。可赋予制品导电或防静电作用。其特点为粒径小，比表面积大且粗糙，结构高，表面洁净(化合物少)等。可应用于不同的产品，如导电橡胶、导电塑料、无线电元件等。主要品种有用于电池工业的乙炔炭黑等。 burning gas containing carbon black 指在炭黑生产中，炭黑未被收集之前的反应气体与炭黑的混合物。主要含炭黑、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、水蒸汽及其它反应气体。经分离可得到炭黑。 rubber diaphragm seal;rubber membrane 又称橡胶薄膜密封制品、橡胶膜片。为薄片状橡胶产品。由两面涂胶的单层或多层织物构成，也有纯胶不夹织物的。按结构形态分为平面膜片、波纹膜片、碟形膜片及滚动膜片；按作用原理分为隔离膜片、渗透膜片和运动膜片。根据使用条件可选用不同的织物和胶料制造，常用的有NBR，PU，NBR/聚硫橡胶并用胶料，也有用硅橡胶、氟橡胶及氯醚橡胶的。这种橡胶膜片应具有耐热、耐介质、耐压、耐屈挠和灵敏度高等优点。其制造方法是将涂胶织物和胶料经裁剪贴合成型后用膜型硫化，平面膜片也可用鼓式硫化机连续硫化后冲制。橡胶膜片广泛用于工业、交通等部门，可作为仪器、调节器及其它自动控制系统的敏感元件。其工作温度一般为-50～+100 ℃，工作压力为0～0.2 MPa。 rubber brake diaphragm 橡胶隔膜密封制品的一种。是适用于汽车制动室中起传递压力作用的橡胶夹织物膜片，其工作压力为0.5～0.8 MPa，工作温度为-40～+70 ℃。一般用NR及其并用胶料制造，生产采用模型硫化工艺。本产品有一定的定伸应力、良好的抗动态屈挠性能以及良好的弹性复原性。 piston rubber cup for slurry 橡胶皮碗的一种。用于泥浆泵活塞，在泥浆、原油介质中作往复运动密封。分组装式活塞皮碗及整体活塞两种，前者由耐油橡胶唇和尼龙根部组合而成，用NBR和PU制造。工作压力为19.6 MPa，工作温度为-20～+80 ℃。 rubber packer for oil or gas well 油气田分层开采、测试、注水、酸化及压裂用的筒状橡胶密封制品。根据使用方式可分为扩张式封隔器胶筒和压缩式封隔器胶筒。前者又分为压裂用和注水用两种，由内胶层、外层胶、帘布层和金属管头四部分构成，用贴合成型模压硫化而制成；后者为纯橡胶制品，用模压或注压法制造。胶料一般用NBR。扩张式封隔器胶筒使用温度为50～90 ℃，压力为11.8～24.5 MPa;压缩式封隔器胶筒视结构、规格的不同，使用温度可达120～170 ℃，压力为15～50 MPa。 pipe plug with rubber bag 带金属接管的夹布囊状橡胶密封制品。胶料一般用NBR和CR等，采用手工贴合成型、硫化罐硫化而成。用于输油管道维修、工艺改造等作业，起封堵原油的作用。工作压力一般小于0.6 MPa。系油井防喷器中起密封作用的橡胶件。分闸板式、旋转式和多效功能型三种。用于石油开发和地质钻探钻井过程中防止井喷。其作用是通过控制系统抱紧各种规格的钻杆及井下用具，封住井口，防止油、气喷出。一般用NBR制作，以模压法生产。 rubber core for preventing gushing oil 系油井防喷器中起密封作用的橡胶件。分闸板式、旋转式和多效功能型三种。用于石油开发和地质钻探钻井过程中防止井喷。其作用是通过控制系统抱紧各种规格的钻杆及井下用具，封住井口，防止油、气喷出。一般用NBR制作，以模压法生产。 asbestos rubber sheet 系用石棉、橡胶、填充料压制的板和片状密封制品。可作为管道法兰、高压容器法兰及各种机械连接面用的密封材料。按配方、性能及用途可分为耐油型、高压型、中压型、低压型、耐酸碱型和绝缘型等类别。使用时一般按要求冲制成各种形状、尺寸的垫片。 asbestos rubber sealer 用石棉、橡胶和其它化工材料制成的密封材料及密封制品统称为石棉橡胶密封制品。此类产品利用石棉的耐高温性(可达500 ℃)、高强度和可纺性以及橡胶的弹性，来满足各种使用要求。其中橡胶约占15%左右，主要起粘合作用。按密封功能可分为垫片和填料两大类。主要作为盘根、衬套、垫片、垫圈等应用于各种机器设备中。 asbestos rubber washer 以石棉布或石棉钢丝布与耐热或耐油橡胶粘合经模压硫化制成的环状密封制品。按截面形状可分为圆形、矩形、U形、V形以及其它异形截面。用于活塞杆、旋转轴等处密封；在低速运动的填料室中，石棉橡胶垫圈是理想的材料。此类产品可在石油及其产品、惰性气体、水、过热水蒸汽等介质中使用，也能用于腐蚀性较小的介质中。 composite packing sheet of asbestos rubber 石棉橡胶密封垫片的一种。外层为聚四氟乙烯，内层为石棉胶板、增强石棉胶板或橡胶板。可耐高温高压，具有较好的弹性、较高的强度、较小的垫片系数和较小的比压力。用于270 ℃以下使用的管道法兰和高压容器法兰处的密封。 cock bushing 系采用石棉橡胶板冲切成一定形状，再涂以胶粘剂相互贴合、经模压硫化而制成的筒状密封制品。此产品耐热性好，强度高，启闭灵活，塞杆不易磨损，拆装方便。主要用于锅炉水位器旋塞，无眼衬套主要用于渗透性强的联苯及联苯醚混合物的反应釜及管道中。 asbestos rubber packing 以橡胶为胶粘剂，用石棉布或石棉线作为主要材料，经过涂胶、折叠或编织、压型、硫化而制成的密封制品。根据制造方法的不同分为折叠型和编织型两种。可用于往复运动、旋转运动和螺旋运动用密封。其工作温度为250～450℃，工作压力为4.5～6.0 MPa。 rubber sealant 系以橡胶为主体材料，配合增粘树脂、软化剂、硫化剂、补强填充剂等配合剂经混炼、溶解等工序加工制作而成的一类密封材料。一般用于机械、仪表、管道及建筑构件接合部位，防止外部灰尘、水、气体等侵入机构内部，或防止内部介质泄漏，从而达到密封、隔音、隔热、绝缘及缓冲的目的。按形态可分为液态密封胶(如热熔密封胶)。液态密封胶又可分为无溶剂型、溶剂型和乳液型。按主体材料可分为硅橡胶密封胶、聚氨酯密封胶、丁基密封胶和聚硫密封胶等。 butylsealant 系以异丁烯类聚合物为主体材料的密封胶，为世界耗量最大的4种密封胶之一。具有优异的耐天候老化、耐热、耐酸碱性能及优良的气密性和电绝缘性能。可分为硫化型、非硫化型和热熔型。其中非硫化型又可分为溶剂挥发型、预成型胶条和丁基密封膏（腻子）。溶剂挥发型是经混炼、剪碎、溶解而制成；预成型胶条则是经混炼、挤出而制成；密封膏可用溶解法或三辊机研磨的方法制造。丁基密封胶广泛用于各种机械、管道、玻璃安装、电缆接头等密封及建筑物、水利工程嵌缝止水等方面。 polyurethanesealant 系以聚氨酯橡胶及聚氨酯预聚体为主要成分的密封胶。此类密封胶具有高的拉伸强度、优良的弹性、耐磨性、耐油性和耐寒性，但耐水性，特别是耐碱水性欠佳。可分为加热硫化型、室温硫化型和热熔型三种。其中室温硫化型又有单组分和双组分之分。聚氨酯密封胶广泛用于建筑物、广场、公路作为嵌缝密封材料，以及汽车制造、玻璃安装、电子灌装、潜艇和火箭等的密封。 polyacrylatesealant 系以聚丙烯酸酯橡胶作为主体材料的密封胶，是目前世界上消耗量最大的四大密封胶之一。此类密封胶具有优良的耐热、耐油性能，可在150～160 ℃温度下使用。此外，还具有优良的耐臭氧、耐紫外线性能，优良的气密性及抗屈挠性能。其缺点是在水中易膨胀，耐寒性能较差。分溶液型和乳液型两类。按组分可分为单组分和双组分两种。其主要用途是作为建筑业高温处理预制板（ACL板）的密封，还可用于建筑物楼孔、楼板的密封及电子灌封等。 polysulfide sealant 系以液态聚硫橡胶为主体材料，配合以增粘树脂、硫化剂、促进剂、补强剂等制成的密封胶。此类密封胶具有优良的耐燃油、液压油、水和各种化学药品性能以及耐热和耐大气老化性能。一般为可硫化型。按组分可分为双组分(或三组分)和单组分型。其加工采用预混-研磨-灌装的工艺方法。聚硫密封胶广泛用于土木建筑、汽车制造等行业作为嵌缝、密封材料，还常用于各类油箱、燃料罐、航空机械、复合玻璃的密封。 rubber seal for pipe connecting 系用于管道接头部位的橡胶密封件。根据所输送的介质不同可以用NR，SBR和CR等橡胶制作，并可以设计成不同的截面结构。此类密封件广泛应用于上下水以及各种液体、气体输送管道。 rubber buffer;rubber mounting 亦称橡胶防震、隔震制品。用于消除或减少机械震动的传递，达到减震、消音及减少冲击所致危害的橡胶制品统称橡胶减震制品。其中包括橡胶减震器、橡胶缓冲器（块、垫）、橡胶连接件、空气弹簧及橡胶护弦等。为纯橡胶或带织物、金属骨架增强的橡胶产品，一般用模压法制造。广泛用于房屋建筑、机械设备、车辆、舰船和仪表等行业。 JP-type plate shaped rubber pad 橡胶减震器的一种，系外形为平板状的橡胶金属制品。其结构为内外金属板（环），中间夹橡胶，以模压法生产。可分JP-1，JP-2和JP-3型三种型号。用于无线电、仪器和仪表设备，以保护其整机免受震动和冲击的影响。 YLJ-type rubber mounting 为压路机专用橡胶制品。按其负荷及外形尺寸可分为多种不同型号，分别用于不同型号的压路机。 WJ‐type rubber mounting 是通用性较强的橡胶减震器。亦称“万能垫”，具有4种不同直径、不同高度的圆柱凸台，上下两面交叉配置。可承受任意方向的载荷，吸收任意方向的振动。受横向压力时不会产生滑动。因而不必采取措施防止机器水平移动，省去庞大基础费用。此产品耐热、耐油，使用方便。有WJ‐40，WJ‐60，WJ‐85和WJ‐90共4种型号。 rubber shock absorber 橡胶减震制品的一类。是以吸收冲击能量、缓解冲击作用为主要目的的橡胶制品。包括各种橡胶缓冲器、缓冲垫等。如汽车发动机前后悬置垫、钢板弹簧缓冲块和轨枕垫等。一般为纯橡胶或带金属骨架的橡胶模压制品。由于橡胶冲击刚度大于动刚度，动刚度大于静刚度，有利于减少冲击变形和动变形。此类产品广泛应用于各种车辆、压路机械、施工机械和振动筛等方面。 rubber mounting for automobile;automobile rubber mounting 橡胶减震制品的一类。用于防止或减少汽车在行驶过程中所产生的各种振动和噪声的橡胶配件。根据其使用部位可分为发动机系列用、驱动装置用、操纵装置用、前后悬挂用、车身用、排气系统用和其它系统用七大类。其主要作用是吸收、反射振动源所产生的振动能量，阻止振动波所产生的共振效应。可根据需要用不同的橡胶制造，一般采用模压法生产。 rubber mounting pad for machine 橡胶减震制品的一类。系用于机车各部位起减少振动、隔音、缓冲等作用的橡胶配件。这类产品结构简单、安装方便、安全可靠。包括中央支撑橡胶锥体、轴箱拉杆弹簧体、旁承橡胶堆、电机悬挂橡胶垫、弹性车轮、弹性齿轮、空气弹簧、传动装置弓形橡胶块和球铰、车钩橡胶缓冲块等。一般用模压法制造。

湖人、骑士、魔术队英文简介

米其林公司从轮胎厂到“生活产业”巨人。

“百年老店”米其林，藉由技术创新、赛车行销和旅游数字化，重又焕发青春。

从打孔机、大型主机、PC到科技服务，蓝色巨人IBM不再称自己是“计算机公司”，但全世界人不会忘记IBM——当今世界，没有永远不变的产品，也没有永恒的定位，却可以有接近永恒的长青企业。

在汽车零配件这个很不主流的产业里，以制造轮胎起家的法国米其林（Michelin）公司，正如IBM般，是全世界家喻户晓的长青企业。在一九九六年欧洲媒体的一项品牌偏好调查中，产品一点都不“时尚”的米其林，竟然仅次于香奈儿（Chanel），成为“最受欢迎品牌”排行亚军，连奔驰车与可口可乐都不是对手！

米其林帝国身价创新高

这家从法国中部的小镇Clermont-Ferrand起家的公司，原本只是制造脚踏车轮胎的工厂，从创业伊始在橡胶化工领域闯荡出“高科技”起，它一路伴随着汽车工业的成长、起飞与成熟，至今已整整117年！即使“轮胎”这一行业已式微到不曾再和流行的语汇如“科技”、“创新”甚至资本社会中的“获利”等被联想在一起，但米其林这家公司的品牌过去五年来在世界舞台上的表现却愈来愈亮眼，其变化幅度之大，连不少年轻的科技公司都望尘莫及。

2004年欧元狂飙，欧洲企业普遍受困出口萎缩的不利形势下，米其林的年营业额却写下156亿8900万欧元的新高点，年度净利高达5亿1500万欧元，每股获利更达3．59欧元，在巴黎证商公会的CAC 40股价指数成分股中排行第三。取得这样的佳绩，米其林靠的是位于巴西与奈及利亚的6座天然橡胶树农场，以及设在19个国家总共74座轮胎生产厂和遍布170个国家的庞大行销系统，全年共生产出约1亿9400万条轮胎，同时向市场推出超过2000万张地图与指南手册，所有这些构筑起米其林跨行业、跨地域的庞大企业帝国。

靠思维和定位创新保第一

翻开长达百余年的米其林历史，它曾靠“技术创新”写下不少第一，包括第一条可拆卸的轮胎、第一条可充气的轮胎、第一条卡车轮胎，此外低压轮胎、彩色轮胎、F1轮胎，甚至1915年出现的世界第一条“水泥马路”，也都是这家公司的杰作。然而真正令米其林传统产业长青的，却不是技术，而是“思维创新”和“定位创新”。

在米其林的百年历史中，它所遇到的转型、扩张、寻找定位难关可谓无数。在两次大战前后的“民族工业”年代，它面临的是德国大陆（Continental）、德国登陆普（Dunlop）这些欧洲品牌的竞争，轮胎厂必须在不同的民族国家设厂，来强调它的区域认同性。在1970年代后，新一波的全球化扩张，又让米其林重新面对严苛的生存竞争。现任雷诺日产集团总裁、有欧洲“经营之神”称号的戈恩（Carlos Ghosn）就指出：“米其林就是到了1980年代，才真正从一家欧洲区域型轮胎公司，走向全世界的。”

不过即使到今天，米其林已建立起如此庞大的全球化体系，但它的公司文化仍然保有不可思议的家族色彩。虽然早在1951年就在巴黎证交所公开上市，但从第一代的老艾铎（Edouard Michelin Jr.）到1999年正式接班的现任执行长艾铎（Edouard Michelin），一百多年来的经营权，依然维持在以“Michelin”为姓氏的家族继承者手上，这在全球500强企业集团中，确属稀有。

股权分配强调个人色彩

除了经营者的家族色彩之外，米其林的股权分配方式都相当特殊，除了像一般公司一样持有上市股票的有限责任股东之外，它还有另一种属于公司共同管理人才有的“普通合伙人股东”，换言之，股东必须以自己的财产来为公司财产担负起无限的连带责任。若公司经营不善而负债，普通合伙人在法律规范上，必须以自己的私人财产来承担公司负债，且必须在股东大会同意的前提下，普通合伙人才能被认可或解职，而不能以持股比例自己片面宣布。在这样的制度下，普通合伙人的薪水也与公司经营绩效连在一起，而不是采用固定的薪水制。

也许正是因为这个特殊的文化与制度，让米其林不仅保留了浓厚的家族色彩，也让管理人的权力与个人色彩更为凸显，更让整个公司形成一种既活泼又保守的特殊气质。

从米其林庞大帝国的组织架构来看，全球十二万七千名员工，只分成十个一级的执行委员会来掌管不同产品的生产，以及亚、欧、北美三大区域市场和组织、财务等项事宜，组织架构其实相当扁平。新一代掌门人艾铎接班后，也陆续出台了几个企图心旺盛的大动作，包括重新回到F1赛场，并加码投入大量资源，让米其林成为全球最大的赛车运动赞助商。此外也扩大举办能源车挑战赛（Challenge Bibendem），卡住与未来新能源车的合作开发机会。更有甚者，该公司还大幅打造旅游事业部门，不仅跨足车用导航系统，更结合手机、PDA与网站，形成一个庞大的数字旅游服务网络。

百年旅游事业跟上数字化

很难想象制造轮胎的米其林，发展地图、旅游指南到餐饮评鉴的“出版”事业，同样也有超过百年的历史。早在1900年，第一本包含旅游与美食等生活信息的《红色指南》正式出版，印了35000本，同时《指南》上印了一行宣言：“这本手册在这世纪之初诞生，未来也将走过这个世纪”。一个世纪过去了，这本开启口袋书风气之先的《红色指南》，非但没有消失，气势反而愈来愈盛，从原本独霸的法语系国家，近来更扩张触角，陆续发行纽约等英语文化地区的版本。据米其林自己的统计，目前《红色指南》每年印量都超过55万册，而一百多年来，光是这本小书的总发行量，已经超过3000万册。

但如果只是这样的成就，也难逃托先人庇荫，以及法国精致的文化霸权优势之嫌。在百年基业的优势下，2001年成立的“via Michelin“网站，将米其林的地图、指南等讯息服务，统统合成数字化内容服务，会员可以通过这个网站，从手机中获得旅游的备忘服务。虽然这个网站目前的服务仅限于欧洲，但每年都吸引超过1000万人注册。未来的服务计划，更将从网站扩充到以汽车为基础的”远距离行动通讯“上。

法式生活风格的最佳代表

随着全球汽车产业愈发成熟，藉由不断兼并整合来降低成本、提高竞争力，似乎已是当然的选择，轮胎业做为周边零配件厂商，也步上了同样的命运，2004年全球轮胎市场中，约有10亿条轮胎被装配到一般轿车与轻卡车上，约1亿4000万条轮胎被装配到卡车上，整体总产值虽高达800亿美元，但光是前三大集团（米其林、固特异、普利司通），就囊括了近60％的市场。如何在这个寡头垄断市场中持续保持产品竞争优势，在产业结构变化中寻求新的竞争力，成为全球轮胎厂共同的生存考量。

不同于竞争品牌普利司通（Bridgestone）或固特异（Goodyear）仍专注在轮胎全产品线上，或是如德国大陆轮胎分心去生产煞车系统等零配件，甚至像意大利倍耐力（Pirelli）干脆180度调整，直接转投资到新兴的通讯科技产业，米其林尽管难掩其封闭色彩，但从轮胎技术创新、赛车行销到旅游数字化服务，整体战略其实更自成一套完整转型逻辑：从剧烈变化的产业竞争中，寻找属于自己的不变原则。

或许这也正是保守家族企业的特色：既不愿也无法追逐大起大落的流行节奏，干脆更脚踏实地地来编织属于自己的瑰丽梦想。在当今米其林五花八门的生活产业版图中，“Michelin”这个标志不只代表着轮胎，它更是一种生活方式的符号，代表着现代人对法国文化的向往，更是传统产业“高利润“的代名词。

米其林公司简介

1946年6月4日上午11点正，米其林(MICHELIN)公司的一个送信员走进位于巴黎市列宁格勒街26号的法国专利注册局，投递一份厚厚的文件，这是一项对轮胎工业起着革命性作用的专利申请-辐射层轮胎(子午线轮胎)的诞生，辐射层轮胎的安全，耐用，省油及舒适，造成它的问世不仅对现代交通起了决定性的影响，也大大影响了人类的生活，辐射层轮胎的设计所带来的冲击是那么巨大，以至40多年后的今天，传统交叉层轮胎在欧洲几乎完全消失了。现在，人们可看到，摩托车、汽车、地下铁、推土机、飞机都相继使用辐射层的轮胎了。

现在人们一想起辐射层轮胎，也就自然地联想起“米其林(MICHELIN)”这个在轮胎界享有颇高威望的名字，近百年来，米其林为世界轮胎的进步不断地研究、发明、创新……。

米其林逾百年前于法国的克莱蒙费朗建立。在漫长的历程中，米其林集团自1889年发明首条自行车可拆卸轮胎与1895年发明首条轿车用充气轮胎以来，在轮胎科技与制造方面发明不断。现在，米其林集团在五大洲设立74家工厂，6个橡胶种植园；分别在法国、日本、美国及中国设有研究与测试中心，在超过170个国家设立了销售与市场机构。每年，米其林集团在全球生产19020万条轮胎，2230万份地图及旅游指南。

米其林集团全球现雇佣大约125,000名员工，负责集团生产及推广的众多品牌——米其林, BFGoodrich (百路驰), Uniroyal,Kleber, Riken, Siam, Taurus ,Stomil-Olsztyn, Laurant, Wolber, Tyremaster, Icollantas以及回力。集团2002年的综合净销售额为156亿欧元，占全球轮胎市场份额的19.6%。

除了轮胎以外，米其林集团还生产轮辋、钢丝、地图及旅游指南。其中地图与指南出版机构是该领域的领导者。著名的法国“红色指南”在2000年已有100岁。

赛车运动长期以来与米其林的历史密不可分。1998年米其林集团庆祝其逾世纪的轿车、摩托车及自行车赛车运动。米其林于2001年重返一级方程式。

□米其林集团与中国

米其林1988年在香港成立了销售办事处。为进一步加强在中国市场的发展，又于1989年在北京成立了首个代表处，负责产品推广及筹备分销网络。现米其林在上海，广州，成都，沈阳及香港都设立了营销办事处，销售网络遍布全国。

1995年底，米其林集团与沈阳市达成协议，成立米其林沈阳轮胎有限公司(MSTC)。它是米其林首个在中国的合资项目，为于1973年成立的沈阳轮胎厂提供有效的技术转让。1996年底，沈阳工厂正式投入生产。1997年，米其林又增设三家合资公司,其目的主要生产米其林品牌的轿车，轻卡及卡车轮胎，以满足国内不同消费者的需要。该4家合资企业于2002年1月1日完成合并工作,并于2003年8月1日成为一家外商独资公司。至此，米其林在沈阳合资企业的总投资额为1.5亿美元。

2001年4月，米其林集团投资2亿美元与上海轮胎橡胶股份有限公司(STRC)联合组建了上海米其林回力轮胎股份有限公司(SMW)。新公司继续生产回力品牌的轿车与轻卡子午线轮胎，并于2002年底开始生产米其林品牌的轮胎。米其林在中国的总部也由北京迁移到了上海。

与此同时，米其林在上海成立了研发中心。研发中心着力满足中国当地以及外资车辆制造商的技术需求。它还为轮胎的原材料供应商如天然橡胶和钢丝厂家提供技术指导。另外，米其林已同意为上海轮胎橡胶集团的卡客车子午线轮胎生产设施提供技术支持。

2001年12月，米其林(中国)投资有限公司在上海成立。它为米其林在中国的进一步发展提供了更多的机会，亦显示出米其林对中国市场的长期承诺。

□米其林轮胎人的故事

米其林轮胎人(米其林宝宝)的构思源于米其林公司在1894年里昂举办的一次展览会上，展台入口处那由许多不同直径的轮胎堆成的小山启发了爱德华·米其林：“如果有了手臂及腿脚，它就是一个人了！”

于是在1894年4月，一个由许多轮胎做成的特别的人物造型出现了，上面有画家奥加罗普的签字。从此米其林轮胎人便开始出现在海报上，他手擎一只装有钉子和碎玻璃的杯子说道：“Nunc est bibendum”这句意为；“现在是举杯的时候了”的拉丁语来自古罗马诗人贺拉思的一句颂歌，寓意是米其林轮胎能征服一切障碍。这句话立刻成为一句口号，在几个月的时间里，“米其林轮胎人”被明确地以法语命名为“Bibendum”。

这是米其林的网站，也有你想要的。

www.michelin.com.cn。

Orlando Magic

A member of the RDV Sports family, the Orlando Magic is an NBA franchise which provides a state-of-the-art experience for fans and players alike. The Magic is dedicated to exemplary service to all customer groups, including employees, fans, season ticket holders, sponsors, and media. The Orlando Magic is widely benchmarked within the sports industry, while being committed to the Central Florida community. 。

The 1989-90 season marked the inaugural season of the Magic in the National Basketball Association. Since the DeVos family purchased the team in September of 1991, the franchise has made 10 trips to the playoffs, won two Atlantic Division Championships (1995, 1996), one Southeast Division Championship (2008), captured one Eastern Conference title (1995), and had four 50-win seasons, including a franchise record 60 victories in 1995-96. 。

Mailing Address: 。

Orlando Magic

8701 Maitland Boulevard 。

Orlando, FL 32810 。

Telephone Number: (407) 916-2400 。

Email: insider@orlandomagic.com 。

RDV Sportsplex 。

The RDV Sportsplex, a joint venture between RDV Sports, Inc. and Florida Hospital, is a trend-setting destination for sports and wellness. It is a multi-faceted, public/private facility unmatched in the world. With activities and services available to both club members and non-club members, the facility includes an athletic club, tennis center, ice rinks, cafe and concessions, pro shops, salon & spa, Kids' Stuff member daycare facility, and a medical complex. Situated on 21 acres in Orange County, Florida, the 365,000-square-foot RDV Sportsplex opened in February 1998. 。

RDV Sportsplex provides comprehensive learning and training for all ages and skill levels. The goal is to serve all levels of performance and ability from novice to the professional athlete - all with access to the same skilled staff. RDV Sportsplex's commitment extends beyond physical fitness to health and wellness. Reinforcing the athletic club are medical facilities that include pediatrics, corporate and international health, orthopaedics, and a dentist. Providing total care for families and individuals is the most important service. 。

The DeVos Family 。

The DeVos Family 。

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 。

The DeVos family purchased the Orlando Magic in September of 1991. At that time, family head Rich DeVos stated that the DeVos family is simply the team's current caretaker, making it clear that the real owners of the NBA franchise would continue to be the Central Florida community and the loyal Magic fans. 。

Since purchasing the team, the franchise has won three division championships (Atlantic Division: 1994- 95, 1995-96; Southeast Division: 2007-08), one Eastern Conference title (1994-95) and had four 50-win seasons, including a franchise record 60 victories in 1995-96. The Magic have advanced to the playoffs 10 times and finished with a .500 record or better in 12 of the last 16 seasons. 。

The acquisition and operation of the Magic is a family affair involving Rich, his wife, Helen, and their four children and spouses; Dick and Betsy DeVos, Dan and Pam DeVos, Cheri and Bob Vander Weide, and Doug and Maria DeVos. As one of the two founding families of Amway Corp.梩oday a global leader in direct selling and a member of the Alticor Inc. family of companies梩he DeVos family is one of the nation's most successful business stories in recent history. 。

Although the senior DeVoses have an established residence in southern Florida, the family was introduced to the Central Florida community during Orlando's drive to bring major league baseball to 揟he City Beautiful.?An ensuing relationship was formed between the DeVos family and the city of Orlando. 。

The baseball venture left them with a heightened interest in professional sports ownership. The 82- year-old co-founder of Amway envisioned incorporating the philosophies that made him one of the most successful businessmen in America today with that of a solid, young NBA franchise. He understands the impact professional sports can have on the upcoming generation, and he is committed to ensuring the team provides a positive, encouraging example. 。

From 1995-2001, RDV Sports owned and operated the Orlando Solar Bears of the International Hockey League. During their six seasons of existence, the Solar Bears captured one division title (Central Division, 1995-96), three Eastern Conference crowns (1996, 1999, 2001) and the IHL抯 Turner Cup championship in 2000-01. Orlando compiled an all-time regular season record of 286-162-44 (.626), the best in the league over that time frame. 。

From 1998-2002, the Orlando Miracle of the WNBA was part of the RDV Sports portfolio. The Miracle played in their inaugural season during the summer of 1999 and made the playoffs in 2000. 。

RDV Sports, named for Rich DeVos and the general partner of the Magic, has been and continues to be an active partner in the Central Florida community. In February of 1998, RDV Sports, in partnership with Florida Hospital, opened the $50 million, 365,000- square-foot RDV Sportsplex. The RDV Sportsplex is a state-of-the-art health and wellness facility, which includes a world-class health club, medical offices, restaurant, retail shops, and practice and training facilities for the Magic. 。

The DeVos family played a key role in helping to secure a new state-of-the-art Events Center in Orlando. The Events Center is part of a public community venues program that also includes a new Performing Arts Center and a renovation of the Citrus Bowl Stadium. The new Events Center is under construction and scheduled to open in October 2010. 。

In addition, the Magic also contributed $12.5 million toward construction of five community recreation centers throughout Orange County, Florida, as part of its commitment to build the new Events Center. 。

The DeVos family remains involved in numerous charities and community-enhancement endeavors, both in the Central Florida area and their hometown region of Grand Rapids, Mich. Bob Vander Weide serves as Chairman of the Orlando Magic Youth Foundation, a fund of the McCormick Foundation. The Orlando Magic Youth Foundation has positively impacted more than one million children. Through private donations, fund-raising events and contributions, more than $14 million has been raised and distributed to non-profit organizations that support the OMYF mission statement.。

LAKERS

1947-48: The Game's First Star | 1948-49: Minneapolis Jumps to BAA | 1949-51: Lakers Win First NBA Finals | 1951-52: NBA Tries To Slow Down "Big George" | 1952-53: Basketball's First Dynasty | 1953-54: Lovellette Comes To The Rescue Of Ailing Mikan | 1954-58: New Rules Are Bad News For Lakers | 1958-60: Baylor Ushers In A New Era | 1960-62: A Double Dose Of West | 1962-65: The Start Of A Trend: Celtics Clip Lakers For NBA Title |1965-68: Cooke Purchases Lakers For $5 Million | 1968-69: L.A. Acquires A Supercenter | 1969-71: West Cans Miracle Shot, But Reed Is The Real Hero | 1971-73: 33 In A Row! | 1973-75: Wilt Retires, West Shortly Follows Suit | 1975-79: Los Angeles Trades For Jabbar | 1979: The Beginning Of The Buss Era | 1979-82: "Showtime" Arrives | 1982-83: A Worthy Draft Pick | 1983-84: Abdul-Jabbar Becomes NBA's All-Time Leading Scorer | 1984-86: Finally! Lakers Beat Celtics In Finals | 1986-87: A Very Magic Year | 1987-88: Lakers Fulfill Riley's Prophecy | 1988-90: Kareem Calls It A Career | 1990-91: Riley Steps Down, But L.A. Still Advances To Finals | 1991-92: Magic Shocks The World | 1992-93: Not A Very Pfund Year For The Lakers | 1993-94: Not Even A Little Magic Can Lift The Lakers | 1994-95: Newcomers Key Lakers' Revitalization | 1995-96: Magic Returns To The Court | 1996-97: Shaq Goes Showtime | 1997-98: Showtime Once Again | 1998-99: Busy Times in Brief Season | 1999-00: Return to Dominance | 2000-01: Back to Back-to-Back | 2001-02: Thrice as Nice | 2002-03: In and Out, Heartbrrrrrrreak! | 2003-04: A season unlike any other | 2004-05: Ch…Ch…Ch…Changes | 2005-06: Jackson and Playoffs Return to Los Angeles while 81 Becomes a Household Number 。

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