leaching-90

氧化铜矿堆浸法最高产量是多少

1. Pentachlorophenol on the yellow soil in three different soil depth of the absorption of static and dynamic adsorption and desorption dynamic and thermodynamic equation and use dynamic equations describing its absorption characteristics. The results showed that: three different soil depth of pentachlorophenol a certain absorption capacity in 90 min to reach equilibrium, the leaching of saturated absorption capacity of 50 μ g / g, deposition of the absorption capacity of saturated adsorption Capacity of 43.48 μ g / g, quality of the mother for 40 μ g / g, Freundilich adsorption isotherm can be used to describe the yellow soil PCP on the adsorption of. When the pH value of less than 5, when the acid soil, the soil of pentachlorophenol adsorption with pH values decrease with the increase. Ionic strength of the increase will raise the soil pentachlorophenol the loading capacity. Dynamic adsorption experiments, the soil by 5 μ g / mL of pentachlorophenol solution leaching, the leaching of soil layer in the adsorption time for 400 min, leaching solution volume of 750 mL, adsorption achieve balance in the deposition of the adsorption time for 510 min, Leaching solution volume of 850 mL, adsorption achieve balance in the absorption of the mother of time for 550 min, leaching solution volume of 950 mL, adsorption balanced. Dynamic desorption experiment, to continue to use tap water leaching of soil, soil in the leaching of desorption time 820 min, leaching solution volume of 400 mL, desorption achieve balance in the deposition of desorption time for the 1135 min, leaching solution volume of 500 mL, , Desorption achieve balance in the dissolution of desorption time for the 1450 min, leaching solution volume of 550 mL, desorption balanced. 。

2. The study of pentachlorophenol in the solution of activated carbon on the static and dynamic adsorption behavior. The results showed that: activated carbon to pentachlorophenol a good absorption properties, in 90 min to reach equilibrium, static saturated absorption capacity of 32.3 mg / g. The experiment within the framework of equilibrium and relations with Freundilich Langmuir isotherm, the correlation coefficient of 0.981 and 0.984 respectively. pH value in the range of 5 to 11 had no effect on the absorption capacity. Dynamic experiments, 2.5 g activated carbon-loaded by 40 μ g / mL pentachlorophenol dynamic adsorption, the outflow of fluid volume of 630 mL, the activated carbon adsorption basically saturated. Different concentrations of pentachlorophenol solution, the higher the rate of absorption of the smaller, the slower the flow rate, the higher the rate of absorption, the highest absorption rate of up to 100%. 。

3. The study of pentachlorophenol solution in the HDX-8 macroporous resin on the static and dynamic adsorption and desorption. The results showed that: 70 min to reach equilibrium, passive absorption of saturated solution to 7.351 mg / L, such as adsorption isotherm with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm, the correlation coefficient of 0.99 in all the above. 1mol / L NaOH solution as a static test of desorption, desorption rate of 77 percent, the balance of desorption time 120 min. Adsorption solution in the dynamic test the concentration of smaller, the smaller the flow rate, the higher the rate of absorption, the highest absorption rate of 99.56 percent. Dynamic desorption with 1 mol / L NaOH solution to 0.5 mL / min flow rate of desorption, desorption the best, desorption rate can reach 96 percent or more.。

化工英语翻译

到目前为止，铜湿法冶金主要以处理低品位矿石为主。堆浸（heap leaching)是低品位氧化铜矿的最重要浸取方法，通常是指用专门开采的矿石筑堆进行浸取的作业，堆浸有一套严格的作业程序。而对开拓矿山等过程产生的废矿石进行浸取，一般称作废石堆浸（dump leaching)，它的作业程序要简单、粗放得多。不过，有的学者把含有黄铜矿，浸取周期很长的矿石堆浸，也称为dump leaching。

筑堆前的预备试脸。

为了正确掌握堆浸的技术和经济指标，在实施堆浸工程前需进行充分的浸取化学和工程的试验，通常包括：矿石的矿物组成、成分、化学和物理性质测定，如总铜和酸溶铜的品位、可浸取性、渗透性、浸出速度、耗酸量等。需要确定的堆浸主要参数有矿石的粒度、喷淋浸取液速度及堆高。试验的方法主要有柱浸和试验堆浸出。但在进行柱浸之前还要做一些预备试验。

为了测定矿石中酸溶铜的可浸性和耗酸量，常采用将矿石磨细至90%-200目，用滚瓶或搅拌槽在各种加酸量下进行浸取试验，以获得矿石的最大浸出率。

矿块浸出过程中，浸取液通过矿石的孔洞和孔隙向矿块内渗透，溶解的金属也要经由孔洞和孔隙向外扩散。因此，矿块的孔洞和孔隙决定了矿块的渗透性和浸取速度。渗透速度不是恒定的，而是随时间成指数下降，即越向矿块内越慢。用硫酸浸矿块，起始的速度可达0.2mm/h，在离表面50mm处仅为0.03mm/h，而在l00mm处为0.005 mm/h。浸透一块直径200mm、孔隙率1％的矿块约需一年时间。

柱浸试验

柱浸试验的方法是将矿块填装在空心的柱中，浸取液从柱顶淋下，流经矿块，从下面出口收集浸出液。这与堆浸时十分相似，因此常用这种方法来获取堆浸的设计参数以及对未来生产厂进行预测评估。柱浸应由小而大，逐渐放大。

柱浸考察的内容有矿石品位、粒度、浸取液的酸浓度及布洒速度、柱高及温度等对浸取结果的影响。浸取结果除铜外，还要注意铁（II）、铁（III）及钴等金属的浓度以及浸出液的酸度。如矿石中有硫化铜矿物还应对溶液的氧化电位进行监控。

曼托伏德矿（Mantovorde）［1]通过柱浸最后确定矿块粒径小于13 mm，堆密度1.5t/m3，实验的布洒速度为10、15、20L/（h·m2），最终选用10L（h·m2）［相当柱中的线速度为10mm/h〕。实验的柱高为4、5 、5.5m，建议堆高5m。实验还确定了酸耗和矿石中碳酸盐含量的关系及铜回收率和品位的关系：

铜浸取率wex（Cu）/% = 89.1%+24.6ln[wt（Cu）/%]。

耗酸量A/（kg·t-1）= 215.3+6.8w（CaCO3）%。

堆浸工程设计。

A 堆的规模。

堆的整体大小完全取决于厂的总体生产规模。但为保证稳定地供应浸取液，一般应筑十个左右的堆，分为若干组，分别处于筑堆、初始浸取、后期浸取各个运行阶段。

B 矿石粒度。

虽然通过柱浸试验已经确定了******粒径范围、堆高、堆的运行周期、耗酸和富浸取液浓度等主要参数，但在设计时，必须对这些参数引人一定的放大修正系数，以求稳妥。此系数可在0.93-0.96％之间，第一年小一些，以后逐年加大。

对于矿石粒径宜取实验建议值的上限，粒径和铜回收率的关系大致如下图[2]。智利大型铜厂圣曼纽尔采用90%-10cm，而另一规模相近的美国青诺（Chino）矿山采用60%-5cm。

沥滤是什么？

1。连续精馏

饲料的材料,它是被分为分数,介绍在一个或多个。

那列的外壳。由于重力之间的差别和水蒸气的液体。

阶段、液体披散在柱,从盘子的托盘,而蒸汽流了。

在每一栏,接触液体托盘。

到达底部的液柱部分蒸发,在激烈的流程。

提供boil-up发回了,这个专栏。其余的底部的液体。

为底,或退出产品。达到顶端的蒸汽冷却的专栏。

浓缩液体在头顶的冷凝器。这部分液体的专栏。

为提供液体溢出回流。其余的开销是撤回。

精华、塔顶产品。

这整个流程模式提供了精馏联系。逆流。

气液流的所有的托盘通过柱。气液阶段上。

方法给出热、压力、托盘、结构平衡在某种程度上依赖。

在接触托盘的效率。

轻(较低沸点)部件常常聚集在气相,虽然。

重(高)组成倾向的沸腾液体。结果是一个蒸汽。

针对阶段变得更丰富的组件时,液相色谱柱。

那个变得更丰富的大型部件作为这串向下。整体的分离。

提出了馏分和底部,主要取决于相关的波动性。

组成、数量的联系,并且比的盘子的液相流速。

到vapr-phase流量。如果饲料介绍在一个点沿柱壳,。

这个专栏分为上下节,这通常被称为精馏段,。

较低的部分,通常称为的部分。这些条款成为什么样的人。

在multiple-feed栏目,而不sidestream柱从产品。

撤回在柱长度除了两个最终产物。

希望多加点分，好难。谢谢。

通过溶解将物质从固体中除去，这叫作沥滤。

化学加工业用到沥滤，但这个过程通常被称作淬取，而且常常使用有机溶剂。因为沥滤被用在分离金属与矿石以及从甜菜中抽取糖方面已经有很多年，所以其理论和实践已得到高度发展。近来，环境工程师给于沥滤更大的关注，因为垃圾倾倒场和垃圾填埋场含有有害有毒废料。一种有毒化学品的自然分解有时产生一种毒性更强的化学品。从这些物质间流过的雨水会流入地下水、湖泊、河流、井、池塘等等。

还有英文参考资料：

Removal of materials by dissolving them away from solids is called leaching .（这是沥滤的概念）

The chemical process industries use leaching but the process is usually called extraction, and organic solvents are often used. The theory and practice of leaching are well-developed because for many years leaching has been used to separate metals from their ores and to extract sugar from sugar beets. Environmental engineers have become concerned with leaching more recently because of the multitude of dumps and landfills that contain hazardous and toxic waste. Sometimes the natural breakdown of a toxic chemical results in another chemical that is even more toxic .Rain that passes through these materials enters ground water, lakes, streams,wells, pond, and the like.。

Although many toxic materials have low solubility in water, the concentrations that are deemed hazardous are also very low. Furthermore, many toxic compounds are accumulated by living cells and can be more concentrated inside than outside a cell. This is why long-term exposure is a serious problem; encountering a low concentration of a toxic material a few times may not be dangerous, but having it in your drinking water day after day and year after year can ge deadly.。

Heap leaching is a countercurrent process where the solid is in a stationary heap and the solvent percolates through the solid. An example is a dump or landfill. In industrial leaching, solvent and solid are mixed, allowed to approach eqilibrium, and the two phase are separated. Liquid and solids move countercurrently to the adjacent stages. The solvent phase ,called the extract, becomes more concentrated as it contacts in stagewise fasion the increaseingly solute -rich solid. The raffinate becomes less concentrated in soluble material as it moves toward the fresh solvent phase.。

The main theory of leaching neglects mechanisms for holding the materials on the solid. Although adsorption and ion exchange can bind materials tightly to solids, we will simplify the analysis and consider only dissolving a soluble solid. An example is removing salt from sand by extraction with water.。

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