cultureshock听力录音

cultural shock 的定义 最好用英语

Culture Shock)主要是来自于两个不同文化差异而引起。可以发生在任何时候，任何新环境。当你到达一个地方觉得很陌生、很困惑，不知道自己的角色是什么、应定位在哪里？应怎么表现才恰当等等，觉得很不舒服、很不自在时，就是"shock"。好像过去所有的经验在刹那间突然「短路」。很多时候，「文化震撼」会引起身体上的一些症状：如头痛、胃囗不好、睡眠失调或者心理上的焦虑、沮丧。

几乎每一个留学生都经验过文化震撼，只是有时当事人并不清楚知道自己正在经历或曾经有过。其实文化震撼并不是指突发一次即结束的 "shock" 的感觉，而是在一段时间内，密集式的有强有弱的震惊，仓惶和被冲击到的感觉。过去的文化背景和新文化差异愈大时，震撼的感觉会愈强且愈密集。文化震撼的开始到结束，其实就是一个适应新文化的过程。由柳洪平创建。

culture shock的案例？

The term, culture shock, was introduced for the first time in 1958 to describe the anxiety produced when a person moves to a completely new environment. This term express the lack of direction, the feeling of not knowing what to do or how to do things in a new environment, and not knowing what is appropriate or inappropriate. The feeling of culture shock generally sets in after the first few weeks of coming to a new place. 。

We can describe culture shock as the physical and emotional discomfort one suffers when coming to live in another country or a place different from the place of origin. Often, the way that we lived before is not accepted as or considered as normal in the new place. Everything is different, for example, not speaking the language, not knowing how to use banking machines, not knowing how to use the telephone and so forth.。

The symptoms of cultural shock can appear at different times. Although, one can experience real pain from culture shock; it is also an opportunity for redefining one’s life objectives. It is a great opportunity for leaning and acquiring new perspectives. Culture shock can make one develop a better understanding of oneself and stimulate personal creativity.。

Symptoms:

·Sadness, loneliness, melancholy。

·Preoccupation with health。

·Aches, pains, and allergies。

·Insomnia, desire to sleep too much or too little。

·Changes in temperament, depression, feeling vulnerable, feeling powerless。

·Identifying with the old culture or idealizing the old country。

·Loss of identity。

·Trying too hard to absorb everything in the new culture or country。

·Unable to solve simple problems。

·Lack of confidence。

·Feeling of inadequacy or insecurity。

·Developing stereotyped about the new culture。

·Developing obsessions such as over-cleanliness。

·Longing for family。

·Feelings of being lost, overlooked, exploited or abused。

Stages of Culture Shock。

Culture shock has many stages. Each stage can be ongoing or appear only at certain times. The first stage is the incubation stage. In this first stage, the new arrival may feel euphoric and be pleased by all of the new things encountered. This time is called the “honeymoon” stage, as everything encountered is new and exciting.。

Afterwards, the second stage presents itself. A person may encounter some difficult times and crises in daily life. For example, communication difficulties may occur such as not being understood. In this stage, there may be feelings of discontent, impatience, anger, sadness, and feeling incompetence, this happens when a person is trying to adapt to a new culture that is very different from the culture of origin. Transition between the old methods and those of the new country is a difficult process and takes time to complete. During the transition, there can be strong feelings of dissatisfaction.。

The third stage is characterized by gaining some understanding of the new culture. A new feeling of pleasure and sense of humor may be experienced. One may start to feel a certain psychological balance. The new arrival may not feel as lost and starts to have a feeling of direction. The individual is more familiar with the environment and wants to belong. This initiates an evaluation of the old ways versus those of the new.。

In the forth stage, the person realizes that the culture has good and bad things to offer. This stage can be one of double integration or triple integration depending on the number of cultures that the person has to process. This integration is accompanied by a more solid feeling of belonging. The person starts to define him/herself and establish goals for living.。

The fifth stage is the stage that is called the “re-entry shock..” this occurs when a return to the country of origin is made. One may fin that things are no longer the same. For example, some of the newly acquired customs are not in use in the old culture.。

These stages are present at different times and each person has their own way of reacting in the stages of culture shock. As a consequence, some stages will be longer and more difficult than others. Many factors contribute to the duration and effects of culture shock. For example, the individual’s state of mental health, type of personality, previous experiences, socio-economic conditions, familiarity with the language, family and/or social support systems,and level of education。

跨文化交际cultureshock的定义

中西文化差异

对于中西文化，在具体事例上，我们不免会发现许多差异之处，例如：

别人赞扬时，中国人谦虚西方人感激；

做饭做事，西方人总是弄清几斤几两几时几刻，中国人多用少许、片刻之类的词；

餐桌上，中国人劝客人多吃多喝，西方人则尊重客人个人权益，不督促不强求；

烹饪上，中国人注重色香味等菜肴的形式美感，西方人更多注重食物的营养；

中国人吃饭时围成一桌共同吃，西方人则将食物分成每人一份；

美术上，西方人求真，中国人求神；等等。

中国人实践含蕴理性西方人理性指导实践。所谓理性，指人用正常的思维对事物进行思考后做选择，能够说理性就是逻辑在具体事物上的应用。而逻辑的总结在于我们先验的思维本事和经验的总结。实践是广义的行为和做事。

大致的，理性指导实践要求西方人凡事以事实为重，以逻辑为准则，以概念为单位，一个体为本；实践含蕴理性要求中国人凡事以和气为重，以实际具体情景为准，以感性认识为美。

中国人有服从性，西方人重视自由平等等。西方和中国的原始社会是没什么差别的，人口很少，生产力水平低，生产资料公有制，以亲族关系为基础，对社会的控制则靠传统和家长来维系。

但之后随着生产力水平的提高，出现产品的剩余，贫富分化和私有制，共同分配和共同劳动的关系被破坏，被阶级社会所代替的时候，中西两方的社会就有不一样了。阶级社会以奴隶制社会为主。世界各地奴隶制国家的统治形式不尽相同。

东方的奴隶制国家实行君主制，全部的国家权力在形式上属于世袭的君主。

西方的希腊雅典实行“直接民主制”，主要由奴隶主和自由民参加的“人民大会”选举和抽签产生公职人员。古罗马和斯巴达实行贵族制，贵族组成的元老院（古罗马）和长老会议（斯巴达）掌握重要权力。抑或是其他的一些制度。

对这种制度的不一样作原因上的思考，我们显然看到了地理环境在其中的作用。欧洲的古礼貌多处地中海沿岸，其特点是岛屿众多，充斥着海岸线，而各岛屿上的劳动产品容易有地域局限性，于是人们较喜欢于各个岛屿或半岛之间进行原始的经济贸易，地中海平静的水面恰有利于航海的进行。

然而又因为其岛屿半岛众多，各民族各部落占地一方，以水相隔，占岛为王，划清界限，所以不利于被某个民族统治侵占，所以各地进行的是平等的贸易交换。

贸易的平等依靠于人们地位的平等，人们思维观念的平等，为了维护这种社会生活的正常秩序，“ 于是就产生了凌驾于个个部落和氏族的法的习惯之上的雅典普遍适用的民族法”（马恩选集）。于是这样的生存方式有利于实行民主制，即便没有实行民主制，民主的思想亦容易被理解。

希腊城邦制度是欧洲历史的开源，也正是这种生存方式的代表和真实写照。进而，“城邦生活中将普遍性的法律确立为不可动摇的圭臬的做法，使希腊人养成了一种把抽象的原则看得比感性的生活更加具有本质性的思维习惯”（西方哲学史 赵林 邓晓芒）。

由此我们能够看到了，地理环境影响生存方式，生存方式影响思维习惯，当然了，思维习惯进而影响了文化。

扩展资料：

中美文化之对比 ：

从历史上看，美国不是一个传统意义上的国家，只是一个新兴的利益的联邦，而且由于历史短仍然处于发展过程，社会的兴衰周期还没有在美国身上充分体现。

因此把它与传统意义的国家进行对比，有很多不可比性。一旦其形成一些固有的难以改变的自身文化属性后，才能算作一个成熟的国家。

文化层面的对比 ：

根据对文化的理解，美国所能够继承的东西主要来自法国大革命时期的思想成果，以及传统西方的基督教义。

上帝成为其与西方文明共有的共主，虽然谁也没见过。耶稣不过是用来宣传这种思想的一个教案或者工具。

上帝的文明准则有什么呢，就是黑暗，欺骗，掠夺，弱肉强食。所谓的慈善，道德只是用来宽恕恶人和恶行的，偶尔的光明都是上帝带来的而不是人带来的。

从这点可以看出，虽然他们继承了法国大革命的优秀成果，但是没有脱离传统西方文明的框架。从自诩传统美国人的布什的所作所为中可以看出其秉承的传统价值观，布什可以说是近代以来，与法国大革命提出的自由、平等、博爱最远的一个总统了，因而也更能充分体现美国传统价值观的另一面。

文化休克。根据查询相关公开信息显示，cultureshock翻译是文化休克，指的是一个人从其固有的文化环境中跨越到一个新的文化环境所产生的文化上的不适应。跨文化交际是指拥有不同文化认知和符号体系的人文之间进行的交际。

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