94204

约瑟夫班克斯的英文介绍

按照条件说，本案于某之死与张某的伤害行为有刑法上的因果关系。

本案中虽然于某有特殊体质，但此情况并不作为能独立存在的接入因素，从而割裂死亡与伤害行为的关系。因为对于客观事实而言，没有张某的一拳，于某的肿瘤就不会爆裂。

再有，＂用力打一拳＂即说明有伤害之故意，我们也不能假设如果张某知道于某有肿瘤就不会打这一拳，毕竟故意伤害是对他人生命权和健康权的伤害，法律对此是广泛性的保护的。

可定故意伤害罪，死亡作为加重情节。

怪化猫全集迅雷下载

我给你发信吧，这里不让我粘贴链接。

Joseph Banks

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia。

Jump to: navigation, search。

For clothier, see JoS. A. Bank Clothiers.。

Joseph Banks

Born 13 February 1743。

30 Argyll Street, London。

Died 19 June 1820。

London, England。

Nationality United Kingdom。

Fields Botany

Alma mater University of Oxford。

Known for Endeavour voyage。

Influences Israel Lyons。

Author abbreviation (botany) Banksia。

Sir Joseph Banks, 1st Baronet, GCB, PRS (13 February 1743 – 19 June 1820) was an English naturalist, botanist and patron of the natural sciences. He took part in Captain James Cook's first great voyage (1768–1771).[1] Banks is credited with the introduction to the Western world of eucalyptus, acacia, mimosa, and the genus named after him, Banksia. Approximately 80 species of plants bear Banks's name. Banks was also the leading founder of the African Association, a British organization dedicated to the exploration of Africa.。

Contents [hide]。

1 Biography

1.1 Newfoundland and Labrador。

1.2 Endeavour voyage。

1.3 Later life

2 Legacy

3 Notes

4 References

4.1 Primary resource。

4.2 Secondary resources。

4.2.1 Select unpublished monographs。

4.2.2 Fiction

5 See also

6 External links。

[edit] Biography。

A portrait of Banks painted in 1757, the artist is unknown but the painting has been attributed to Lemuel Francis Abbott or Johann Zoffany; the print under his right hand is a botanical illustration.[2]Banks was born in London to the wealthy William Banks, a prosperous Lincolnshire country squire and member of the House of Commons, and his wife Sarah, daughter of William Bate. Joseph was educated at Harrow School from the age of 9, and at Eton College from 1756; his fellow students included Constantine John Phipps. As a boy Banks enjoyed exploring the Lincolnshire countryside, and developed a keen interest in nature, history and botany. When he was 17 he was inoculated with smallpox, but he became ill and did not return to school. In late 1760 he was enrolled as a gentleman-commoner at Oxford University. At Oxford he matriculated at Christ Church, where his studies were largely focused on natural history rather than the classical curriculum. Determined to receive botanical instruction, he paid the Cambridge botanist Israel Lyons to deliver a series of lectures at Oxford in 1764.[3]。

Banks left Oxford for Chelsea in December 1763. He continued to attend the university until 1764, but left that year without taking a degree. His father had died in 1761, so when he turned 21 he inherited the impressive estate of Revesby Abbey, in Lincolnshire, becoming the local squire and magistrate, and sharing his time between Lincolnshire and London. From his mother's home in Chelsea he kept up his interest in science by attending the Chelsea Physic Garden of the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries and the British Museum, where he met Daniel Solander. He began to make friends among the scientific men of his day and to correspond with Carl Linnaeus, whom he came to know through Solander. As Banks's influence increased, he became an adviser to King George III and urged the monarch to support voyages of discovery to new lands, hoping to indulge his own interest in botany.。

[edit] Newfoundland and Labrador。

In 1766 Banks was elected to the Royal Society, and in the same year he accompanied Phipps to Newfoundland and Labrador with a view of studying their natural history. He made his name by publishing the first Linnean descriptions of the plants and animals of Newfoundland and Labrador.[4]。

[edit] Endeavour voyage。

Satire on Banks titled "The Botanic Macaroni". A macaroni was a pejorative term used for a fashionable dandy in the 18th CenturyBanks was promptly appointed to a joint Royal Navy/Royal Society scientific expedition to the south Pacific Ocean on HM Bark Endeavour, 1768—1771. This was the first of James Cook's voyages of discovery in that region. This voyage went to Brazil, where Banks made the first scientific description of a now common garden plant, bougainvillea (named after Cook's French counterpart, Louis Antoine de Bougainville), and to other parts of South America. The voyage then progressed to Tahiti (where the transit of Venus was observed, the overt purpose of the mission), to New Zealand and to the east coast of Australia, where Cook mapped the coastline and made landfall at Botany Bay (present-day suburban Sydney) and at Endeavour River (near modern Cooktown) in Queensland, where they spent almost seven weeks ashore while the ship was repaired after foundering on the Great Barrier Reef[4]. Banks had become a Freemason before he left England, and is thus held to be the first Freemason known to have been in New Zealand and Australia. While they were in Australia Banks, the Swedish botanist Daniel Solander and the Finnish botanist Dr. Herman Spöring Jr. made the first major collection of Australian flora, describing many species new to science. Almost 800 specimens were illustrated by the artist Sydney Parkinson and appear in Banks's Florilegium, finally published in 35 volumes between 1980 and 1990.。

Banks arrived back in England on 12 July 1771 and immediately became famous. He intended to go with Cook on his second voyage, which began on 13 May 1772, but difficulties arose about the accommodation for Banks and his assistants, and he decided not to go. In July of the same year he and Daniel Solander visited the Isle of Wight, the western islands of Scotland and Iceland[4] aboard the Sir Lawrence and returned with many botanical specimens. When he settled in London he began work on his Florilegium. He kept in touch with most of the scientists of his time, and added a fresh interest when he was elected to the Dilettante Society in 1774. He was afterwards secretary of this society from 1778 to 1797. On 30 November 1778 he was elected President of the Royal Society[4], a position he was to hold with great distinction for over 41 years.。

In March 1779 Banks married Dorothea, daughter of W. W. Hugesson, and settled in a large house at 32 Soho Square (now occupied by 20th Century Fox). It continued to be his London residence for the remainder of his life. There he welcomed the scientists, students and authors of his period, and many distinguished foreign visitors. His sister Sarah Sophia Banks lived in the house with Banks and his wife. He had as librarian and curator of his collections Solander, Jonas Carlsson Dryander and Robert Brown in succession.。

In The great South Sea Caterpillar, transform'd into a Bath Butterfly (1795), James Gillray caricatured Banks's investiture with the Order of the Bath as a result of his expedition.Banks was made a baronet in 1781[4], three years after being elected president of the Royal Society. During much of this time Banks was an informal adviser to King George III on the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, a position that was formalized in 1797. Banks dispatched explorers and botanists to many parts of the world, and through these efforts Kew Gardens became arguably the pre-eminent botanical gardens in the world, with many species being introduced to Europe through them. Banks was directly responsible for several famous voyages, including that of George Vancouver to the northeastern Pacific (Pacific Northwest), and William Bligh's voyages to transplant breadfruit from the South Pacific to the Caribbean Sea islands (the latter brought about the famous Mutiny on the Bounty). The redoubtable Bligh was also appointed governor of New South Wales on Banks's recommendation, which in turn led to the Rum Rebellion of 1808. Banks was also a major financial supporter of William Smith in his decade-long efforts to create a geological map of England, the first-ever geological map of an entire country. Banks also chose Allan Cunningham for voyages to Brazil and the north and northwest coasts of Australia to collect specimens.。

It was Banks's own time in Australia, however, that led to his interest in the British colonisation of that continent. He was to be the greatest proponent of settlement in New South Wales, as is hinted by its early colloquial name, Botany Bay. The identification might have been even closer, as the name "Banksia" was proposed for the region by Linnaeus. In the end a genus of Proteaceae was named in his honour as Banksia[4]. In 1779 Banks, giving evidence before a committee of the House of Commons, had stated that in his opinion the place most eligible for the reception of convicts "was Botany Bay, on the coast of New Holland". His interest did not stop there, for when the settlement was made, and for 20 years afterwards, his fostering care and influence was always being exercised. He was in fact the general adviser to the government on all Australian matters. He arranged that a large number of useful trees and plants should be sent out in the supply ship Guardian which, however, was wrecked, and every vessel that came from New South Wales brought plants or animals or geological and other specimens to Banks. He was continually called on for help in developing the agriculture and trade of the colony, and his influence was used in connection with the sending out of early free settlers, one of whom, a young gardener George Suttor, afterwards wrote a memoir of Banks. The three early governors, Arthur Phillip, John Hunter, and Philip Gidley King, were continually in correspondence with him. He was interested in the explorations of Matthew Flinders, George Bass and Lieutenant James Grant, and among his paid helpers were George Caley, Robert Brown and Allan Cunningham.。

[edit] Later life。

Among other activities, Banks found time to served as a trustee of the British Museum for 42 years.[5]。

Banks' house became the office of the Zoological Society of LondonBanks worked with Sir Goerge Staunton in producing the official account of the British mission to the Chinese Imperial court. This diplomatic and trade mission was headed by Lord George Macartney. Although the Macartney Embassy returned to London without obtaining any concession from China, the mission could have been termed a success because it brought back detailed observations. This multi-volume work was taken chiefly from the papers of Lord Maccauley and from the papers of Sir Erasmus Gower, who was Commander of the expedition. Banks was responsible for selecting and arranging engraving of the illustrations in this official record.[6]。

Banks's health began to fail early in the 19th century and he suffered from gout[4] every winter. After 1805 he practically lost the use of his legs and had to be wheeled to his meetings in a chair. His mind remained as vigorous as ever. He had been a member of the Society of Antiquaries nearly all his life, and he developed an interest in archaeology in his later years. He was made an honorary founding member of the Wernerian Natural History Society of Edinburgh in 1808. In May 1820 he forwarded his resignation as president of the Royal Society, but withdrew it at the request of the council. He died on 19 June 1820. Lady Banks survived him, but there were no children[4].。

[edit] Legacy

Banks's impact on history was as a systematizer par excellence, very much in step with his times. He was also a major supporter of the internationalist nature of science, being actively involved both in keeping open the lines of communication with continental scientists during the Napoleonic Wars, and in introducing the British people to the wonders of the wider world. As befits someone with such a role in opening the South Pacific to Europe, his name dots the map of the region: Banks Peninsula on South Island, New Zealand; the Banks Islands in modern-day Vanuatu; and Banks Island in the Northwest Territories, Canada.。

The Canberra suburb of Banks, the electoral Division of Banks, and the Sydney suburb of Bankstown are all named after him. Banks also appeared on the Australian currency paper $5 dollar note before it was replaced by the new plastic currency.。

In Lincoln The Sir Joseph Banks Conservatory can be found at The Lawn, Lincoln adjacent to Lincoln Castle. The conservatory is a popular tourist attraction with a tropical hot house themed with plants reminiscent of the voyages of its namesake, including many samples of vegetation from across the world, including Australia. There is also a window in Lincoln Cathedral in his honour.。

The standard author abbreviation Banks is used to indicate this individual as the author when citing a botanical name.[7]。

[edit] Notes

^ O'Brian, Patrick. (1987). Joseph Banks: A Life. [Note: In O'Brian's Aubrey–Maturin series of novels, the author based the characters of Joseph Blaine and Stephen Maturin on Sir Joseph.]。

^ O'Brian, P. 1987. Joseph Banks: A Life. Collins Harvill. ISBN 0-00-217350-6 p 23-24。

^ John Gascoigne, Banks, Sir Joseph, baronet (1743–1820), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004。

^ a b c d e f g h L. A. Gilbert (1966). "Banks, Sir Joseph (1743 - 1820)". Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 1 pp 52-55. MUP. Retrieved on 2007-11-06.。

^ Anderson, R. G. W. "Joseph Banks and the British Museum, The World of Collecting, 1770-1830," Journal of the History of Collections. Vol. 20: pp. 151-152 (2000).。

^ Banks, Joseph. Papers of Sir Joseph Banks; Section 12: Lord Macartney’s embassy to China; Series 62: Papers concerning publication of the account of Lord Macartney's Embassy to China, ca 1797. [State Library of New South Wales.]。

^ Brummitt, R. K.; C. E. Powell (1992). Authors of Plant Names. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 1-84246-085-4.。

[edit] References。

[edit] Primary resource。

Banks, Joseph. State Library of New South Wales. Papers of Sir Joseph Banks -- Section 1 - Journals; Section 2 - The first Pacific voyage of James Cook; Section 3 - The second Pacific voyage of James Cook; Section 4 - The third Pacific voyage of James Cook; Section 5 - Gardeners and collectors; Section 6 - Australia and the South Seas; Section 7 - Governors of New South Wales; Section 8 - The first breadfruit voyage of William Bligh; Section 9 - The second breadfruit voyage of William Bligh; Section 10 - Naval commands of William Bligh; Section 11 - The voyage of George Vancouver to the west coast of America; Section 12 - Lord Macartney’s embassy to China; Section 13 - The voyage of Matthew Flinders; Section 14 - The discovery of Pitcairn Island; Section 15 - General Correspondence and memoranda; Section 16 - Miscellaneous reports and articles; Section 17 - Lincolnshire; Section 18 - Sarah Sophia Banks; Section 19 - Dorothea, Lady Banks.。

____________. National Library of Australia (NLA). Papers of Sir Joseph Banks。

____________. The Endeavour Journal of Joseph Banks, 1768-1771. -- Wikisource。

NLA: The Endeavour Journal of Joseph Banks, 1768-1771. State Library of New South Wales。

NLA Banks' Descriptions in the Journal of Places and Peoples encountered during the Endeavour Voyage.。

Chambers, Neil. (2000). The Letters of Sir Joseph Banks: A Selection, 1768-1820. Singapore: World Scientific. 10-ISBN 1-860-94204-0; 13-ISBN 978-1-860-94204-4。

[edit] Secondary resources。

Carter, Harold Burnell. (1988). Sir Joseph Banks, 1743-1820. London: British Museum of Natural History. 10-ISBN 0-565-00993-1; 13-ISBN 978-0-565-00993-9。

Fara, Patricia. (2004). Sex, Botany & Empire: The Story Of Carl Linnaeus And Joseph Banks. New York: Columbia University Press. 10-ISBN 0-231-13426-6: 13-ISBN 978-0-231-13426-2。

Gascoigne, John. (1994). Joseph Banks and the English Enlightenment: Useful Knowledge and Polite Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10-ISBN 0-521-45077-2; 13-ISBN 978-0521-45077-5 (cloth) -- 10-ISBN 0-521-54211-1; 13-ISBN 978-0-521-54211-1 (paper)。

Gascoigne, John. (1998). Science in the Service of Empire: Joseph Banks, The British State and the Uses of Science in the Age of Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10-ISBN 0-521-55069-6; 13-ISBN 978-0-521-55069-7 (cloth)。

Kryza, Frank T. (207). The Race to Timbuktu: In Search of Africa's City of Gold. New York: HarperCollins. 10-ISBN 0-060-56065-7; 13-ISBN 978-0-060-56065-2。

Lysaght, Averil M. (1971). Joseph Banks in Newfoundland and Labrador, 1766. Berkley: University of California Press. 10-ISBN 0-520-01780-3, 9780520017801。

O'Brian, Patrick. 1993. Joseph Banks: A Life. London: David R. Godine, 1993. 10-ISBN 0-879-23930-1; 13-ISBN 978-0-879-23930-5 (cloth)]; [reprinted by University of Chicago Press, 1997. 10-ISBN 0-226-61628-2; 13-ISBN 978-0-226-61628-5 (paper)]。

___________. 1987. Sir Joseph Banks. London: Harvill Press. 10-ISBN 0-002-72340-9; 13-ISBN 978-0-002-72340-4 (paper)。

[edit] Select unpublished monographs。

1821 - A. Duncan, A Short Account of the Life of the Right Honourable Sir Joseph Banks (University of Edinburgh, UK)。

1936 - G. Mackaness, Sir Joseph Banks. His Relations with Australia (University of Sydney, Australia)。

1952 - H. C. Cameron, Sir Joseph Banks, K.B., P.R.S.; the Autocrat of the Philosophers (University of London, UK)。

1958 - W. R. Dawson (ed), The Banks Letters (University of London, UK)。

1962 - L. A. Gilbert, Botanical Investigation of Eastern Seaboard Australia, 1788-1810 (B.A. thesis, University of New England, Australia)。

1964 - H. B. Carter, His Majesty's Spanish Flock: Sir Joseph Banks and the Merinos of George III of England (University of Sydney, Australia)。

[edit] Fiction

Novels based on a mix of historical fact and conjecture about Banks' early life.。

Davies, Martin. (2005). The Conjurer's Bird. New York: Shaye Areheart/Random House. 10-ISBN 1-400-09733-9; 13-ISBN 978-1-400-09733-3。

O'Brian, Patrick. Aubrey–Maturin series.。

一台冰箱3452元， 买了27台，一共多少元？

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链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/15a5eXLfnj-wlrswXeqj1EQ。

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《怪化猫》是由东映动画制作、富士电视台播出的怪谈动画作品，为动画《怪ayakashi》中的最后一个单元《化猫》的续作，制作人员也是原班人马。从2006年1月12日到3月23日播出，全11话。包含三个故事：《四谷怪谈》（1-4话）、《天守物语》（5-8话）、《化猫》（9-11话）。均以日本知名怪谈为基础、加入创作者们对原作的解读、以自己的观点来创作新的故事。这三篇故事之间并无相互关联，各个故事都有自己的风格，画风也各有差别。

制作方面播出后，化猫由于其特有的浮世绘画风和华丽的视觉效果而倍受好评，后制作方经过讨论，决定把《化猫》作为一个独立的动画制作，因此便有了《怪化猫》。

nrg格式的文件怎么放到随声听里听啊？

3452*27

谁有qq牧场50级的

你说的nrg文件是虚拟光驱文件，不是真正的音乐文件，我想你要的可能是装载在这种光盘镜像中的音。

轨文件，你载入镜像打开虚拟光盘后看到的是些什么文件，是不是都是些track01 track02......这样的文。

件，如果是，那十有八九是dts音乐文件，严格来说，dts也不能算是一种音乐格式，具体含义网上搜一。

下就知道乐，相比杜比环绕系统，它采用更为先进的数字技术对原始音频信息进行编解码以求达到更。

完美更动听的音质。因为包含的原始音频信息量大，像这种高品质的音乐文件体积一般也比较大，所。

以它不会以我们平时在电脑上所听的经过大量压缩的那种带后缀名的音乐文件形式存在，而是以音轨。

的方式写入到光盘中，播放的时候也需要有相应支持dts技术的播放器才行，要在电脑上听，可以用。

footbar（或其它播放器）＋dts插件才可以播放。

你现在要做的首先是把光盘镜像中的这些音轨信息用相应的软件转换成能被电脑上多数播放软件所识。

别的格式，这个转换过程其实就是运用不同的编解码技术对音频信息进行再加工，就像你、我、他而。

且是三个不同民族的人(三种播放器）都不会看也不会读希伯莱语的书（dts文件，天书），

但是张三懂啊（编解码器^_^），他给我们翻译（编解码）成了汉字的，哦，于是我们都能看得懂也能。

读的出来了(∩_∩)，技术虽然复杂，但道理是一样的。理解了这个过程，也才知道某些事该从哪个环。

节入手，其实很多看似繁杂的东西与此相似。

具体怎么做，我虽然想再啰嗦啰嗦，但能说明白同时也得让人听明白看明白确实不太容易，不如图文。

并茂来的一目了然，还好，找到了一个能说明白问题的地方，

地址1 正常页面

http://www.pt80.com/thread-104968-1-1.html 。

地址2 百度快照页面

http://cache.baidu.com/c?。

m=9d78d513d99507ee4fece4697b16c0121f43f1612ba1d4027ea48439e7732a415010e5ac51280443939b73。

3d47e90b4beb832b6f724665a09bbfca0cd7b9852858d97a6b6d5adc0145804fb8cb3026c3269b5ee3b81991。

b9e732e5adc5d3a80e15950d&p=85759a44d19450b10be290664452&user=baidu。

因为我刚才通过正常页面上，浏览器卡的要死，（这会儿好像又没事了) 所以进百度快照页面了，图。

片都能显示。里面提到 的转换提取软件没看是哪里的链接，推荐到这里下吧，比较干净的一个地方，

或者找你自己信得过 的站点吧

地址3 http://www.greendown.cn/soft/985.html。

如果软件没注册，别忘了看看上面页面里软件截图的下面，有注册码。

通过以上工作转完以后应该是 wav格式的，再转成你需要的m4a，有的音频转换软件对应的是AAC，

没有m4a选项，两者是一样的，具体参看这里 。

http://cache.baidu.com/c?m=9f65cb4a8c8507ed4fece763105e8d711923c538658c9242298fc05f93130601127ba6e07e790d77a0b468225cef1f53b5f665&p=8b2a905b9d910aff57eb94204a0e&user=baidu。

用什么工具转实在是太多了，格式工厂还算不错，主要是界面简洁直观，操作也比较方便，大多数音。

视频都可以转，提取出来的wav文件应该不会太小，转换的时候耐心一点吧，或者自己设置下参数，

如果你自己有更好的软件那就不用我过多介绍了。

祝好运

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