fauna-100

须鲸的资料

古罗马有Faunus和Fauna两个半人半羊的神，掌管动物，是牧羊人的保护神。他们的手下，长的跟他们一样，也叫fauns。

Fauna也是多产女神，是Faunus的妻子、妹妹或女儿。

一般认为，Faunus源自古希腊人身羊足，头上有角的潘神（ Pan ），是许多罗马化的希腊神之一。

跪求100字睡美人英文简介

须鲸科是须鲸亚目下最大的一个科，包含了两个属共计九种须鲸。其中包括目前世界上体型最大的动物—蓝鲸，最大体重达150公吨以上，体型次大的两种须鲸体重也常突破50公吨，就连本科中体型最小的小须鲸，体重也可达到九公吨以上。

俗名由来

rorqual须鲸科的成员在英文中通常统称为“rorquals”，这个名称由挪威语演变而来，原意为“有深沟的鲸”（furrow whale），这是因为它们有一项共通点：自下颔到肚脐间有许多长沟状的皮肤皱折，称为喉腹折（throat groove 或 ventral pleat），其主要功用在于辅助进食。同属须鲸亚目的灰鲸，以及某些属于齿鲸亚目的喙鲸类也有类似喉腹折的构造，不过前者只有四条简单的折皱，在数量上与须鲸科的数十至近百条相距甚远；而喙鲸的所谓“喉腹折”仅是两颊处各有一道V字型的凹槽。

minke

小须鲸在英文里通常称作“minke”，这个名称的由来可能跟一位挪威或德国籍的捕鲸炮手Meincke有关，据说他曾在二十世纪初的一次捕鲸行动中将小须鲸误认为蓝鲸而捕杀；另有一说是这位捕鲸船员认为它们太小而不值得捕捉，“minke”是他当时脱口而出的戏谑称呼。

分布

须鲸科的分布范围广及全世界的海域，蓝鲸、长须鲸、座头鲸、塞鲸、与小须鲸等在各大洋都可能发现其踪迹，而布氏鲸则较为特殊，它们似乎不曾出现在北极或南极周遭的寒冷海域，而是终年停留于温、热带地区。须鲸科须鲸多半栖息于远洋而极少接近海岸，布氏鲸与大翅鲸是唯二的例外：通常前者终年皆可在近岸处发现，而后者在每年的南北迁徙途中时常会接近岸边。

在须鲸科中只有最大与最小的两个物种—蓝鲸与小须鲸—会游到南极极南端的寒冷海域。长须鲸通常不会接近南极的冰棚地区，而塞鲸的活动范围则更偏北方。（在北半球由于陆地范围较大，对气候与洋流的影响程度较强，上述情形较不明显。）不论是哪一种须鲸，一般而言体型较大的个体会有接近极区的倾向，而较年轻的鲸则多半留在较偏南（或北）的地方。

迁徙

大多数须鲸都在冬季时于温、热带海域繁衍后代，夏季在两极处取食丰盛的浮游生物与磷虾，为此它们每年都得作长距离的南北迁徙。布氏鲸是须鲸科中唯一的例外，它们似乎没有明显觅食期与繁殖季的划分，部分族群甚至可能不具迁徙性。

摄食方式

各种须鲸的食性不尽相同，如蓝鲸仅以磷虾为食，布氏鲸则以小型鱼类为主。须鲸科的摄食行为有时被描述为“狼吞虎咽”（gulper），因为它们的进食方式是张开大口一次吞下大量海水，此时它们会借著扩张喉腹折来增加口腔的容积，接著闭上嘴巴将水吐出，海水中所含的食物便会被鲸须挡住而留在口中。

须鲸类在全世界有露脊鲸科、灰鲸科和长须鲸科等3个科，共约6属、11种。

须鲸类动物的体形巨大，最小的种类体长也大于6米。口中没有牙齿，只有在胚胎发育时可以看到退化的牙齿，但上颌左右两侧的腭部至咽部各生有150—400枚呈梳齿状排列的角质须。须的颜色、形状和数目因种类的不同而有差异，是进行分类的重要依据之一。外鼻孔有2个，位于头顶，呼吸换气时可以喷出两股水柱。头骨极大，有的种类可达体长的1／3，左右对称。颈椎愈合或者分离。胸骨较小，仅有1?/FONT>2对肋骨与胸骨相连接，胸廓不完全。没有锁骨。鳍肢一般具4指。消化道中具有盲肠。主要以磷虾等小型甲壳类动物为食，有的种类也吃小型群游性鱼类，以及底栖的鱼类和贝类。

须鲸种类不多，中国发现的有9种，中国已经发现，像蓝鲸、长须鲸、大翅鲸、露脊鲸、灰鲸等。

圣诞岛---英语介绍

英文简述： Sleeping Beauty 。

When a new princess is born to King Stefan & his wife, the entire kingdom rejoices. At a ceremony, three good fairies - Flora, Fauna & Merryweather - bestow gifts of magic on the child. But an evil sorceress named Maleficent shows up, and because of a rude remark by Merryweather, she places a curse on the princess - that she will die on her 16th birthday after touching a poisoned spinning wheel. Merryweather tries to undo the damage by casting a spell that will allow the princess - named Aurora - to awake from an ageless sleep with a kiss from her true love. The fairies take Aurora to their cottage in the woods to keep her away from the eyes of Maleficent, and raise her as their own child, named Briar Rose. On her 16th birthday Aurora meets Prince Phillip, the son of a king whose own kingdom will soon merge with King Stefan's - and falls in love. Maleficent manages to kidnap the Prince and her horrible prophecy is fulfilled when she tricks Aurora into touching a spinning wheel created by Maleficent herself! Realizing that the Prince is in trouble, the 3 good fairies head to Maleficent's castle at the Forbidden Mountain, and spring the Prince loose. But the Prince soon finds himself up against Maleficent's army of brutes, and the power of Maleficent's evil spells - which include a thorn forest as thick as weeds around King Stefan's castle, and a fight against Maleficent when she turns herself into a dragon! Is the Prince strong enough to withstand the powers of the evil sorceress? Written by Derek O'Cain 。

---------------------------------------------- 。

这个是 sleeping beauty 的全文 。

Once upon a time there was a Queen who had a beautiful baby daughter. She asked all the fairies in the kingdom to the christening, but unfortunately forgot to invite one of them, who was a bit of a witch as well. She came anyway, but as she passed the baby's cradle, she said: 。

"When you are sixteen, you will injure yourself with a spindle and die!" 。

"Oh, no!" screamed the Queen in horror. A good fairy quickly chanted a magic spell to change the curse. When she hurt herself, the girl would fall into a very deep sleep instead of dying. 。

The years went by, the little Princess grew and became the most beautiful girl in the whole kingdom. Her mother was always very careful to keep her away from spindles, but the Princess, on her sixteenth birthday, as she wandered through the castle, came into a room where an old servant was spinning. 。

"What are you doing?" she asked the servant. 。

"I'm spinning. Haven't you seen a spindle before?" 。

"No. Let me see it!" The servant handed the girl the spindle ... and she pricked herself with it and. with a sigh, dropped to the floor. 。

The terrified old woman hurried to tell the Queen. Beside herself with anguish, the Queen did her best to awaken her daughter but in vain. The court doctors and wizards were called, but there was nothing they could do. The girl could not be wakened from her deep sleep. The good fairy who managed to avoid the worst of the curse came too, and the Queen said to her, 。

"When will my daughter waken?" 。

"I don't know," the fairy admitted sadly. 。

"In a year's time, ten years or twenty?" the Queen went on. 。

"Maybe in a hundred years' time. Who knows?" said the fairy. 。

"Oh! What would make her waken?" asked the Queen weeplng. 。

"Love," replied the fairy. "If a man of pure heart were to fall in love with her, that would bring her back to life!" 。

"How can a man fall in love with a sleeping girl?" sobbed the Queen, and so heart-broken was she that, a few days later, she died. The sleeping Princess was taken to her room and laid on the bed surrounded by garlands of flowers. She was so beautiful, with a sweet face, not like those of the dead, but pink like those who are sleeping peacefully. The good fairy said to herself, 。

"When she wakens, who is she going to see around her? Strange faces and people she doesn't know? I can never let that happen. It would be too painful for this unfortunate girl." 。

So the fairy cast a spell; and everyone that lived in the castle - soldiers, ministers, guards, servants, ladies, pages, cooks, maids and knights - all fell into a deep sleep, wherever they were at that very moment. 。

"Now," thought the fairy, "when the Princess wakes up, they too will awaken, and life will go on from there." And she left the castle, now wrapped in silence. Not a sound was to be heard, nothing moved except for the clocks, but when they too ran down, they stopped, and time stopped with them. Not even the faintest rustle was to be heard, only the wind whistling round the turrets, not a single voice, only the cry of birds. 。

The years sped past. In the castle grounds, the trees grew tall. The bushes became thick and straggling, the grass invaded the courtyards and the creepers spread up the walls. In a hundred years, a dense forest grew up. 。

Now, it so happened that a Prince arrived in these parts. He was the son of a king in a country close by. Young, handsome and melancholy, he sought in solitude everything he could not find in the company of other men: serenity, sincerity and purity. Wandering on his trusty steed he arrived, one day, at the dark forest. Being adventurous, he decided to explore it. He made his way through slowly and with a struggle, for the trees and bushes grew in a thick tangle. A few hours later, now losing heart, he was about to turn his horse and go back when he thought he could see something through the trees . . . He pushed back the branches . . . Wonder of wonders! There in front of him stood a castle with high towers. The young man stood stock still in amazement, 。

"I wonder who this castle belongs to?" he thought. 。

The young Prince rode on towards the castle. The drawbridge was down and, holding his horse by the reins, he crossed over it. Immediately he saw the inhabitants draped all over the steps, the halls and courtyards, and said to himself, 。

"Good heavens! They're dead!" But in a moment, he realised that they were sound asleep. "Wake up! Wake up!" he shouted, but nobody moved. Still thoroughly astonished, he went into the castle and again discovered more people, lying fast asleep on the floor. As though led by a hand in the complete silence, the Prince finally reached the room where the beautiful Princess lay fast asleep. For a long time he stood gazing at her face, so full of serenity, so peaceful, lovely and pure, and he felt spring to his heart that love he had always been searching for and never found. Overcome by emotion, he went close, lifted the girl's little white hand and gently kissed it . . . 。

At that kiss, the prlncess qulckly opened her eyes, and wakening from her long long sleep, seeing the Prince beside her, murmured: 。

"Oh, you have come at last! I was waiting for you in my dream. I've waited so long!" 。

Just then, the spell was broken. The Princess rose to her feet, holding out her hand to the Prince. And the whole castle woke up too. Everybody rose to their feet and they all stared round in amazement, wondering what had happened. When they finally realised, they rushed to the Princess, more beautiful and happier then ever. 。

A few days later, the castle that only a short time before had lain in silence, now rang with the sound of singing, music and happy laughter at the great party given in honour of the Prince and Princess, who were getting married. They lived happily ever after, as they always do in fairy tales, not quite so often, however, in real life.。

这是什么猫科动物

The Territory of Christmas Island is a territory of Australia in the Indian Ocean. It is located 2,600 kilometres (1,600 mi) northwest of the Western Australian city of Perth, 500 km (310 mi) south of the Indonesian capital, Jakarta, and 975 km (606 mi) ENE of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.。

It has a population of approximately 1,600 residents who live in a number of "settlement areas" on the northern tip of the island: Flying Fish Cove (also known as Kampong), Silver City, Poon Saan, and Drumsite.。

The island’s geographic isolation and history of minimal human disturbance has led to a high level of endemism amongst its flora and fauna, which is of significant interest to scientists and naturalists.[2]。

Phosphate, deposited as Guano, has been mined on the island for many years. 63% of its 135 square kilometres (52 sq mi) is National Park and there are large areas of primary rainforest.。

History

British and Dutch navigators first included the island on their charts in the early seventeenth century, and Captain William Mynors of the British East India Company vessel, the Royal Mary, named the island when he arrived on Christmas Day, 25 December 1643.[3] The island first appears on a map produced by Pieter Goos and published in 1666. Goos had labelled the island Mony.[4]。

The earliest recorded visit was in March 1688 by William Dampier of the British ship Cygnet, who found it uninhabited.[5] An account of the visit can be found in Dampier's Voyages, which describes how, when trying to reach Cocos from New Holland, his ship was pulled off course in an easterly direction and after 28 days arrived at Christmas Island. Dampier landed at the Dales (on the West Coast) and two of his crewmen were the first recorded people to set foot on Christmas Island.。

The next visit was by Daniel Beekman, who described it in his 1718 book, A Voyage to and from the Island of Borneo, in the East Indies.。

People

As of 2006, the estimated population is 1,493. (The Australian Bureau of Statistics reports a population of 1,508 as of the 2001 Census.)。

The ethnic composition is 70% Chinese (mainly Cantonese), 20% European and 10% Malay. Religions practised on Christmas Island include Buddhism 75%, Christianity 12%, Islam 10% and others 3%. English is the official language, but Cantonese and Malay are also spoken. Both English and Cantonese are lingua franca.。

[show]v • d • eDemographics of Oceania 。

Sovereign states Australia · East Timor1 · Fiji · Indonesia1 · Kiribati · Papua New Guinea · Marshall Islands · Federated States of Micronesia · Nauru · New Zealand · Palau · Samoa · Solomon Islands · Tonga · Tuvalu · Vanuatu。

Dependencies and。

other territories American Samoa · Christmas Island · Cocos (Keeling) Islands · Cook Islands · French Polynesia · Guam · Hawaii · New Caledonia · Niue · Norfolk Island · Northern Mariana Islands · Pitcairn Islands · Tokelau · Wallis and Futuna。

1 Transcontinental country. 。

[edit] Postage stamps。

Main article: Postage stamps and postal history of Christmas Island。

A postal agency was opened on the island in 1901 and sold stamps of the Strait Settlements.[9]。

After the Japanese Occupation (1942–1945), postage stamps of the British Military Administration in Malaya were in use, then stamps of Singapore.[10]。

In 1958, the island received its own postage stamps after being put under Australian custody. It had a large philatelic and postal independence, managed first by the Phosphate Commission (1958–1969) and then by the Island's Administration (1969–1993).[9] This ended on 2 March 1993 when Australia Post became the island's postal operator: stamps of Christmas Island can be used in Australia and Australian stamps in the island.[10]。

[edit] Government。

Christmas Island is a non-self governing territory of Australia, administered by the Attorney-General's Department[11] (before November 29, 2007[12] administration was carried out by the Department of Transport and Regional Services). The legal system is under the authority of the Governor-General of Australia and Australian law. An Administrator (Neil Lucas, since 28 January 2006) appointed by the Governor-General represents the monarch and Australia.。

The Australian Government provides Commonwealth-level government services through the Christmas Island Administration and the Department of Infrastructure. There is no state government; instead, state government type services are provided by contractors, including departments of the Western Australian Government, with the costs met by the Australian (Commonwealth) Government. A unicameral Shire of Christmas Island with 9 seats provides local government services and is elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms. Elections are held every two years, with half the members standing for election.。

Christmas Island residents who are Australian citizens also vote in Commonwealth (federal) elections. Christmas Island residents are represented in the House of Representatives through the Northern Territory Division of Lingiari and in the Senate by Northern Territory Senators.。

In early 1986, the Christmas Island Assembly held a design competition for an island flag; the winning design was adopted as the informal flag of the territory for over a decade, and in 2002 it was made the official flag of Christmas Island.。

[edit] Economy

Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened by a consortium which included many of the former mine workers as shareholders. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993, but was closed in 1998 and has not re-opened. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial spaceport on the island, however this has not yet been constructed, and appears that it will not proceed in the future. The Howard Government built a temporary immigration detention centre on the island in 2001 and planned to replace it with a larger, modern facility located at North West Point until Howard's defeat in the 2007 elections.。

[edit] Geography。

Christmas IslandLocated at 10°30′S 105°40′E / 10.5°S 105.667°E / -10.5; 105.667, the island is a quadrilateral with hollowed sides, about 19 kilometres (12 mi) in greatest length and 14.5 km (9.0 mi) in extreme breadth. The total land area is 135 square kilometres (52 sq mi), with 138.9 km (86.3 mi) of coastline. The island is the flat summit of a submarine mountain more than 4,500 metres (15,000 ft),[13] the depth of the platform from which it rises being about 4,200 m (14,000 ft) and its height above the sea being upwards of 300 m (980 ft).[14] The mountain was originally a volcano, and some basalt is exposed in places such as The Dales and Dolly Beach, but most of the surface rock is limestone accumulated from the growth of coral over millions of years.[15]。

The climate is tropical, with heat and humidity moderated by trade winds. Steep cliffs along much of the coast rise abruptly to a central plateau. Elevation ranges from sea level to 361 m (1,180 ft) at Murray Hill. The island is mainly tropical rainforest, of which 63% is National Park.。

The narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard.。

Christmas Island is 500 km (310 mi) south of Indonesia and about 2,600 km (1,600 mi) northwest of Perth.。

[edit] Flora and fauna。

See also: Birds of Christmas Island。

Coconut crab

Christmas Island red crab 。

Red-footed Boobies 。

Common Noddy

Brown BoobyChristmas Island is of immense scientific value as it was uninhabited until the late nineteenth century, so many unique species of fauna and flora exist which have evolved independently of human interference. Two species of native rats, the Maclear's and Bulldog Rat have gone extinct since the island was settled, the species of shrew has not been seen since the mid 1980s and may be already extinct, and the Christmas Island Pipistrelle, a small bat is critically endangered. Two-thirds of the island has been declared a National Park which is managed by the Australian Department of Environment and Heritage through Parks Australia.。

The dense rainforest has evolved in the deep soils of the plateau and on the terraces. The forests are dominated by twenty-five tree species. Ferns, orchids and vines grow on the branches in the humid atmosphere beneath the canopy. The 135 plant species include sixteen which are found only on Christmas Island.。

The annual red crab mass migration (around 100 million animals) to the sea to spawn has been called one of the wonders of the natural world[16] and takes place each year around November; after the start of the wet season and in synchronisation with the cycle of the moon.。

The land crabs and sea birds are the most noticeable animals on the island. Twenty terrestrial and intertidal species of crab (of which thirteen are regarded as true land crabs, only dependent on the ocean for larval development) have been described. Robber crabs, known elsewhere as coconut crabs, also exist in large numbers on the island.。

Christmas Island is a focal point for sea birds of various species. Eight species or subspecies of sea birds nest on the island. The most numerous is the Red-footed Booby that nests in colonies, in trees, on many parts of the shore terrace. The widespread Brown Booby nests on the ground near the edge of the seacliff and inland cliffs. Abbott's Booby (listed as endangered) nests on tall emergent trees of the western, northern and southern plateau rainforest. The Christmas Island forest is the only nesting habitat of the Abbott's Booby left in the world. The endemic Christmas Island Frigatebird (listed as endangered) has nesting areas on the north-eastern shore terraces and the more widespread. Great Frigatebirds nest in semi-deciduous trees on the shore terrace with the greatest concentrations being in the North West and South Point areas. The Common Noddy and two species of bosuns or tropicbirds, with their brilliant gold or silver plumage and distinctive streamer tail feathers, also nest on the island. Of the ten native land birds and shorebirds, seven are endemic species or subspecies. Some 86 migrant bird species have been recorded.。

[edit] Communications and transportation。

Telephone services are provided by Telstra and are a part of the Australian network with the same prefix as Western Australia (08). A GSM mobile telephone system replaced the old analogue network in February 2005. Four free-to-air television stations from Australia are broadcast (ABC, SBS, GWN and WIN) in the same time-zone as Perth. Radio broadcasts from Australia include ABC Radio National, ABC Regional radio and Red FM. All services are provided by satellite links from the mainland. Broadband internet became available to subscribers in urban areas in mid 2005 through the local internet service provider, CIIA (formerly dotCX).。

Christmas Island, due to its close proximity to Australia's northern neighbours, falls within many of the more 'interesting' satellite footprints throughout the region. This results in ideal conditions for receiving various Asian broadcasts which locals sometimes prefer to the West Australian provided content. Additionally, ionospheric conditions usually bode well for many of the more terrestrial radio transmissions - HF right up through VHF and sometimes in to UHF. The island plays home to a small array of radio equipment that, evidently, spans a good chunk of the usable spectrum. A variety of government owned and operated antenna systems are employed on the island to take advantage of this.。

A container port exists at Flying Fish Cove with an alternative container unloading point to the south of the island at Norris Point for use during the December to March 'swell season" of seasonal rough seas.。

An 18 km standard gauge railway from Flying Fish Cove to the phosphate mine was constructed in 1914. It was closed in December 1987 when the Australian Government closed the mine but remains largely intact.。

There are three weekly flights into Christmas Island Airport from Perth, Western Australia (via RAAF Learmonth) and a weekly charter flight from Malaysia operated by Malaysia Airlines on Saturdays.。

There is a new recreation centre at Phosphate Hill operated by the Shire of Christmas Island. There is also a taxi service. The road network covers most of the island and is generally good quality, although four wheel drive vehicles are needed to access some more distant parts of the rain forest or the more isolated beaches, which are only accessible by rough dirt roads.。

[edit]

土壤动物在草地健康评价中作用？

绝对是小豹猫。

【中文名称】：豹猫

【拉丁学名】：Felis bengalensis 命名：Kerr， 1792。

【俗名】：山狸，野猫，狸猫，麻狸，铜钱猫，石虎，抓鸡虎。

【英文名】：Leopard Cat。

【商品名】：狸子

【生态环境】：山地林区或郊野灌丛等处。常居于近水地方， 而远离干燥区域。

【国内分布】：黑龙江， 吉林， 辽宁， 河北， 山西， 陕西， 宁夏， 甘肃， 青海， 山东， 河南， 江苏， 浙江， 安徽， 湖北， 湖南， 四川， 贵州， 云南， 西藏， 台湾， 福建， 广东， 广西， 海南。

【国外分布】：亚洲大陆东部和南部及南亚各群岛， 相邻各国均有分布。

[编辑本段]分类信息

分类地位：

动物界 Fauna → 脊索动物门 CHORDATA → 脊椎动物亚门 Vertebrata → 哺乳纲 Mammalia → 真兽亚纲 Tberia → 食肉目 Carnivora → 猫科 Felidae → 猫亚科 Felinae → 豹猫属 Prionailurus → 豹猫 Prionailurus bengalensis。

下属分类：

| 豹猫指名亚种 Prionailurus bengalensis bengalensis | 豹猫北方亚种 Prionailurus bengalensis euptilura | 豹猫华东亚种 Prionailurus bengalensis chinensis | 豹猫川西亚种 Prionailurus bengalensis scripta | 豹猫海南亚种 Prionailurus bengalensis hainana。

[编辑本段]濒危信息

CITES濒危等级： 附录II 生效年代： 1997。

IUCN濒危等级： 未列入 生效年代： 1996。

IUCN濒危等级： 生效年代： 2003年。

国家重点保护等级： 未列入 生效年代： 1989。

中国濒危动物红皮书等级： 易危 生效年代： 1996。

[编辑本段]形态特征

豹猫 是一种有着美丽皮毛的猫科动物，尾背有褐斑点半环，尾端黑色或暗棕色。它们的体型比家猫稍大，约45-95cm，腿也更长，尾巴大约是身长的一半左右。随着分布区域的不同，它们毛发的底色也分很多种，包括淡褐色、黄色、灰棕色或红棕色。在北方地区往往灰棕色偏多。它们的身上点缀着或大或小深棕或黑色的斑点，前额到颈部常有四条深色的纵向条纹，四肢和尾巴也各有斑纹环绕，此外在背部中央常有一条斑纹贯穿全身。它们的腹部、胸部是白色的。它们的毛发长短各异，如果在北方地区，毛发则显得长而密，到了南方就成了精神的短毛猫了,豹猫的头部比较小，吻部也窄。它们的下巴是白色的，眼窝内侧和两颊都有白色斑纹。豹猫的耳朵比较长，尖端呈圆形，黑色的耳背也同样印有白色斑点。

[编辑本段]分布范围

一、国外主要分布：

豹猫是亚洲地区分布最广泛的小型猫科动物，广泛分布于东亚、东南亚、南亚各地。包括：俄罗斯（西伯利亚和远东地区）、朝鲜北部、巴基斯坦、尼泊尔、不丹、锡金、印度、孟加拉国、缅甸、泰国、老挝、越南、柬埔寨、马来西亚、新加坡、印度尼西亚和菲律宾。

二、国内主要分布：

省份：

北京 河北 山西 内蒙古 辽宁 吉林 黑龙江 江苏 浙江 安徽 福建 江西 山东 河南 湖北 湖南 广东 广西 海南 四川 贵州 云南 西藏 陕西 甘肃 青海 宁夏 台湾 香港。

分布在以下保护区：

天堂寨 松山（北京） 牛姆林 武夷山（福建） 武夷山（福建） 戴云山 白水江（甘肃） 南岭 南昆山 豫北黄河故道湿地 鼎湖山 大瑶山水源林（广西） 防城金花茶 道真大沙河 赤水桫椤 麻阳河 雷公山 习水 梵净山 茂兰 吊罗山 尖峰岭 坝王岭（昌江、白沙） 董寨鸟类 济源猕猴 鸡公山 宝天曼（内乡） 洪河 凉水 兴凯湖 九宫山 神农架 后河 桃源洞 壶瓶山 八大公山 索溪峪 莽山 长白山 鄱阳湖 武夷山（江西） 岩泉 桃红岭 桃红岭 井冈山 双台河口 老秃顶子 老秃顶子 白石砬子 六盘山（宁夏） 青海湖鸟岛 庞泉沟 太白山 佛坪 王朗 王朗 卧龙 缙云山 金佛山 珠穆朗玛峰 石林（云南） 哀牢山 大围山 金平分水岭 高黎贡山 高黎贡山 铜壁关 铜壁关 南麂列岛 清凉峰 天目山（浙江） 古田山 乌岩岭 三江（黑龙江） 瓦屋山 赛罕乌拉 朱家山 安溪云山 小溪 八仙山 梅花鹿铁布 黄河三角洲。

分布在以下山脉湖泊：

阿尔金山 长白山 中条山 大别山 都庞岭 关帝山 昆仑山-东段 老爷岭 老爷岭 小兴安岭 五指山 五指山 五台山 完达山 六盘山 芦牙山 太行山 清凉峰 秦岭 千山 祁连山 祁连山 大兴安岭南段 张广才岭 张广才岭 伏牛山 河湟谷地 吊罗山。

[编辑本段]生活习性

豹猫主要栖息于山地林区、郊野灌丛和林缘村寨附近。分布的海拔高度可从低海拔海岸带一直分布到海拔3000m高山林区。在半开阔的稀树灌丛生境中数量最多，浓密的原始森林、垦殖的人工林（如橡胶林、茶林等）和空旷的平原农耕地数量较少，干旱荒漠、沙丘几无分布。窝穴多在树洞、土洞、石块下或石缝中。豹猫的巢域大小，根据Rabinowitz（1990）在泰国对3个雄性和1个雌性的无线电跟踪研究为1.5～7.5k㎡，核心区为0.7～2.0k㎡。豹猫主要为树栖，攀爬能力强，在树上活动灵敏自如。夜行性，晨昏活动较多。独栖或成对活动。善游水，喜在水塘边、溪沟边、稻田边等近水之处活动和觅食，主要以鼠类、松鼠、飞鼠、兔类、蛙类、蜥蜴、蛇类、小型鸟类、昆虫等为食，也吃浆果、榕树果和部分嫩叶、嫩草，有时潜入村寨盗食鸡、鸭等家禽。北方的豹猫繁殖有一定的季节性，一般春夏季繁殖，春节发情交配，妊娠期56天左右，5～6月产仔，每年1胎，每胎2～4仔，以2仔居多。出生10天后的小猫睁开眼睛，23天后能够吃固体食物，如果小猫被杀死，母猫可能在当年内再次发情，并再次产下幼崽。南方地区的豹猫一年四季都可繁殖。

[编辑本段]种群现状

豹猫在我国分布广，资源数量大，是我国传统的外贸出口裘皮之一。60～70年代，我国豹猫毛皮年收购量约20～25万张，估计全国的豹猫资源量不少于100万只；70年代以后，豹猫在多数省区数量下降，有些省区（如北方和华东地区）豹猫几乎成为濒危物种；80年以后，年收购量约为60年代的1/3～1/2。陆厚基等曾统计过我国南方六省区（云南、贵州、广西、湖南、湖北、江西）1955～1981年的收购数，60年代中期1964、1965年六省区的年收购量分别为22.2万和17.2万张；1978、1979年分别为12.6万，14.1万张（Lu and Sheng， 1986）。在80年代中期，我国的豹猫皮张年收购数仍保持在15～20万张左右。据Yu（1991，in Litt.）的资料，我国1989～1990年的豹猫皮库存量有80余万张。根据我们最近的调查，1991～1992年我国豹猫皮的收购数约在10万张左右，其资源约为60年代的一半。在我国，西南地区（包括云南、贵州、广西和四川）是我国豹猫资源最丰富的地区，其收购量约占全国收购量的50％～60％。从1985年以来，没有有关豹猫的种群现状的科学报道（Yu， 1995）。

[编辑本段]饲养情况

国内有过少量养殖，在人工饲养下能够繁殖，性成熟年龄为2岁，动物园中饲养的寿命可达13年（寿振黄等，1962）。

[编辑本段]致危因素

1. 致危因素主要是长期以来作为毛皮兽而大量捕杀和贸易。

2. 经济林木（人工纯林）和作物的大面积垦植，使豹猫栖息地被破坏和恶化。

3. 作野昧食用，在80年代，华南地区每年的消耗量约数千。

4. 部分农区灭鼠后引起第二次中毒而造成豹猫死亡。

[编辑本段]现有保护措施

豹猫是我国一种重要的大宗毛皮兽，资源较多，一直未被列为国家重点保护野生动物。然而，在国际上被濒危物种公约（CITES）列入附录 II，指名亚种被列入附录 I，包括我国的种群。我国参加该公约后，根据实际情况，提出提案，经1985年该公约成员国大会通过，我国的指名亚种种群降为附录 II，多年的库存豹猫皮重新得以出口。但因管理不力，也带来大量捕杀和收购的负面影响。后经再次暂停出口多年，豹猫种群的威胁才有所减缓。

[编辑本段]保护措施建议

1、建议把豹猫列入我国II类国家重点保护野生动物名单，把豹猫资源的持续利用与保护共同纳入我国法制轨道；

2、在豹猫资源最集中的地区，建立全国性的豹猫资源动态监测信息库，收集和分析全国豹猫数量变动趋势，定期提出各省区每年的收购猎捕限额和出口限额的建议，实行对豹猫的监控和国际间的交流；

3、开展定期的豹猫资源数量变动调查，建立全国性的资源信息网络系统。

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