Some birds aren't meant to be caged, that's all. Their feathers are just too bright.。
有些鸟儿是永远关不住的,因为它们的每一片羽翼上都沾满了自由的光辉!
Hope is a good thing, maybe the best of things, and no good thing ever dies.。
希望是美好的,也许是人间至善,而美好的事物永不消逝。
《肖申克的救赎》(Shawshank Redemption)是我所看过令人震撼的一部电影之一。故事与其说讲述的是主人公安迪成功越狱、重获自由,倒不如说是安迪从灵魂到肉体获得拯救的过程。在我看来,这部电影所表现的深刻、玄奥的宗教、社会、人生哲理是该片受到赞扬的最重要的原因。也就是说这部片子触及到了人类灵魂最深处的东西,它反思的是一个关于体制化与反体制化、希望与绝望、灵魂救赎的深刻的主题。
institutionalized(体制化)、hope(希望)、redemption(救赎)是《肖》片中三个最为关键的灵魂性词语,理解了这三个词语,我们才能够很好的解读该片所探讨的主题。
第一个词语institutionalized(体制化),影片是通过瑞德(Mogran Freeman饰演)之口说出对这个词语的看法的。他说:“first you hate them ,then you get used to,enough time passes...you get so you depend on them 。That is instititutionalized(起初,你讨厌它,然后你逐渐的习惯它,足够的时间后你开始依赖他。这就是体制化)”。理解片中所谓的体制化,我们回顾一下老布(那个监狱的图书管理员)的一生就明白了。老布在监狱中也就是在一种体制下,渡过了50年,几乎就是一生的时间。可以想象,曾经年轻的布,在刚刚进入这种体制时,他肯定曾经像一切刚刚进入Shawshank的所有NEW fish(菜鸟)一样,愤世嫉俗,并试图反抗,然后和大部分的囚徒一样,他们逐渐发现:反抗等于徒劳,于是从对体制的反抗逐渐变为慢慢的接受然后学会适应体制,最后发展到对体制的严重依赖。可怜的老布,他的灵魂和肉体都已经完全体制化了,在垂暮之年却被放逐出体制之外,可以想象的到,老布在一个几乎完全陌生的体制下是根本无法存活的,此时老布与体制脱离无异于一个胎儿被斩断脐带,因此老布最终选择了结束自己的生命。
第二个词语hope(希望)。对这个词语的阐释是通过安迪和瑞德在午餐中的争论展开的。心存信念和希望的安迪说:“forget that there are ...places...in the world that aren't made out of stone,
there is something ...inside...that they can't get to...that is hope (不要忘了这个世界上还有可以穿透一切高墙的东西,它就在我们的内心深处,他们无法达到,也触摸不到,那就是希望)”,然而睿智的瑞德马上反驳说:“let me tell you something my friend 。hope is a dangerous thing hope can drive a man insane it's got no use on the inside.you'd better get used to that idea (让我来告诉你什么是希望,我的朋友。希望一个危险的东西,它能够使人疯狂,我们心中的希望根本毫无用处。你最好习惯这个观念)”
安迪的救赎 ——个人和群体的灵魂拯救 。
理解了以上两个词语,体制化和反体制化、希望和绝望,我们的主人公安迪开始了影片的主题——灵魂的救赎(redemption)。在Shawshank这个世界中,我们可以把人们划分成两大群体:体制内群体和体制外群体。体制内包括像典狱长和狱警在内,他们是体制的缔造者、执行者和维护者,以典狱长和那个凶狠的狱警无疑是撒旦的化身、穷凶极恶的统治者。而Shawshank的囚徒无疑是属于体制外的人群,他们是体制的服从者、被同化者。体制外的囚徒可以分为四类,以安迪为代表的英雄(hero),以瑞德为代表的精英(elite),以老布等为代表的大众(the masses),和以被虐待致死的肥仔为代表的失败者(alsoran)。英雄在灵魂上是超越体制的,尽管他们的肉体不得不服从体制的约束,然而英雄却能够利用自己伟大的灵魂和伟大的行动不断改变体制、超越体制。精英属于对体制有深刻清醒认识、曾经试图反抗但是最终选择妥协的那一类人。精英和英雄的共同之处在于在灵魂深处,二者都有希望存在。精英和英雄的区别在于,英雄除了在精神上笃信希望外,而且在行动上试图改变体制,这种卓越智慧的努力,正是是英雄成为英雄的根本所在。精英虽然在灵魂中尚有对希望的信仰,然而在行动上他们已经完全放弃了反抗的可能,他们在灵魂上虽然没有被体制化,但在肉体上已经完全体制化了。其次,就是绝大多数的大众(就是你我这样的芸芸众生),他们也曾经试图反抗,但是在强大的体制化的力量之下,他们却不幸的从精神到肉体完全被体制化了。最后,就是那些被淘汰的失败者,他们成了体制的祭品,很快被淹没在体制化的漩涡之中。
当然,安迪通过自己的行动不仅改变了自己的命运,而且深深的影响了牢笼中的其他人:安迪在狱中扩建图书馆,帮助其他犯人读书识字,那个拿到同等学历的问题青年就是被拯救的典型,一个跨掉一代中的嬉皮士竟然能够被教化成一个绅士,我们不得不感叹于救赎的力量。因此安迪的拯救不单单是一个个体的行为,还是一个群体的行为,这完全符合基督教关救赎的定义。影片在阐释安迪反抗的过程时,用了一个宗教性很强的词语——redemption(救赎)。追述这个词语的宗教渊源,我们很容易想起耶稣灵魂拯救的故事,事实上,在片中不知一次的出现过《圣经》,以及对《圣经》的引用。具有讽刺意味的是,那个道貌岸然的典狱长,外表似乎是一个圣洁的圣徒而他的行为和内心却肮脏的像魔鬼。在他的办公室旁边又一个精致的隽语:主的审判将要降临,然而这末日的审判却最终降临到这个审判者身上。
因此,《肖》片最重要的贡献在于对历史观的一种寓言式的阐述和对个体救赎、群体救赎的宗教式的反思。
对该片的反思——救赎就在你我心中 。
不难理解,Shawshank不过是一个寓言而已,它事实上就存在于我们现实的生活中。现实中的每一个人,都在自觉不自觉的扮演着Shawshank中囚徒或者狱方的角色。我们中的大部分人,都将沦为老布那样的命运,逐渐地被体制化直到严重地依赖体制,终其一生不曾越规逾矩。任何一种组织、制度、社会都可以视Shawshank为缩影。比如,我们的大学,某种程度上就是一个Shawshank城堡,当我们离开这座城堡时,我们中的绝大多数是注定要被体制化的,即使进入社会,体制对人的侵蚀也一刻没有停止过,社会历史就是在体制化和反抗体制化的循环中不断前进的,然而救赎却完全在于我们自己的选择,正如安迪的选择一样,再强大的体制也永远无法剥夺我们选择救赎的权利,因为,救赎就存在于我们的心中,那是任何强权也无法到达的地方。to being,or not to being,选择救赎还是选择绝望,选择英雄还是选择大众,选择上帝还是选择撒旦,这一切都在你我心中。
摘自:http://happyhour2005.blogchina.com/2271159.html。
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另:
一部揭露美国司法黑幕的巨片,一幅用友谊和希望描绘的生命画卷,寓含人生哲理的喻世之作。
一条漫长的自由之路、一次灵魂深处的洗涤、一部不朽的励志经典,“希望”遵循神的旨意安睡在内页被挖空的《圣经》里,附着在安迪高大的身躯里,匍匐在500码的下水道里,最后,那条仅有的肮脏之路把安迪送往美丽的新世界。这段充满绝望与沉重的救赎之旅来自臭名远扬的鲨堡监狱、来自惊悚小说大师史蒂芬·金的原著、来自哲理导演达拉邦特的倾力之作。《肖申克的救赎》带来的是恒久不变的真挚友情、百折不挠的灵魂铸炼和生生不息的命运之火。
希望不需要热情,热情的希望只是灵魂深处一次不经意的冲动。在监狱里,当生命的过程只能以时间为刻度的时候,任何高涨的热情都只能无可奈何地向失望举起双手,宿命地接受命运的安排。只有内心清澈的人才能看清人生的荒谬,否则,人只有在面对冤枉时委屈和无奈、在面对压制时愤怒和狂暴、在困境下腐烂,甚或在平常的环境中寂寞和绝望。
怯懦囚禁人的灵魂,希望才可感受自由。强者自救,圣者渡人。
和以往那些讲述阴暗晦涩牢狱生活的监狱片有所不同的是,《肖申克的救赎》是一部讲述友情、困顿、希望与梦想的电影,剧中的男主角冷静的心态、不屈的斗志、足智多谋的设计、锲而不舍的精神非常令人感动。这部电影最能打动人心之处,便是自始至终都能给予人们希望。
总的来说,这是一部值得再三品味的电影佳作。
——《华盛顿邮报》
自由是什么� 自由就是能在阳光下悠闲自得地呼吸。对于我们而言,它就像空气,平常得让你根本不去想失去它会怎样,但是自由对于那些高墙内的囚徒,尤其是那些注定一辈子都要呆在那里的人们又是多么珍贵而又遥不可及。安迪最后逃出鲨堡监狱,是什么实现了对他的救赎?是他心中对自由的渴望,是希望的存在!
——影评人 米 朵
《肖申克的救赎》里,我深深地为主人公安迪对自由一刻不息的渴望震憾了,当他从下水道逃向外面的世界时,当他迎着暴雨和闪电怒吼时,我的心也随着他一同律动着,安迪所获得的身体和心灵上的自由让我觉得痛快极了。
——网友 灯 笼
故事发生在1947年,银行家安迪被指控枪杀了妻子及其情人,被判无期徒刑,关在鲨堡监狱里。
好长时间以来,安迪不和任何人接触,在大家抱怨的同时,他在院子里很悠闲地散步,就像在公园里一样。老犯人瑞德是监狱中的“权威人物”,只要你付得起钱,他几乎有办法搞到任何你想要的东西:香烟,糖果,酒,甚至是大麻。一个月后,安迪请瑞德帮他搞的第一件东西是一把小石锤,他的解释是想雕刻一些小东西以消磨时光,并说会自己想办法逃过狱方的例行检查。不久,瑞德就玩上了安迪刻的国际象棋。之后,安迪又搞了一幅丽塔·海华丝的巨幅海报贴在了牢房的墙上。
由于安迪精通财务制度方面的知识,很快使他摆脱了狱中繁重的体力劳动和其他变态囚犯的骚扰。不久,声名远扬的安迪开始为越来越多的狱警处理税务问题,同时他也逐步成为监狱长诺顿洗黑钱的重要工具。由于安迪不停地写信给州长,终于为监狱申请到了一小笔钱用于监狱图书馆的建设。监狱生活非常平谈,总要自己找一些事情来做,安迪听说瑞德原来很喜欢吹口琴,就买了一把送给他。夜深人静之后,总可以听到悠扬的口琴声回荡在监狱里。
一个年轻犯人的到来打破了安迪平静的狱中生活:这个犯人以前在另一所监狱服刑时听说过安迪的案子,他知道谁是真凶。但当安迪向监狱长诺顿提出要求重新审理此案时却遭到了断然拒绝,并受到了单独禁闭两个月的严重惩罚。为了防止安迪获释,诺顿甚至不惜设计害死了知情人!
面对残酷的现实,安迪变得很消沉……一天,他对瑞德说:“如果有一天,你可以获得假释,一定要到某个地方替我完成一个心愿。那是我第一次和妻子约会的地方,把那里一棵大橡树下的一个盒子挖出来,到那时你就知道是什么了。”当天夜里,风雨交加,雷声大作,已得到灵魂救赎的安迪越狱成功。原来20年来,安迪每天都在用那把小石锤挖洞,然后用海报将洞口遮住。安迪出狱后,领走了诺顿存的一部分黑钱,并告发了他贪污受贿的真相。而诺顿在自己存小账本的保险柜里见到的是安迪留下的一本《圣经》,里边挖空的部分放着一把几乎磨成圆头的石锤。
瑞德获释了,他在橡树下找到了一盒现金,两个老朋友终于在墨西哥阳光明媚的海滨重逢了。
《肖申克的救赎》和《圣经·出埃及记》
《肖申克的救赎》是一部被广大影迷所喜爱的影片,在分析《肖》之前,我想先叙述一个故事,一个《圣经·出埃及记》的故事。
犹太人始祖之一雅各有子众多,其中最受宠爱的是约瑟,其他几个兄弟很嫉妒他,就趁一次一起外出的机会把约瑟卖给了商人做奴隶,而对父亲谎称约瑟在野外被野兽杀死了。
约瑟被带到埃及,又卖给一个埃及贵族做奴隶。而那个贵族的妻子看上了约瑟的才华,就百般地勾引他,结果被约瑟严辞拒绝。于是这个女人反咬约瑟调戏自己,约瑟被送进了监牢。
一天,法老的酒政和膳长也被关进监狱,晚上,这两个人各做了一个梦,就找约瑟来解。约瑟说这两个梦说明:3天之后,酒政要被释放,而膳长要被处死。3天后,约瑟的预言果然都应验了。
不久,埃及的法老也做了两个梦,先是梦见7头瘦弱的牛吃掉了7头肥壮的牛,又梦见7个细弱的谷穗吞掉了7个饱满的谷穗。谁也解不出这两个梦,酒政就把约瑟推荐来,约瑟从监狱到王宫,告诉法老,这两个梦实际上是一个意思,即天下将有7个丰年,继之以7个荒年,荒年之害将远大于丰年之得。他向法老提建议,在丰年蓄积粮食,在荒年售出,既度荒,又谋利。法老很欣赏约瑟,就把他从监狱里释放出来,任命他为埃及的宰相。
事情果然像约瑟预言的那样,7个丰年之后7个荒年来到了,天下绝粮,只有埃及有仓储。犹太地区也面临粮荒,约瑟的兄弟们也要到埃及来买粮食,他们没有认出约瑟,被约瑟狠狠地报复了一通,最后兄弟和解,犹太人全族迁到埃及。
由此看来,《肖申克的救赎》与《圣经》中犹太人在埃及的遭遇在基本故事走向和情节构架上惊人地一致,曾经有人把《肖》比做《基督山伯爵》,而我则认为比做《出埃及记》更恰当一些,因为后者无疑与《肖》有更多共同之处。犹太人几百年间的遭遇在《肖》中被浓缩到了20年,安迪则兼两代犹太人族长约瑟和摩西于一身。
《肖》剧与《出埃及记》在大节上处处契合,正与西方人心理上的文化积淀引起共鸣,这应该不是无意得之,而是精心设计的产物。
另一方面,如果我们把视野从西方扩展到整个人类文化圈,受侮辱与损害者起而复仇、向施暴者连本带利索还的故事,从来都为人类各个民族所喜爱。几乎每个文化发达的民族都有类似的故事或传说。泰戈尔在《飞鸟集》中有语云:历史在很有耐性地等待着被侮辱者的胜利。此话就历史真实来看未必为真,但却是几乎所有人类社会成员的共同理想。
在戏剧里,一个人被打得越狠,被踩得越低,被欺压得越万劫不复,他的报复就越让人痛快,戏剧性就越强,也最容易引起观众的认同。安迪在几乎不可能站起来的地方站起来,在几乎不可能活过来的地方活过来,从烂泥里站起来,从阴沟里钻出来,从坟墓里爬出来,这种生命力已超越了人本身,是神的光芒。大雨冲刷着他的身体,荡涤着他的灵魂,他用地狱的眼光看着曾经真真切切发生在周围的一切,他用雷一样的声音怒吼:“归还的时刻到了!”
哪位导演能掌握住这种力量,就等于掌握住了闪电。
摘自:
http://egg888.blogbus.com/logs/2006/02/1974919.html。
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另
发行: Columbia Tristar 哥伦比亚公司 。
出品: 1994年
类型: 剧情/悬疑
导演: 弗兰克•达拉邦特 Frank Darabont。
主演:
蒂姆•罗宾斯 Tim Robbins。
摩根•弗里曼 Morgan Freeman。
鲍伯•高顿 Bob Gunton。
威廉姆•桑德拉 William Sadler。
詹姆斯•怀特摩尔 James Whitmore。
制片: 尼齐•马文 Niki Marvin。
编剧: 弗兰克•达拉伯恩特 Frank Darabont。
剧情简介:
故事发生在1947年,银行家安迪因为妻子有婚外情,用枪杀死了她和她的情人,因此他被指控枪杀了妻子及其情人,安迪被判无期徙刑,这意味着他将在肖恩克监狱中渡过余生。
阿瑞1927年因谋杀罪被判无期徙刑,数次假释都未获成功。他现在已经成为肖恩克监狱中的“权威人物”,只要你付得起钱,他几乎有办法搞到任何你想要的东 西:香烟,糖果,酒,甚至是大麻。每当有新囚犯来的时候,大家就赌谁会在第一个夜晚哭泣。阿瑞认为弱不禁风、书生气时足的安迪一定会哭,结果安迪的沉默使 他输掉了四包烟。但同时也使阿瑞对他另眼相看。
好长时间以来,安迪不和任何人接触,在大家报怨的同时,他在院子里很悠闲地散步,就象在公园里一样。一个月后,安迪请阿瑞帮他搞的第一件东西是一把小 的鹤嘴锄,他的解释是他想雕刻一些小东西以消磨时光,并说他自己想办法逃过狱方的例行检查。不久,阿瑞就玩上了安迪刻的国际象棋。之后,安迪又搞了一幅丽 塔.海华丝的巨幅海报贴在了牢房的墙上。
一次,安迪和另几个犯人外出劳动,他无意间听到监狱官在讲有关上税的事。安迪说他有办法可以使监狱官合法地免去这一大笔税金,做为交换,他为十几个犯人朋友每人争得了两瓶Tiger啤酒。喝着啤酒,阿瑞说多年来,他又第一次感受到了自由的感觉。
由于安迪精通财务制度方面的的知识,很快使他摆脱了狱中繁重的体力劳动和其它变态囚犯的骚扰。不久,声名远扬的安迪开始为越来越多的狱警处理税务问 题,甚至孩子的升学问题也来向他请教。同时安迪也逐步成为肖恩克监狱长沃登洗黑钱的重要工具。由于安迪不停地写信给州长,终于为监狱申请到了一小笔钱用于 监狱图书馆的建设。监狱生活非常平谈,总要自己找一些事情来做。安迪听说阿瑞原来很喜欢吹口琴,就买了一把送给他。夜深人静之后,可以听到悠扬而轻微的口 琴声回荡在监狱里。
一个年轻犯人的到来打破了安迪平静的狱中生活:这个犯人以前在另一所监狱服刑时听到过安迪的案子,他知道谁是真凶!但当安迪向监狱长提出要求重新审理此案时,却遭到了断然拒绝,并受到了单独禁闭两个月的严重惩罚。为了防止安迪获释,监狱不惜设计害死了知情人!
面对残酷的现实,安迪变得很消沉……有一天,他对阿瑞说:“如果有一天,你可以获得假释,一定要到某个地方替我完成一个心愿。那是我第一次和妻子约会 的地方,把那里一棵大橡树下的一个盒子挖出来。到时个你就知道是什么了。”当天夜里,风雨交加,雷声大作,已得到灵魂救赎的安迪越狱成功。
原来二十年来,安迪每天都在用那把小鹤嘴锄挖洞,然后用海报将洞口遮住。安迪出狱后,领走了部分监狱长存的黑钱,并告发了监狱长贪污受贿的真相。监狱长在自己存小账本的保险柜里见到的是安迪留下的一本圣经,里边挖空的部分放这一把几乎磨成圆头的鹤嘴锄。
阿瑞获释了,他在橡树下找到了一盒现金,两个老朋友终于在墨西哥阳光明媚的海滨重逢了。
THE SHAWSHANK REDEMPTION 。
最常见的三个译名:《肖申克的救赎》、《刺激1995》、《月黑高飞》;
(如果你没有看过这部片,你所应该做的是马上去找一张碟回来看。而决不是看这篇影评。)
redemption,救赎,并不只是andy本身,从某种意义上来说,他不但拯救了自己,也拯救了他的狱友。他对狱友的拯救,表现在一种精神上 的拯救,因为他一定程度上使他的周围的人明白了,追求自由和希望的可贵--red就是其中一个典型。两个对自由持有一样的寄望,但有着不同态度的人,构成 了全片的主线。三次“redemption”如下:
第一次是他帮助狱警HADLEY逃税,为狱友赢得每人3瓶啤酒的奖励。 “We sat and drank with the sun on our shoulders, and felt like free men. We could'a been tarring the roof of one of our own houses. We were the Lords of all Creation.”... “You could argue he'd done it to curry favor with the guards. Or maybe make a few friends among us cons. Me, I think he did it just to feel normal again...if only for a short while.” 这时,你看到了T.Robbins第一次露出笑容。毕竟,自由总是最快乐的,同时也代表一种自我价值的实现。每个人都有这种需要,使自己有重要感。
第二次则是本片中最为精彩的一part,他在狱警办公室放“费加罗的婚礼”(Le Nozze de Figaro)。这个片段看似平静如水,但 实则激情四射,杀伤力极强,最能使你两眼发热。 “I have no idea to this day what them two Italian ladies were singin' about. Truth is, I don't want to know. Some things are best left unsaid. I like to think they were singin' about something so beautiful it can't be expressed in words, and makes your heart ache because of it.”...“I tell you, those voices soared. Higher and farther than anybody in a gray place dares to dream. It was like some beautiful bird flapped into our drab little cage and made these walls dissolve away... and for the briefest of moments -- every last man at Shawshank felt free.” 这次,andy的微笑是一种带有胜利感的微笑。他利用自己在狱警中的价值以及依此得到的信任,再次给他的朋友,带来自由的感觉--哪怕是一刹那。 “There are things in this world not carved out of gray stone. That there's a small place inside of us they can never lock away, and that place is called hope.”
第三次,他为监狱建立了一个图书馆。为了得到第一批书,他每周一封信,连续写了六年。然后他增加到每周两封,在andy入狱的第二个十年间,图书馆落成。这也是一个划时代的胜利,这个胜利的影响是深远的。大概也是在这个时候,Tommy出现了,剧情也随之发生了转折。
Tommy被杀后,andy从hole中出来,临脱狱的一天,和red的对白非常耐人寻味。在逃离此处之前,andy反思了自己的错误,妻子的死 他要负一定责任。“I killed her, Red.”... “I didn't pull the trigger. But I drove her away. That's why she died. Because of me, the way I am.”当谈及以后的打算时,经过近40年的煎熬,red显得很沮丧(并且如果你比较20年、30年、40年这三次听证,你会发现 M.Freeman表演的细腻之处)。 “I couldn't hack it on the outside. Been in here too long. I'm an institutional man now. Like old Brooks Hatlen was.”... “In here I'm the guy who can get it for you. Out there, all you need are Yellow Pages. I wouldn't know where to begin.” 他对希望怀有恐惧--因为他也曾拥有希望。但他明白,希望越大,失望越大。很多时候,这也是使我们裹足不前和抱有消极思想的原因。然后andy用一个精辟 有力的句子,结束了两人的谈话:“Get busy living--or get busy dying.”这句话甚至可以视为全剧的中心思想。
这里不得不提一下的是,逃狱前后的片段处理得很好。red总是担心andy会自杀。面对绝望,有人选择死,因为这意味着一种解脱--导演在这里也 有引导观众往“死”那个方向想的倾向,似乎是想和观众开个玩笑--但对于那些真正想获得自由的人来说,会选择另外一条路,一条真正通往自由的路。
其后,norton自杀,“HIS JUDGMENT COMETH AND THAT RIGHT SOON.”这句话非常有讽刺意味。而从 andy脱狱成功到red出狱后的这一段戏,完全是对M.Freeman演技的考验。M.Freeman的独白和表演总是给人一种看破红尘,炉火纯青的感 觉,为本剧增色不少。(王家卫也在《重庆森林》、《春光乍泄》等片中用过独白的手法,但梁朝伟的表现似乎还是稍欠火候。)从在狱中: “Sometimes it makes me sad, though, Andy being gone. I have to remind myself that some birds aren't meant to be caged, that's all. Their feathers are just too bright...”到最后他打开盒子,决定到 Zihuatanejo找他的朋友andy,说出内心最后的独白: “I find I am so excited I can barely sit still or hold a thought in my head. I think it is the excitement only a free man can feel, a free man at the start of a long journey whose conclusion is uncertain...” 均可以看出他的深厚功力。
显然,这并不是一部简单的、纯粹的商业片--虽然它确实带来很高的商业成就--1995年全美影带租售冠军。但除却票房,它带来的信息量也是很大 的。比如“价值”就是该片带来的一个重要信息。出狱监犯的人生价值何在?Brooks(老布)的从出狱到自杀,也是催人泪下的一个片段。正如red所说, 他已经长期的监狱生活institutionalized(“体制化”)了。 “Man's been here fifty years. This place is all he knows. In here, he's an important man, an educated man. A librarian. Out there, he's nothing but a used-up old con with arthritis in both hands. Couldn't even get a library card if he applied. You see what I'm saying?”...“Believe what you want. These walls are funny. First you hate 'em, then you get used to 'em. After long enough, you get so you depend on 'em. That's "institutionalized."”
珍惜你的自由,也是本片所要表现的主旨之一。red是这样评价自己的: “I'm the only guilty man in Shawshank.”他最后一次在HEARINGS ROOM所说的,他对自己所做的一切, 深感悔恨。“Not a day goes by I don't feel regret, and not because I'm in here or because you think I should. I look back on myself the way I was...stupid kid who did that terrible crime...wish I could talk sense to him. Tell him how things are. But I can't. That kid's long gone, this old man is all that's left, and I have to live with that.”
其
你说的是部电影吧!
中文片名 肖申克的救赎
英文片名 The Shawshank Redemption。
更多中文片名 刺激1995 月黑高飞 地狱诺言 消香克的救赎。
影片类型 剧情
片长 142 min
国家/地区 美国
对白语言 英语 意大利语
色彩 彩色
混音 Dolby
评级 Rated R for language and prison violence.。
级别 Finland:K-16 Netherlands:12 Norway:15 Sweden:15 UK:15 Brazil:14 France:U Peru:14 Spain:13 USA:R Canada:13+ Australia:MA Hong Kong:IIB Singapore:NC-16 Chile:14 Germany:12 Singapore:R Argentina:16 Ireland:15 Denmark:15 Portugal:M/16 South Korea:15 Canada:14A New Zealand:R Japan:PG-12 Israel:PG。
制作成本 1,000,000 (estimated)。
版权所有(Castle Rock Entertainment)。
故事发生在1947年,银行家安迪因为妻子有婚外情,酒醉后误被指控用枪杀死了她和她的情人,安迪被判无期徙刑,这意味着他将在肖恩克监狱中渡过余生。
瑞德1927年因谋杀罪被判无期徙刑,数次假释都未获成功。他现在已经成为肖恩克监狱中的“权威人物”,只要你付得起钱,他几乎有办法搞到任何你想要的东西:香烟,糖果,酒,甚至是大麻。每当有新囚犯来的时候,大家就赌谁会在第一个夜晚哭泣。瑞德认为弱不禁风、书生气十足的安迪一定会哭,结果安迪的沉默使他输掉了两包烟。但同时也使瑞德对他另眼相看。
好长时间以来,安迪不和任何人接触,在大家报怨的同时,他在院子里很悠闲地散步,就象在公园里一样。一个月后,安迪请瑞德帮他搞的第一件东西是一把小的鹤嘴锄,他的解释是他想雕刻一些小东西以消磨时光,并说他自己想办法逃过狱方的例行检查。不久,瑞德就玩上了安迪刻的国际象棋。之后,安迪又搞了一幅丽塔.海华丝的巨幅海报贴在了牢房的墙上。
一次,安迪和另几个犯人外出劳动,他无意间听到监狱官在讲有关上税的事。安迪说他有办法可以使监狱官合法地免去这一大笔税金,做为交换,他为十几个犯人朋友每人争得了两瓶Tiger啤酒。喝着啤酒,瑞德说多年来,他又第一次感受到了自由的感觉。
由于安迪精通财务制度方面的的知识,很快使他摆脱了狱中繁重的体力劳动和其它变态囚犯的骚扰。不久,声名远扬的安迪开始为越来越多的狱警处理税务问题,甚至孩子的升学问题也来向他请教。同时安迪也逐步成为肖恩克监狱长沃登洗黑钱的重要工具。由于安迪不停地写信给州长,终于为监狱申请到了一小笔钱用于监狱图书馆的建设。监狱生活非常平淡,总要自己找一些事情来做。安迪听说阿瑞原来很喜欢吹口琴,就买了一把送给他。夜深人静之后,可以听到悠扬而轻微的口琴声回荡在监狱里。
一个年轻犯人的到来打破了安迪平静的狱中生活:这个犯人以前在另一所监狱服刑时听到过安迪的案子,他知道谁是真凶!但当安迪向监狱长提出要求重新审理此案时,却遭到了断然拒绝,并受到了单独禁闭两个月的严重惩罚。为了防止安迪获释,监狱不惜设计害死了知情人!
面对残酷的现实,安迪变得很消沉……有一天,他对瑞德说:“如果有一天,你可以获得假释,一定要到某个地方替我完成一个心愿。那是我第一次和妻子约会的地方,把那里一棵大橡树下的一个盒子挖出来。到时个你就知道是什么了。”当天夜里,风雨交加,雷声大作,已得到灵魂救赎的安迪越狱成功。
原来二十年来,安迪每天都在用那把小鹤嘴锄挖洞,然后用海报将洞口遮住。同时,因为他对经济聪明的头脑,典狱长一直让安迪为他做黑账,洗钱,将他用监狱的廉价劳动力赚来的黑钱一笔笔转出去。而安迪将这些黑钱全部寄放在一个叫斯蒂文的人名下,其实这个斯蒂文是安迪虚构出来的人物,安迪为斯蒂文做了驾驶证,身份证等各种证明,可谓天衣无缝。安迪越狱后,用斯蒂文这个化名,以斯蒂文的身份领走了部分监狱长存的黑钱,用这笔不小的数目过上了不错的生活。并告发了监狱长贪污受贿的真相。监狱长在自己存小账本的保险柜里见到的是安迪留下的一本圣经,扉页上写着:“监狱长,您说得对,救赎就在里面。”里边挖空的部分放着一把几乎磨成圆头的鹤嘴锄。而这时,警方正向监狱赶来逮捕监狱长,最后监狱长饮弹自尽。
瑞德获释了,他在橡树下找到了一盒现金和安迪留给他的一封信,最后两个老朋友终于在墨西哥阳光明媚的海滨(芝华塔内欧)重逢了。
一句话评论
Fear can hold you prisoner. Hope can set you free.。
一部揭露美国司法黑幕的巨片
一幅用友谊和希望描绘的生命画卷 。
蕴涵人生哲理的喻世之作
幕后制作
本片透过监狱这一强制剥夺自由、高度强调纪律的特殊背景来展现作为个体的人对“时间流逝、环境改造”的恐惧。影片的结局有一种《基督山伯爵》式的复仇宣泄。
贯穿全线的“三次救赎”
redemption,救赎,并不只是andy本身,从某种意义上来说,他不但拯救了自己,也拯救了他的狱友。他对狱友的拯救,表现在一种精神上的拯救,因为他一定程度上使他的周围的人明白了,追求自由和希望的可贵--red就是其中一个典型。两个对自由持有一样的寄望,但有着不同态度的人,构成 了全片的主线。三次“redemption”如下:
第一次是他帮助狱警HADLEY逃税,为狱友赢得每人3瓶啤酒的奖励。 “We sat and drank with the sun on our shoulders, and felt like free men. We could'a been tarring the roof of one of our own houses. We were the Lords of all Creation.”... “You could argue he'd done it to curry favor with the guards. Or maybe make a few friends among us cons. Me, I think he did it just to feel normal again...if only for a short while.” 这时,你看到了T.Robbins第一次露出笑容。毕竟,自由总是最快乐的,同时也代表一种自我价值的实现。每个人都有这种需要,使自己有重要感。
第二次则是本片中最为精彩的一part,他在狱警办公室放“费加罗的婚礼”(Le Nozze de Figaro)。这个片段看似平静如水,但 实则激情四射,杀伤力极强,最能使你两眼发热。 “I have no idea to this day what them two Italian ladies were singin' about. Truth is, I don't want to know. Some things are best left unsaid. I like to think they were singin' about something so beautiful it can't be expressed in words, and makes your heart ache because of it.”...“I tell you, those voices soared. Higher and farther than anybody in a gray place dares to dream. It was like some beautiful bird flapped into our drab little cage and made these walls dissolve away... and for the briefest of moments -- every last man at Shawshank felt free.” 这次,andy的微笑是一种带有胜利感的微笑。他利用自己在狱警中的价值以及依此得到的信任,再次给他的朋友,带来自由的感觉--哪怕是一刹那。 “There are things in this world not carved out of gray stone. That there's a small place inside of us they can never lock away, and that place is called hope.”
第三次,他为监狱建立了一个图书馆。为了得到第一批书,他每周一封信,连续写了六年。然后他增加到每周两封,在andy入狱的第二个十年间,图书馆落成。这也是一个划时代的胜利,这个胜利的影响是深远的。大概也是在这个时候,Tommy出现了,剧情也随之发生了转折。
Tommy被杀后,andy从hole中出来,临脱狱的一天,和red的对白非常耐人寻味。在逃离此处之前,andy反思了自己的错误,妻子的死 他要负一定责任。
“I killed her, Red.”... “I didn't pull the trigger. But I drove her away. That's why she died. Because of me, the way I am.”当谈及以后的打算时,经过近40年的煎熬,red显得很沮丧(并且如果你比较20年、30年、40年这三次听证,你会发现 M.Freeman表演的细腻之处)。 “I couldn't hack it on the outside. Been in here too long. I'm an institutional man now. Like old Brooks Hatlen was.”... “In here I'm the guy who can get it for you. Out there, all you need are Yellow Pages. I wouldn't know where to begin.” 他对希望怀有恐惧--因为他也曾拥有希望。但他明白,希望越大,失望越大。很多时候,这也是使我们裹足不前和抱有消极思想的原因。然后andy用一个精辟 有力的句子,结束了两人的谈话:“Get busy living--or get busy dying.”这句话甚至可以视为全剧的中心思想。
这里不得不提一下的是,逃狱前后的片段处理得很好。red总是担心andy会自杀。面对绝望,有人选择死,因为这意味着一种解脱--导演在这里也 有引导观众往“死”那个方向想的倾向,似乎是想和观众开个玩笑--但对于那些真正想获得自由的人来说,会选择另外一条路,一条真正通往自由的路。
其后,norton自杀,“HIS JUDGMENT COMETH AND THAT RIGHT SOON.”这句话非常有讽刺意味。而从 andy脱狱成功到red出狱后的这一段戏,完全是对M.Freeman演技的考验。M.Freeman的独白和表演总是给人一种看破红尘,炉火纯青的感 觉,为本剧增色不少。(王家卫也在《重庆森林》、《春光乍泄》等片中用过独白的手法,但梁朝伟的表现似乎还是稍欠火候。)从在狱中: “Sometimes it makes me sad, though, Andy being gone. I have to remind myself that some birds aren't meant to be caged, that's all. Their feathers are just too bright...”到最后他打开盒子,决定到 Zihuatanejo找他的朋友andy,说出内心最后的独白: “I find I am so excited I can barely sit still or hold a thought in my head. I think it is the excitement only a free man can feel, a free man at the start of a long journey whose conclusion is uncertain...” 均可以看出他的深厚功力。
显然,这并不是一部简单的、纯粹的商业片--虽然它确实带来很高的商业成就--1995年全美影带租售冠军。但除却票房,它带来的信息量也是很大 的。比如“价值”就是该片带来的一个重要信息。出狱监犯的人生价值何在?Brooks(老布)的从出狱到自杀,也是催人泪下的一个片段。正如red所说, 他已经长期的监狱生活institutionalized(“体制化”)了。 “Man's been here fifty years. This place is all he knows. In here, he's an important man, an educated man. A librarian. Out there, he's nothing but a used-up old con with arthritis in both hands. Couldn't even get a library card if he applied. You see what I'm saying?”...“Believe what you want. These walls are funny. First you hate 'em, then you get used to 'em. After long enough, you get so you depend on 'em. That's "institutionalized."”
珍惜你的自由,也是本片所要表现的主旨之一。red是这样评价自己的: “I'm the only guilty man in Shawshank.”他最后一次在HEARINGS ROOM所说的,他对自己所做的一切, 深感悔恨。“Not a day goes by I don't feel regret, and not because I'm in here or because you think I should. I look back on myself the way I was...stupid kid who did that terrible crime...wish I could talk sense to him. Tell him how things are. But I can't. That kid's long gone, this old man is all that's left, and I have to live with that.”
其实,人生本身不就是一个监狱吗?我们每个人,有哪个不是被社会institutionalized“体制化”的产物?该片的电影原版海报上写着 这样一句话:“Fear can hold you prisoner. Hope can set you free.”这使我想起前段时间的一本畅销 书:《谁动了我的奶酪》:“克服你内心的恐惧,改变你自己,释放你自己。”
提起拍摄于1994年的《肖申克的救赎》(The Shawshank Redemption,影迷通称为《刺激1995》),几乎永远是影迷心中的经典、电影论坛里不过时的话题、影碟店内的畅销货、IMDB网站上的前三名。
心若是牢笼,处处为牢笼,自由不在外,而在于内心。
影片开头为我们铺垫了这样的故事背景,原是银行副总裁的安迪杜佛兰,因被误认为是杀害妻子及其情夫的凶手而被判终身监禁。
希望至美,永不凋落
含冤入狱的安迪心态几经变化,他不甘、不安,更不愿相信这从天而降的厄运。然而不管悲观绝望的气息如何在肖申克的上空笼罩,安迪始终没有放弃希望。从最开始雕刻石头,反抗索然无味的监狱生活,到增补图书,冲破黑暗的阴云,让知识和远方的世界打开所有人的心扉,一切或细小或不凡的改变,都源于安迪心中不灭的希望。
安迪初入狱
或许在绝境中重燃希望并非易事,但安迪抓住了每一次细小的火光,让它们烧成燎原之火,点亮晦暗的生活:因在墙壁上刻写名字时发现墙体并不十分坚硬,而萌生越狱的想法。因自己凭财务方面的知识为警卫解决问题,而暗中为自己积累重启人生的资本。
安迪的反抗与改变,都有希望在背后默默推动。安迪和瑞德在墙下的那番谈话,道出希望的价值:人要么忙着生,要么忙着死。而希望,正是求生路上最美的风景。安迪告诉瑞德,出狱后去他曾经向妻子求婚的地方,那里有安迪为他留下的东西。这句话也成了瑞德熬过最后一段牢狱生活和出狱后艰难日子的希望。
安迪与德瑞在下棋
当两人重逢于太平洋的小岛之上时,“希望”二字,救赎的是两个不屈服的灵魂。希望如风,是能在人群中传播的力量。那些书籍里的天地,那些音乐中的远方,那些安迪为肖申克带来的改变,都为囚牢中的人们带来对未来的憧憬。有了这份不灭的希望,他们无论身处何地,都会是心灵的自由者。
自由之光,照亮每一片羽毛
“有些鸟是永远关不住的,因为它的每一片羽毛上都闪耀着自由的光辉。”瑞德从安迪身上参透了这个道理。正是对自由的渴望,让安迪反击命运的嘲弄,让他飞出肖申克的囚禁,自在不拘地飞往太平洋上空。
在修整屋顶时,安迪为警卫解决了税务问题,而只索取他和同事们每人三瓶啤酒为报酬。他们在屋顶喝着冰啤酒,一瞬间觉得似乎是在自家的屋顶上,他们得以短暂地重温自由人的感觉,久违地重新感受到自由人的价值。因着自由的召唤,安迪用小石锤砸开通向重生的隧道,用难以置信的毅力和信念,完成自我的救赎。
有了这份不灭的希望,他们无论身处何地,都是心灵的自由者,肖申克的围墙,或许能困住身体,但困不住自由者的灵魂,围墙就在那,我的灵魂早已在太平洋畅游,他们都尝试把你埋了,你要自己自己是颗种子,拥有这份希望,又何惧绝境。
Geography
South Africa, on the continent's southern tip, is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the west and by the Indian Ocean on the south and east. Its neighbors are Namibia in the northwest, Zimbabwe and Botswana in the north, and Mozambique and Swaziland in the northeast. The kingdom of Lesotho forms an enclave within the southeast part of South Africa, which occupies an area nearly three times that of California.。
The southernmost point of Africa is Cape Agulhas, located in the Western Cape Province about 100 mi (161 km) southeast of the Cape of Good Hope.。
Government
Republic.
History
The San people were the first settlers; the Khoikhoi and Bantu-speaking tribes followed. The Dutch East India Company landed the first European settlers on the Cape of Good Hope in 1652, launching a colony that by the end of the 18th century numbered only about 15,000. Known as Boers or Afrikaners, and speaking a Dutch dialect known as Afrikaans, the settlers as early as 1795 tried to establish an independent republic.。
After occupying the Cape Colony in that year, Britain took permanent possession in 1815 at the end of the Napoleonic Wars, bringing in 5,000 settlers. Anglicization of government and the freeing of slaves in 1833 drove about 12,000 Afrikaners to make the “great trek” north and east into African tribal territory, where they established the republics of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State.。
The discovery of diamonds in 1867 and gold nine years later brought an influx of “outlanders” into the republics and spurred Cape Colony prime minister Cecil Rhodes to plot annexation. Rhodes's scheme of sparking an “outlander” rebellion, to which an armed party under Leander Starr Jameson would ride to the rescue, misfired in 1895, forcing Rhodes to resign. What British expansionists called the “inevitable” war with the Boers broke out on Oct. 11, 1899. The defeat of the Boers in 1902 led in 1910 to the Union of South Africa, composed of four provinces, the two former republics, and the old Cape and Natal colonies. Louis Botha, a Boer, became the first prime minister. Organized political activity among Africans started with the establishment of the African National Congress in 1912.。
South Africa's Independence is Tarnished by Apartheid。
Jan Christiaan Smuts brought the nation into World War II on the Allied side against Nationalist opposition, and South Africa became a charter member of the United Nations in 1945, but he refused to sign the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Apartheid—racial separation—dominated domestic politics as the Nationalists gained power and imposed greater restrictions on Bantus (black Africans), Asians, and Coloreds (in South Africa the term meant any nonwhite person). Black voters were removed from the voter rolls in 1936. Over the next half-century, the nonwhite population of South Africa was forced out of designated white areas. The Group Areas Acts of 1950 and 1986 forced about 1.5 million Africans to move from cities to rural townships, where they lived in abject poverty under repressive laws.。
South Africa declared itself a republic in 1961 and severed its ties with the Commonwealth, which strongly objected to the country's racist policies. The white supremacist National Party, which had first come to power in 1948, would continue its rule for the next three decades.。
In 1960, 70 black protesters were killed during a peaceful demonstration in Sharpesville. The African National Congress (ANC), the principal antiapartheid organization, was banned that year, and in 1964 its leader, Nelson Mandela, was sentenced to life imprisonment. Black protests against apartheid grew stronger and more violent. In 1976, an uprising in the black township of Soweto spread to other black townships and left 600 dead. Beginning in the 1960s, international opposition to apartheid intensified. The UN imposed sanctions, and many countries divested their South African holdings.。
Apartheid's grip on South Africa began to give way when F. W. de Klerk replaced P. W. Botha as president in 1989. De Klerk removed the ban on the ANC and released its leader, Nelson Mandela, after 27 years of imprisonment. The Inkatha Freedom Party, a black opposition group led by Mangosuthu Buthelezi, which was seen as collaborating with the apartheid system, frequently clashed with the ANC during this period.。
Apartheid is Abolished; Mandela Becomes President。
In 1991, a multiracial forum led by de Klerk and Mandela, the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA), began working on a new constitution. In 1993, an interim constitution was passed, which dismantled apartheid and provided for a multiracial democracy with majority rule. The peaceful transition of South Africa from one of the world's most repressive societies into a democracy is one of the 20th century's most remarkable success stories. Mandela and de Klerk were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.。
The 1994 election, the country's first multiracial one, resulted in a massive victory for Mandela and his ANC. The new government included six ministers from the National Party and three from the Inkatha Freedom Party. A new national constitution was approved and adopted in May 1996.。
In 1997 the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, chaired by Desmond Tutu, began hearings regarding human rights violations between 1960 and 1993. The commission promised amnesty to those who confessed their crimes under the apartheid system. In 1998, F. W. de Klerk, P.W. Botha, and leaders of the ANC appeared before the commission, and the nation continued to grapple with its enlightened but often painful and divisive process of national recovery.。
Mbeki Takes Over From Mandela。
Nelson Mandela, whose term as president cemented his reputation as one of the world's most farsighted and magnanimous statesmen, retired in 1999. On June 2, 1999, Thabo Mbeki, the pragmatic deputy president and leader of the ANC, was elected president in a landslide, having already assumed many of Mandela's governing responsibilities.。
In his first term, Mbeki wrestled with a slumping economy and a skyrocketing crime rate. South Africa, the country with the highest number of HIV-positive people in the world (6.5 million in 2005), has been hampered in fighting the epidemic by its president's highly controversial views. Mbeki has denied the link between HIV and AIDS and claimed that the West has exaggerated the epidemic to boost drug profits. The international community as well as most South African leaders, including Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu, have condemned Mbeki's stance. In 2006, 60 international scientists called the government's policies “disastrous and pseudo-scientific.”
As expected, on April 15, 2004, the African National Congress won South Africa's general election in a landslide, taking about 70% of the vote, and Thabo Mbeki was sworn in for a second term.。
In December 2007, African National Committee delegates chose Jacob Zuma as their leader, ousting Mbeki, who had been in control of the party for the last ten years. With the victory, Zuma is poised to become president when Mbeki's term expires in 2009. Zuma was acquitted of rape charges in 2006. In late December, prosecutors reopened corruption charges against Zuma and ordered him to face trial for "various counts of racketeering, money laundering, corruption, and fraud." Zuma's lawyers accused Mbeki of trying to sabotage Zuma's political career. A High Court judge dismissed the corruption charges against Zuma in September 2008, saying the government mishandled the prosecution. The judge also criticized President Mbeki for attempting to influence the prosecution of Zuma.。
Motlanthe Serves as "Interim" President; Opposition to the ANC Grows。
Under pressure from leaders the African National Congress (ANC), Mbeki announced he would step down just days after Zuma was cleared. While party leader's cited Mbeki's alleged interference in the corruption case against Zuma, Mbeki's resignation culminated several years of bitter infighting between Zuma and Mbeki, which led to discord in the ANC. On Sep. 25, Parliament elected Kgalema Motlanthe, a labor leader who was imprisoned during apartheid, as president. Zuma must be a member of Parliament before he can be elected president. Parliamentary elections are expected in early 2009.。
On his first day as president, Motlanthe acted to move beyond Mbeki's resistance to using modern and effective methods, such as antirretroviral medicines, to tackle its AIDS crisis by replacing South Africa's health minister, Manto Tshabalala-Msimang, who has suggested that garlic, lemon juice, and beetroot could cure AIDS, with Barbara Hogan. "The era of denialism is over," she said. More than 5.7 million South Africans are HIV-positive, the highest number of any country in the world.。
In November, about 6,400 dissident members of the ANC held a convention in Johannesburg and decided to form a new party that will challenge the leadership of the ANC. The delegates, many of whom supported former president Mbeki, expressed dissatisfaction with the leadership of the party, calling it corrupt, authoritarian, and "rotting." In December, the new party, the Congress of the People (COPE), selected former defense minister Mosiuoa Lekota as its president.。
South African's Supreme Court reinstated corruption charges against Zuma in January 2009, saying that a lower court had "overstepped" its authority in dismissing the charges.。
纽约市是由5 个区 ,不同寻常的政府形式。每个区是与在纽约州分别如下所示县可以共存。 Throughout the boroughs there are hundreds of distinct neighborhoods , many with a definable history and character to call their own.在整个个区存在着不同的社区数百名,有可定义的历史,是有很多要求自己。 If the boroughs were each independent cities, four of the boroughs (Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, and the Bronx) would be among the ten most populous cities in the United States.如果个区各独立的城市,在行政区中有四个(布鲁克林,皇后区,曼哈顿和布朗克斯)将是其中的十大美国人口最多的城市。
布朗克斯 (布朗克斯县:流行。1373659)[77]是纽约市最北端的市镇,在洋基球场 ,在纽约洋基家,和家最大的网站合作拥有住房 ,在美国, 合作复杂,运算市 。[78]除了一小片的曼哈顿的大理石山称,布朗克斯,是该城市是美国大陆的一部分,只有一节。 It is home to the Bronx Zoo , the largest metropolitan zoo in the United States, which spans 265 acres (1.07 km 2 ) and is home to over 6,000 animals. [ 79 ] The Bronx is the birthplace of rap and hip hop culture . [ 10 ]这是家庭对布朗克斯动物园 ,最大的美国,横跨二六五英亩大城市动物园(1.07 平方公里 ),并为超过6000家的动物。[79]布朗克斯,是说唱和嘻哈文化的发祥地。
曼哈顿 (纽约县:流行。1620867)[77]是人口最稠密的市镇和家庭对城市的摩天大楼最,以及中央公园 。 The borough is the financial center of the city and contains the headquarters of many major corporations, the United Nations , as well as a number of important universities, and many cultural attractions, including numerous museums, the Broadway theatre district, Greenwich Village , and Madison Square Garden .这一市镇的是城市的金融中心,包含了许多大公司总部, 联合国 ,以及一些重要的大学,和许多文化景点,包括众多的博物馆, 百老汇剧院区, 格林威治村 ,与麦迪逊广场花园 。 Manhattan is loosely divided into Lower , Midtown , and Uptown regions.曼哈顿是松散分为低 , 中城和住宅区地区。 Uptown Manhattan is divided by Central Park into the Upper East Side and the Upper West Side , and above the park is Harlem .小区除以曼哈顿中央公园到上东城和西城上 ,最重要的公园是哈莱姆 。
布鲁克林 (国王县:流行。二百五十二点八〇五万)[77]城市是人口最多的市镇,直到1898年,是一个独立的城市。 Brooklyn is known for its cultural, social and ethnic diversity, an independent art scene, distinct neighborhoods and a unique architectural heritage.布鲁克林是著名的文化,社会和种族多样性,一个独立的艺术场景, 不同的社区和独特的建筑遗产。 It is also the only borough outside of Manhattan with a distinct downtown area.这也是曼哈顿之外的独特市中心仅市镇。 The borough features a long beachfront and Coney Island , established in the 1870s as one of the earliest amusement grounds in the country. [ 80 ]这一市镇具有长期海滨和康尼岛 ,成立于19世纪70年代,作为该国最早的娱乐理由之一。
皇后 (皇后区:流行。2270338)[77]在地理上最大的行政区,并在美国,种族最为多样化县,[81],并可能超过布鲁克林的城市的人口最多的市镇,因为它的增长。 Historically a collection of small towns and villages founded by the Dutch, today the borough is largely residential and middle class.历史上集合,小城镇和荷兰,今天的市镇主要是中产阶级的住宅和基础的村庄。 It is the only large county in the United States where the median income among African Americans , approximately $52,000 a year, is higher than that of White Americans . [ 82 ] Queens is the site of Citi Field , the home of the New York Mets , and annually hosts the US Open tennis tournament .它是唯一在美国大县的中非裔美国人收入中位数,约52,000美元,高于美国白人的。[82]皇后,是花旗场 ,在纽约大都会家网站,并每年举办的美国网球公开赛 。 Additionally, it is home to two of the three major airports serving the New York metropolitan area , LaGuardia Airport and John F. Kennedy International Airport .此外,它是家庭对服务的纽约大都会地区 , 拉瓜迪亚机场和肯尼迪国际机场的三个主要机场2。 (The third is Newark Liberty International Airport in Newark , New Jersey .) (三是纽瓦克国际机场在纽瓦克 , 新泽西州 。)
史坦顿岛 (里士满县:流行。481613)[77]是最在郊区五个区的性质。 Staten Island is connected to Brooklyn by the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge and to Manhattan by way of the free Staten Island Ferry .斯塔腾岛相连的韦拉札诺海峡大桥和曼哈顿的布鲁克林由自由史泰登岛渡船的方式。 The Staten Island Ferry is one of the most popular tourist attractions in New York City as it provides unsurpassed views of the Statue of Liberty , Ellis Island , and lower Manhattan.在史泰登岛渡轮是在纽约市最热门的旅游景点之一,因为它提供了自由女神 , 埃利斯岛和曼哈顿下城像无与伦比的意见。 Located in central Staten Island, the 25 km² Greenbelt has some 35 miles (56 km) of walking trails and one of the last undisturbed forests in the city.史坦顿岛中部,25平方公里绿地位于有大约35英里(56公里的步行道及城市最后原状森林1)。 Designated in 1984 to protect the island's natural lands, the Greenbelt comprises seven city parks.在1984年指定为保护该岛的自然土地,绿地组成的7个城市公园。 The FDR Boardwalk along South Beach is 2.5 miles (4.0 km) long, the fourth largest in the world.沿南湾罗斯福浮桥是2.5英里(4.0公里)长,在世界上排名第四。
给你一些额外的资料!
纽约的市政部门
其他
United Nations, Consular Corps and Protocol, Commission for the 联合国领事团协议委员会。
Mayor's Office 市长办公室。
Staten Island Growth Management Task Force 斯塔腾岛发展管理行动小组。
选举
Voter Assistance Commission 投票协助委员会。
Board of Elections选举委员会。
Campaign Finance Board 竞选财政委员会。
行政服务
Law Department法律部。
Citywide Administrative Services, Department of 全市行政服务部。
Contract Services, Office of 生产服务部门办公室。
Intergovernmental Affairs, Office of 政府间事务办公室。
Operations, Office of 政府运转办公室。
Payroll Administration, Office of 薪水行政办公室。
Civil Service Commission 城市服务委员会。
Equal Employment Practices Commission 平等雇佣委员会。
Citywide Accountability Program 全市执行程序。
Volunteer Center, Mayor's 市长志愿者中心。
City Marshals, Mayor's Committee on 市政经理委员会。
Police Pension Fund 警察养老基金。
City Employees' Retirement System 城市雇员退休系统。
行政监督
Investigation, Department of 调查部。
Combat Police Corruption, Commission to 防止警察滥用职权委员会。
Human Rights, Commission on 人权委员会。
Civilian Complaint Review Board 市民上诉委员会。
司法
Correction, Department of一年刑事犯部。
Juvenile Justice, Department of 青少年司法部。
Probation, Department of 审判前援助部。
Administrative Trials and Hearings, Office of 行政诉讼办公室。
Special Enforcement 特别强制。
Conflicts of Interest Board 利益冲突委员会。
Standards and Appeals, Board of 标准与上诉委员会。
Advisory Committee on the Judiciary法官咨询委员会。
安全
Fire Department 消防部。
Police Department 警察部。
Emergency Management, Office of 紧急事件处理办公室。
财政
Finance, Department of 财政部。
Independent Budget Office, NYC 独立预算办公室。
Management and Budget, Office of 管理和预算办公室。
Tax Commission 税收委员会。
Transitional Finance Authority 过渡财政委员会。
市政服务
Information Technology and Telecommunications, Department of 信息技术与通讯部。
Records, Department of 档案部。
Chief Medical Examiner, Office of 验尸办公室。
City Clerk 城市书记员。
Community Assistance Unit 社区协助单位。
Fund to Advance NYC 促进基金。
建筑与建设
Buildings, Department of建筑部。
City Planning, Department of 城市规划部。
Design and Construction, Department of 设计和建设部。
Transportation, Department of 交通部。
住宅
Housing Preservation and Development, Department of 住宅保存和发展部。
Loft Board 阁楼委员会。
Rent Guidelines Board 出租指导委员会。
Housing Authority 住房供给委员会。
为中低收入者提供租房以及相关服务。
经济商业
Small Business Services, Department of 小型企业服务部。
Consumer Affairs, Department of 消费者事务部。
Labor Relations, Office of 劳资关系办公室。
Business Integrity Commission商业信誉委员会。
Mayor's Commission for Economic Opportunity 经济机遇委员会。
Taxi and Limousine Commission 出租车和轿车委员会。
Empowerment Zone, New York City 纽约市授权区。
Human Resources Administration 人力资源行政机构。
NYC Marketing 纽约行销。
TSASC, Inc., NYC 。
Workforce Investment Board劳工投资委员会。
Economic Development Corporation 经济发展公司。
卫生健康
Health and Mental Hygiene, Department of 健康和心理卫生部。
Sanitation, Department of 卫生设施部。
Citywide Health Insurance Access, Office of 全市健康保险办公室。
Health and Hospitals Corporation 健康和医院公司。
环境
Environmental Protection, Department of 环境保护部。
Environmental Coordination, Office of 环境协调办公室。
Water Finance Authority, NYC Municipal 市政水金融委员会。
教育
Education, Department of 教育部。
Youth and Community Development, Department of 青年与社区发展部。
Mayor's Office of Adult Education成人教育办公室。
City University of New York (CUNY) 纽约市区大学。
School Construction Authority 学校建设委员会。
Queens Borough Public Library 昆斯区公共图书馆。
New York Public Library 纽约公共图书馆。
Brooklyn Public Library布鲁克林公共图书馆。
文化娱乐
Cultural Affairs, Department of 文化事务部。
Parks and Recreation, Department of 公园和休闲部。
Film, Theatre, and Broadcasting, Office of 电影剧场广播办公室。
Art Commission艺术委员会。
Landmarks Preservation Commission 历史建筑古迹保护委员会。
Latin Media & Entertainment Commission 拉丁媒体娱乐委员会。
Sports Commission, NYC 纽约市体育委员会。
NYC TV 纽约电视台
Public Administrator - Queens County 昆斯县公共遗产管理办公室。
特殊人群
Aging, Department for the (DFTA)老年部。
Homeless Services, Department of 无家可归服务部。
Domestic Violence, Mayor's Office to Combat 反家庭暴力办公室。
Immigrant Affairs, Office of 移民事务办公室。
People with Disabilities, Office for 残疾人办公室。
Veterans' Affairs, Mayor's Office of 市长退伍军人事务办公室。
Women's Issues, Commission on 妇女事务委员会。
Family Justice Center 家庭正义中心。
Anti-Graffiti Task Force, Mayor's反涂鸦行动小组。