fauna-70

问题描述:哪几种蝴蝶是珍稀蝴蝶 大家好,给大家分享一下一个有趣的事情,很多人还不知道这一点。下面详细解释一下。现在让我们来看看!

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金斑喙凤蝶

中文名:金斑喙凤蝶

拉丁学名:Teinopalpus aureus 。

昆虫纲→有翅亚纲→鳞翅目→蝶类→凤蝶科→喙凤蝶属 。

我国最稀有的蝴蝶——比大熊猫珍稀得多 。

● 国际濒危动物保护委员会:R级(最稀有的一级)

●《国际濒危野生动植物种贸易公约》:一级保护物种 。

●《国家重点保护野生动物名录》:一级保护动物。

属鳞翅目凤蝶科。本种是世界上最名贵、极为罕见的蝴蝶,中国特有种。长期以来,一直被世界上的蝴蝶专家誉为“梦幻中的蝴蝶”。该蝶为中国特有种,珍贵而稀少(野外生存数量远远少于大熊猫),是唯一的列为国家一级保护动物的蝴蝶。很多专家提议作为中国的国蝶。

形态特征:翅展81~93 mm。雌雄异型。雄蝶体、翅呈翠绿色,底色黑褐色。前翅有一条黑色斜带,此带以内区域色浓,以外区域色淡。外缘有两条平行的黑带。后翅外缘齿状,有翠绿色月牙形斑纹,在月牙形斑纹内侧有相应的金黄色斑纹。此蝶即因此而得名,并闻名于世。

雌翅无金绿色,后翅五边形大斑色白,尾突细长。

主要分布在我国的江西、福建、广东、海南。

金斑喙凤蝶体长30毫米左右,两翅展开有110毫米以上,是一种大型凤蝶。它的翅上鳞粉闪烁着幽幽绿光。前翅上各有一条弧形金绿色的斑带;后翅中央有几块金黄色的斑块,后缘有月牙形的金黄斑,后翅的尾状突出细长,末端一小截颜色金黄。它常飞翔在林间的高空,也时而停在花丛间,其姿态优美,犹如华丽高贵、光彩照人的“贵妇人”,因此人们称它为“蝶中皇后”。70多年前,一名外国人从我国采集到了一只金斑喙凤蝶,标本被带往国外保存。1984年8月20日,中国东方标本公司采集队的同志,历尽艰难,连续几年上山采集,终于在武夷山自然保护区内捕获一只雄性金斑喙凤蝶。武夷山自然保护区研究室的同志在整理以往采集的昆虫标本时,发现了一只前几年采集到的金斑喙凤蝶标本,而且是一只雌的。消息传出后,引起生物界的重视,我国从事蝴蝶研究工作50余年的李传隆教授特地从北京赶往福建,对它们进行仔细观察后激动地说:“金斑喙凤蝶的寻获,填补了中国昆虫学研究的一块空白。”

1961年,我国邮电部准备发行一套20种中国蝴蝶的邮票,根据蝶类专家的意见,其中必须有一枚金斑喙凤蝶邮票。可是国内一时找不到这种蝴蝶标本,图案设计者不得不借助外国的资料。当时,在英国伦敦皇家自然博物馆的昆虫标本珍藏室里,讲解员骄傲地介绍说:“这漂亮名贵的蝴蝶,名叫“金斑喙凤蝶”。它的产地在中国武夷山,全世界只有我们博物馆里才有这种蝴蝶的标本。”

据悉,所罗门群岛上的大鸟翼蝶标本,曾在巴黎以1800美元一只,创下蝴蝶标本拍卖最高价的世界纪录,而一位港商却愿意出2万美元买下这对金斑喙凤蝶。由于某种原因,后来虽未成交 ,但由此可见金斑喙凤蝶的价值,真是“一蝶万金”!

中文名:二尾凤蝶

别名:双尾褐凤蝶,二尾褐凤蝶,云南褐凤蝶,二尾褐绢蝶。

拉丁文学名:Bhutanitis mansfieldi (Riley, 1939)。

科:凤蝶科 Papilionodae。

属:尾凤蝶属 Bhutanitis。

地位:世界上非常珍稀的蝶类昆虫之一。

分布区域:四川、云南,为中国特有种,属于珍稀蝴蝶之一。

此物种属于:《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)或《华盛顿公约》保护级别: 二类。

保护级别:中国国家林业局《国家重点保护野生动物名录》,国家二级保护野生动物。《受威胁的世界凤蝶》列为R级(个体数量甚少)。

[编辑本段]形态特征

翅展65~77mm。翅黑褐色,前翅上半部有6条黄色或黄白色的斜横带,从基部数第1、2条到后缘,4和5条在中间合并后到后缘,亚外缘区有1条从前缘直达后缘,使翅面黄白色与黑底色的比例几乎相等。后翅黄色斑纹比较散乱,亚基区有1条斜横带,中区上半部有2~3条带,下半部有1条曲折的黄带和1条红带达后缘,外缘区有1列黄色斑纹;外缘钝齿状;尾突2枚,长者末端膨大呈锤状;臀角有1枚拇指状突起。翅反面除脉纹和脉间纹很清晰外,其余与正面相似。

[编辑本段]生物习性

生物学:一年发生1代,成虫多栖息于海拔2000米以上气候温和、冬季干旱晴朗、夏季较为潮湿的高山峡谷林地中。

[编辑本段]保护意义及措施

濒危原因不明,但过度采集无疑是一严重威胁。本种是世界珍稀种,科学上尚可能有新亚种待发现,故列为保护物种。建议将其栖息地建为自然保护区,严禁捕捉及随意采集;开展生态、生物学方面的基础研究。

拉丁文学名:Bhutanitis thaidina。

别名:中华褐凤蝶,三尾褐凤蝶,三尾褐绢蝶。

科:凤蝶科 Papilionodae。

属:尾凤蝶属 Bhutanitis。

分布区域:甘肃、陕西、四川、云南、西藏等省,中国特有种,属于珍稀蝴蝶之一。

寄主:马兜铃科的木香马兜铃(Aristolochia moupinensis Franch)。

地位:世界上非常珍稀的蝶类昆虫之一,该种为我国特产、濒危、珍稀蝴蝶。

此物种属于:《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)或《华盛顿公约》保护级别: 二类。

保护级别:中国国家林业局《国家重点保护野生动物名录》,为国家二级保护野生动物。《受威胁的世界凤蝶》列为R级(个体数量甚少)。

[编辑本段]生活习性

三尾凤蝶属高山种,目前仅发现于云南东川市、巧家等地。成虫每年5月间出现,喜在树梢头来回飞舞,彼此追逐。雌蝶产卵于寄主绒毛马兜铃叶子背面,卵粒排列较整齐,一次产卵约30粒。

生物学:一年发生1代,成虫五月出现,生活在海拔2000m以上的高山地区。

[编辑本段]形态特征

翅展86~92mm。身体黑色,腹面有白色绒毛。翅黑色。前翅有8条横带,从基部数第1、2、4、8条到后缘,第6和7条在中部合并后到后缘,但是第7条上半部不十分明显。后翅上半部有3~4条斜横带,近基部1条到中室恰好与Cu2脉并连走向近臀角处的红色横斑;红斑下面有3枚蓝斑,外缘有4~5枚斑,其中有的呈弯月形;尾突3枚。翅反面脉纹及脉间纹十分清晰,其余与正面相似。

[编辑本段]辨别特征

本种与二尾凤蝶(Bh. mansfieldi)很相似,不同的是本种前翅上半部有8条横带,二尾凤蝶有7条横带。后翅本种有3条状突,无指形突;二尾凤蝶有2条尾突,另有1枚指状突。

[编辑本段]保护意义及措施

濒危原因不明,但旨在贸易的贪梦采集无疑是一严重威胁。本种是世界珍稀种,故列为保护物种。建议将其栖息地建为自然保护区,严禁捕捉及随意采集;开展生态、生物学方面的基础研究。

中文名:中华虎凤蝶

拉丁学名:Luehdorfia chinensis (Leech , 1893 )

类属:凤蝶科 Papilionodae 虎凤蝶属 Luehdorfia ( Cruger , 1878 )。

得名原因:翅的基色黄,前翅外缘有宽的黑带,翅面有很多黑色短纹,犹如虎皮,故名。后翅外缘波形,尾突短,外缘黑带上镶有弯月形黄斑,黑带的中间嵌有蓝色斑点,最里面一列弯月形红斑。

分布:河南、山西、陕西、湖北、江苏、浙江等省,是中国的特有种。

相关:在陕西秦岭和太白山近年还发现李氏亚种和太白虎凤蝶(L. taibai Chou)(L. ch. lee Chou=L. huashanen Lee)均为中国特有珍稀种类。

[编辑本段]濒危原因与保护

濒危原因:本种分布局限我国东部平原及丘陵地区。该区人口稠密化与都市化以及大农业化,极大地破坏了本种的栖息与生存条件,加之多年来的贪梦采集与捕捉,已对该种的生存带来极大的危机。

地位:华虎凤蝶是我国陕西华山特产,著名的珍贵蝴蝶,其中华山亚种十分稀少,已被列列为国家二级保护野生动物。IUCN红皮书《受威胁的世界凤蝶》列为K级(“险情”不详类)。 中华虎凤蝶是中国昆虫学会蝴蝶分会的会徽图案。

此物种列入:中国国家林业局《国家重点保护野生动物名录》

[编辑本段]外形特征

在祖国长江南岸的早春3月,就能看到一种体型中等、色彩艳丽、翅面斑纹黄底黑条而有似虎斑的凤蝶在翩翩起物,这就是久负盛名的国产珍蝶 - 中华虎凤蝶。由于它出现在惊蛰前后,所以也有人叫它为惊蛰蝶。

中华虎凤蝶雄蝶体长15-17mm,平均16.2mm,翅展58-64mm,平均60.8mm;雌蝶体长17-20mm,平均18.6mm,翅展59-65mm,平均62.2mm。翅黄色,间有黑色横条纹(黑带),酷似虎斑,亦称横纹蝶。除翅外,整体黑色,密被黑色鳞片和细长的鳞毛。在各腹节的后缘侧面,有一道细长的白色纹。

中华虎凤蝶的前翅基部及后翅内缘密生淡黄色鳞毛。前翅正面的基部,外缘及斜行于其间的3条横带呈黑色,另有2条短的黑带相间其间,终止于中室的后缘。前翅外缘呈曲线状,有一列外缘黄色斑,近翅尖的第一个黄色斑与后方7个黄色斑排列整齐,无错位。后翅外缘呈波浪形,黑色,中间有4个小的青蓝色斑点,具金属光泽,在臀角处也有1个同样颜色的臀眼斑。在青蓝色斑外侧还有4个黄色半月斑。亚外缘有5个发达的红色斑连成带状,自内缘开始,终止于M1脉。亚外缘的黑色斑细小。中室的黑带分离成二段。尾突较短,长度约为后翅的15%。臀角有1个缺刻。后翅缘毛除尾突处外均为黄色。

前、后翅背面斑纹与正面基本相似,但前翅外缘第1-5黄色斑颜色较深,呈橙色。其外侧有1条橙色带,终止于Cu1脉,内侧还有1条淡黄色带。后翅外缘的半月斑略大,呈橙色。在亚外缘红色斑之前,近前缘处有1块橙色斑。亚外缘红色斑与外缘青蓝色斑之间呈黄黑色混杂。

雌、雄斑纹相同,但雌蝶的黄色往往要略深一些。

卵 立式卵,顶部圆滑,底部平,呈馒头形。卵粒直径0.969-1.00 mm,高0.721- 0.803 mm。初产时淡绿色,具珍珠光泽,孵化前变成黑褐色。卵集中成片产于寄主植物叶片的背面。

幼虫 头部坚硬,黑褐色,1~3龄时有光泽,老熟幼虫无光泽,密被黑色刚毛。单眼6枚,深黑色而光亮,半环状排列。头盖缝淡褐色。胸腹部深紫黑色,体表刚毛丛共6行,分别为:亚背线 - 气门上线丛2行;气门下线丛2行;基线丛2行。其中气门下线丛着生在略呈半球形的大疣突上。各节的刚毛丛深黑发亮,中间常夹有1~2根白色的长刚毛。气门长椭圆形,深黑色。

蛹 体型粗短,粗糙不平,具金属光泽。体长15~16.5 mm,宽7.5~8.3 mm。初化之蛹头胸部外观湿润,除翅芽浅绿色外,其余呈浅黄色,以后随着蛹体干燥,色泽逐渐变深,呈红棕色,最后整体呈茶褐色,且质地坚硬。蛹背面:头端有排列整齐的4个突起,其后方有2个突起。胸部远比腹部窄,前胸背板有一倒丫形脊突;中胸宽大、鼓突;后胸较窄,有一细丝围绕在后胸背面;胸部中央有蜕裂线。腹部可见10节,第1~3腹节由窄到宽,第4与第5腹节之间可以上下活动。每一腹节有矩形褐色内凹块5块,中央一块最宽,第一腹节中央凹块两侧有乳白色斑一对。蛹腹面:头部呈长方形;复眼半圆形,位于前方两侧,近触角基部;上唇圆弧形,中央凸出。腹末端强烈向腹面弯曲,与体中轴成直角。

[编辑本段]生活习性

成虫于每年3~4月间出现,一年一代。交尾后雌蝶腹下产生褐色平板状衍生物,有虫寄生植物为细辛,在受惊吓时幼虫还会自前胸中央翻出红色泌腺,这种具有绢蝶和凤蝶两科特征的蝶类是罕见的。成虫喜欢在阳光充足处,具有一定湿度的林间沟旁活动。

寄主:幼虫取食马兜铃科(Aristolochiaceae)的杜衡(Asarum forbesii)、华细辛(Asaru sidboldi)等植物。

生物学:一年发生1代,以蛹越夏、越冬,部位多在枝干或树皮上、枯枝败叶下及石块缝隙中。成虫于3、4月出现,飞舞在潮湿的林间。卵初见于3月中旬,盛见于3月下旬、4月初。4月初至5月中旬为幼虫活动期,5月上旬开始陆续化蛹。每一雌蝶的平均怀卵量为122粒,平均产卵量为23.5粒。本种己人工饲养繁殖成功。

台湾宽尾凤蝶

拉丁文学名:Agehana maraho(Shiraki et Sonan) 。

英文名:Brood-tail Fwallowtail Butterfly。

别名:八百圆蝶、梦幻之蝶大燕尾蝶。

分 类:动物界fauna-节肢动物们arthropoda-六足总纲hexapoda-昆虫纲insecta-有翅亚纲pterygota-鳞翅目lepidoptera-锤角亚目rhopalocera-凤蝶科papilionidae-宽尾凤蝶属agehana-台湾宽尾凤蝶。

[编辑本段]描述

台湾特产大型蝶类。翅展 90~120mm。和我国大陆产的宽尾凤蝶非常接近。前翅底色黑而略带褐色,后翅在中室附近有白色大纹,在外沿则有一排红色弦月型纹,雌蝶较雄蝶略大,由于具有特别宽大的尾状突起,同时因二支翅脉贯穿其间,乃其他凤蝶所无之特征,因此举世闻名。

相同处有:都具有宽大尾状突起,且有两条尾脉。

不同处有:后翅中室和附近呈白色,外缘各室、臀角、尾突上的红斑呈圆门形。雌蝶翅面较宽圆。

[编辑本段]发现

在1932年于宜兰乌帽子河滩被发现,日据时代任职宜兰农林学校的铃木利一,是相当有名的蝴蝶痴,在一次意外的巧遇中,他捕获了全世界第1只宽尾凤蝶,当时就被其特别宽大的尾突所深深吸引。

铃木随后立即把这个好消息告诉了台北帝国大学教授素木得一,素木随即带着助手前往宜兰捕获了第2只宽尾凤蝶,由于旅费高达 800 日圆,因此她也被日人戏称为「八百圆蝶」。在他发表宽尾凤蝶时,将其种小名命为「maraho」,正好与泰雅族中「酋长」之意同音,意味着其与众不同、唯我独尊的象征。

素木更将宽尾凤蝶列入天然纪念物名单之中,这也是台湾产蝶类首度出现在天然纪念物的名录中,而在1936年,宽尾凤蝶与中国宽尾凤蝶,更被生物学界将它们从原来的凤蝶属中,被提升成为一个新属,也就是「宽尾凤蝶属」。

[编辑本段]生态地位

该种为台湾特产,极为稀有。成虫栖息时常平放翅膀,飞行缓慢,常作滑翔飞态,幼虫寄主于檫树。在乌来和台东都有采集记录。该种在学术上有很高的价值,有中国“国蝶”的美誉。

[编辑本段]保护

宽尾凤蝶喜欢出没于海拔1000到2000公尺的山区,早期这些地点都是交通不便、人迹罕至的地方,加上其发生期仅限于每年5到8月间,因此当时的采集记录非常稀少,而被称为「梦幻之蝶」,但却也因为声名大噪,一对宽尾凤蝶往往可以卖到上万元,在金钱的驱使下,也使宽尾凤蝶开始面临前所未有的生存压力。

[编辑本段]分布

台湾。海拔1000到2000公尺的山区,喜欢在向阳的崩塌地活动,并将卵产在属于崩塌地先驱树种的檫树上,因此已有生物学家提出一个相当讽刺的论调,就是去年921大地震所造成的山崩地区,由于适合檫树的生长,因此对于濒临绝种的宽尾凤蝶而言,说不定反倒是个绝佳的生命转捩点。

帮我介绍罗马人的神祇--法乌努斯(Faunus),介绍他的相关的相关图片

帮我介绍罗马人的神祇--法乌努斯(Faunus),介绍他的相关

鲸是生活在海洋中的哺乳动物。有的鲸身体很大,最大的体长可达30米,最小也超过6米。目前,已知最大的鲸约有16万公斤重,最小的也有2000公斤,我国发现了一头近4万公斤重的鲸,约有17米长.鲸的体形像鱼,呈梭形。头部大,眼小,耳括完全退化。颈部不明显。前肢呈鳍状,后肢完全退化;多数种类背上有鳍;尾呈水平鳍状,是主要的运动器官。有齿或无齿。鼻孔一或二个,长在头顶上。整个身子没有毛(有许多种类只在嘴边尚残余一些毛)。皮肤下有一层厚的脂肪,可以保温和减小身体的比重。用肺呼吸,在水面吸气后即潜入水中,可以潜泳10~45分钟。一般以浮游动物、软体动物和鱼类为食。胎生,通常每胎产一子,用乳汁哺育幼鲸。但许多人分其为鱼类,事实上它们不是鱼类而是哺乳动物。分布在世界各海洋中。

鲸,世界各海洋均有分布。它是水栖哺乳动物,用肺呼吸,其种类分为两类,须鲸类,无齿,有鲸须,鼻孔两个,有长须鲸,蓝鲸、座头鲸、灰鲸等种类;齿鲸类,有齿,无鲸须,鼻孔一个,有抹香鲸、独角鲸、虎鲸等种类。海洋中绝大部分氧气和大气中60%的氧气是浮游植物制造的。须鲸却能灭浮游植物的劲敌——浮游动物。另外,齿鲸也有助于保持鱼类的生态平衡。齿鲸的食物就是以鱼为食的大型软体动物。因此世界上没有鲸,人类就要灭亡。

鲸类动物的共同特点是体温恒定,大约为35.5℃左右。皮肤裸出,没有体毛,仅吻部具有少许刚毛,没有汗腺和皮脂腺。皮下的脂肪很厚,可以保持体温并且减轻身体在水中的比重。头骨发达,但脑颅部小,颜面部大,前额骨和上颌骨显著延长,形成很长的吻部。颈部不明显,颈椎有愈合现象,头与躯干直接连接。前肢呈鳍状,趾不分开,没有爪,肘和腕的关节不能灵活运动,适于在水中游泳。后肢退化,但尚有骨盆和股骨的残迹,呈残存的骨片。尾巴退化成鳍,末端的皮肤左右向水平方向扩展,形成一对大的尾叶,但并不是由骨骼支持的,脊椎骨在狭长的尾干部逐渐变细,最后在进入尾鳍之前消失。尾鳍和鱼类不同,可作上下摆动,是游泳的主要器官。有些种类还具有背鳍,用来平衡身体。它们的骨骼具有海棉状组织,体腔内有较多的脂肪,可以增大身体的体积,减轻身体的比重,增大浮力。

它们的眼睛都很小,没有泪腺和瞬膜,视力较差。没有外耳壳,外耳道也很细,但听觉却十分灵敏,而且能感受超声波,靠回声定位来寻找食物、联系同伴或逃避敌害。外鼻孔有1—2个,位于头顶,俗称喷气孔,一般鼻孔位置越靠后者进化程度越高。用肺呼吸,左右各有一叶肺,其中有许多毛细血管,富有弹性,能有助于氧的流通,适应在水面上进行的气体交换,每隔一段时间需要浮出水面来进行换气,也能潜水较长时间。肋骨有10一20对。胃分为4个室。肾脏大多为瘤状。雄兽的睾丸位于腹腔内。雌兽在水中产仔和哺乳,子宫为双角形,有一对乳房,位于生殖裂两侧的乳沟内,有细长的乳头,乳汁中含有丰富的钙、磷和大量的脂肪。幼仔在胚胎期间都具有牙齿,但须鲸类的牙齿到出生的时候则被须所取代,齿鲸类的牙齿则终生保留。

鲸类是一种生活在水中的哺乳动物,他具有和陆上哺乳动物相同的生理特征,例 如用肺呼吸、胎生等,更贝备了一些为适应水生环境所演化出的特殊生理构造。鲸在分类「属于动物界(kingdom Animel)、脊索动物门(phylum Chordata)、哺乳纲目(orderCetacea)。

鲸目之下又区分为两个亚目,分别是须鲸亚目(suborderMysticeti,blaleenwhales)和齿鲸亚目(suborderOdo-ntoceti,toothedwhales) 。这两大类的分群,再学术上主要是依据它们摄食方式之不同而定,须鲸亚目主要的形态特征 是没有牙齿,但是有具大的鲸须,可用来筛选浮游生物.所以为滤食性。齿鲸亚目的主要特征 为有牙齿,掠食性,其牙齿的数目与排列方式受到食性的影向会有不同,全世界现存有13科约 79种。

鲸鱼虽然有鱼字,其实它并不是鱼类,而是哺乳类动物,它有许多和鱼类极不相同的特性,例如一般鱼类是左右摆动尾鳍来使身体前进,而鲸鱼却是以上下摆动尾鳍的方式前进。它们利用前端的鳍状肢来保持身体平衡及控制力向,有些鲸鱼背部的上端还有能保持身体垂直的鳍。

鲸鱼是群集动物,它们通常成群结队的在海里生活,可是当鲸鱼呼吸时,就需要游到水面上来,这时鲸鱼是利用头上的喷水孔来呼吸,呼气时,空气中的湿气会凝结而形成我们所熟悉的喷泉状。专家们甚至可以从喷水的高度、宽度及角度,来辨识鲸鱼的种类。鲸鱼的种类很多,大致分成齿鲸和须鲸两大类。

鲸鱼的表皮下有著极厚的脂肪层,那就是俗称的鲸油,它可以使鲸体保持温暖,而且也能贮存能量以供应不时之需。由于鲸鱼体内拥有许多特殊的构造,使它能够长时间的在水中屏庄呼吸、减慢心跳速度,因此当它沈到海底,总要经过一段长时间后,才会再浮出水面。除了具有贮存氧气的构造外,当身体某个部位需要大量的血液供应时,体内还会有集中供应的特殊机能。

由于人类的捕杀,目前全世界13种鲸中已有至少5种濒临灭绝。为保护鲸类,国际捕鲸委员会自1986年起禁止商业捕鲸活动,但1987年这一禁令出现松动,允许“以研究为目的”的限量捕鲸活动。尽管遭广泛反对,有一些国家每年仍以科学研究为名大量捕杀鲸类。

鲸每隔一段时间样到水面上来呼吸。它的鼻孔是在头顶上。浮出水面时,会喷出水柱。不同的鲸的水柱也会一不样。须鲸喷出的水柱又高又细,齿鲸喷出的水柱又粗又矮,有经验的人一看水柱便可以推算出鲸的种类、大小和年龄。我们也知道了鲸不是鱼类。

圣诞岛---英语介绍的相关图片

圣诞岛---英语介绍

古罗马有Faunus和Fauna两个半人半羊的神,掌管动物,是牧羊人的保护神。他们的手下,长的跟他们一样,也叫fauns。

Fauna也是多产女神,是Faunus的妻子、妹妹或女儿。

一般认为,Faunus源自古希腊人身羊足,头上有角的潘神( Pan ),是许多罗马化的希腊神之一。

螯虾是如何分类的???的相关图片

螯虾是如何分类的???

The Territory of Christmas Island is a territory of Australia in the Indian Ocean. It is located 2,600 kilometres (1,600 mi) northwest of the Western Australian city of Perth, 500 km (310 mi) south of the Indonesian capital, Jakarta, and 975 km (606 mi) ENE of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.。

It has a population of approximately 1,600 residents who live in a number of "settlement areas" on the northern tip of the island: Flying Fish Cove (also known as Kampong), Silver City, Poon Saan, and Drumsite.。

The island’s geographic isolation and history of minimal human disturbance has led to a high level of endemism amongst its flora and fauna, which is of significant interest to scientists and naturalists.[2]。

Phosphate, deposited as Guano, has been mined on the island for many years. 63% of its 135 square kilometres (52 sq mi) is National Park and there are large areas of primary rainforest.。

History

British and Dutch navigators first included the island on their charts in the early seventeenth century, and Captain William Mynors of the British East India Company vessel, the Royal Mary, named the island when he arrived on Christmas Day, 25 December 1643.[3] The island first appears on a map produced by Pieter Goos and published in 1666. Goos had labelled the island Mony.[4]。

The earliest recorded visit was in March 1688 by William Dampier of the British ship Cygnet, who found it uninhabited.[5] An account of the visit can be found in Dampier's Voyages, which describes how, when trying to reach Cocos from New Holland, his ship was pulled off course in an easterly direction and after 28 days arrived at Christmas Island. Dampier landed at the Dales (on the West Coast) and two of his crewmen were the first recorded people to set foot on Christmas Island.。

The next visit was by Daniel Beekman, who described it in his 1718 book, A Voyage to and from the Island of Borneo, in the East Indies.。

People

As of 2006, the estimated population is 1,493. (The Australian Bureau of Statistics reports a population of 1,508 as of the 2001 Census.)。

The ethnic composition is 70% Chinese (mainly Cantonese), 20% European and 10% Malay. Religions practised on Christmas Island include Buddhism 75%, Christianity 12%, Islam 10% and others 3%. English is the official language, but Cantonese and Malay are also spoken. Both English and Cantonese are lingua franca.。

[show]v • d • eDemographics of Oceania 。

Sovereign states Australia · East Timor1 · Fiji · Indonesia1 · Kiribati · Papua New Guinea · Marshall Islands · Federated States of Micronesia · Nauru · New Zealand · Palau · Samoa · Solomon Islands · Tonga · Tuvalu · Vanuatu。

Dependencies and。

other territories American Samoa · Christmas Island · Cocos (Keeling) Islands · Cook Islands · French Polynesia · Guam · Hawaii · New Caledonia · Niue · Norfolk Island · Northern Mariana Islands · Pitcairn Islands · Tokelau · Wallis and Futuna。

1 Transcontinental country. 。

[edit] Postage stamps。

Main article: Postage stamps and postal history of Christmas Island。

A postal agency was opened on the island in 1901 and sold stamps of the Strait Settlements.[9]。

After the Japanese Occupation (1942–1945), postage stamps of the British Military Administration in Malaya were in use, then stamps of Singapore.[10]。

In 1958, the island received its own postage stamps after being put under Australian custody. It had a large philatelic and postal independence, managed first by the Phosphate Commission (1958–1969) and then by the Island's Administration (1969–1993).[9] This ended on 2 March 1993 when Australia Post became the island's postal operator: stamps of Christmas Island can be used in Australia and Australian stamps in the island.[10]。

[edit] Government。

Christmas Island is a non-self governing territory of Australia, administered by the Attorney-General's Department[11] (before November 29, 2007[12] administration was carried out by the Department of Transport and Regional Services). The legal system is under the authority of the Governor-General of Australia and Australian law. An Administrator (Neil Lucas, since 28 January 2006) appointed by the Governor-General represents the monarch and Australia.。

The Australian Government provides Commonwealth-level government services through the Christmas Island Administration and the Department of Infrastructure. There is no state government; instead, state government type services are provided by contractors, including departments of the Western Australian Government, with the costs met by the Australian (Commonwealth) Government. A unicameral Shire of Christmas Island with 9 seats provides local government services and is elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms. Elections are held every two years, with half the members standing for election.。

Christmas Island residents who are Australian citizens also vote in Commonwealth (federal) elections. Christmas Island residents are represented in the House of Representatives through the Northern Territory Division of Lingiari and in the Senate by Northern Territory Senators.。

In early 1986, the Christmas Island Assembly held a design competition for an island flag; the winning design was adopted as the informal flag of the territory for over a decade, and in 2002 it was made the official flag of Christmas Island.。

[edit] Economy

Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened by a consortium which included many of the former mine workers as shareholders. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993, but was closed in 1998 and has not re-opened. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial spaceport on the island, however this has not yet been constructed, and appears that it will not proceed in the future. The Howard Government built a temporary immigration detention centre on the island in 2001 and planned to replace it with a larger, modern facility located at North West Point until Howard's defeat in the 2007 elections.。

[edit] Geography。

Christmas IslandLocated at 10°30′S 105°40′E / 10.5°S 105.667°E / -10.5; 105.667, the island is a quadrilateral with hollowed sides, about 19 kilometres (12 mi) in greatest length and 14.5 km (9.0 mi) in extreme breadth. The total land area is 135 square kilometres (52 sq mi), with 138.9 km (86.3 mi) of coastline. The island is the flat summit of a submarine mountain more than 4,500 metres (15,000 ft),[13] the depth of the platform from which it rises being about 4,200 m (14,000 ft) and its height above the sea being upwards of 300 m (980 ft).[14] The mountain was originally a volcano, and some basalt is exposed in places such as The Dales and Dolly Beach, but most of the surface rock is limestone accumulated from the growth of coral over millions of years.[15]。

The climate is tropical, with heat and humidity moderated by trade winds. Steep cliffs along much of the coast rise abruptly to a central plateau. Elevation ranges from sea level to 361 m (1,180 ft) at Murray Hill. The island is mainly tropical rainforest, of which 63% is National Park.。

The narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard.。

Christmas Island is 500 km (310 mi) south of Indonesia and about 2,600 km (1,600 mi) northwest of Perth.。

[edit] Flora and fauna。

See also: Birds of Christmas Island。

Coconut crab

Christmas Island red crab 。

Red-footed Boobies 。

Common Noddy

Brown BoobyChristmas Island is of immense scientific value as it was uninhabited until the late nineteenth century, so many unique species of fauna and flora exist which have evolved independently of human interference. Two species of native rats, the Maclear's and Bulldog Rat have gone extinct since the island was settled, the species of shrew has not been seen since the mid 1980s and may be already extinct, and the Christmas Island Pipistrelle, a small bat is critically endangered. Two-thirds of the island has been declared a National Park which is managed by the Australian Department of Environment and Heritage through Parks Australia.。

The dense rainforest has evolved in the deep soils of the plateau and on the terraces. The forests are dominated by twenty-five tree species. Ferns, orchids and vines grow on the branches in the humid atmosphere beneath the canopy. The 135 plant species include sixteen which are found only on Christmas Island.。

The annual red crab mass migration (around 100 million animals) to the sea to spawn has been called one of the wonders of the natural world[16] and takes place each year around November; after the start of the wet season and in synchronisation with the cycle of the moon.。

The land crabs and sea birds are the most noticeable animals on the island. Twenty terrestrial and intertidal species of crab (of which thirteen are regarded as true land crabs, only dependent on the ocean for larval development) have been described. Robber crabs, known elsewhere as coconut crabs, also exist in large numbers on the island.。

Christmas Island is a focal point for sea birds of various species. Eight species or subspecies of sea birds nest on the island. The most numerous is the Red-footed Booby that nests in colonies, in trees, on many parts of the shore terrace. The widespread Brown Booby nests on the ground near the edge of the seacliff and inland cliffs. Abbott's Booby (listed as endangered) nests on tall emergent trees of the western, northern and southern plateau rainforest. The Christmas Island forest is the only nesting habitat of the Abbott's Booby left in the world. The endemic Christmas Island Frigatebird (listed as endangered) has nesting areas on the north-eastern shore terraces and the more widespread. Great Frigatebirds nest in semi-deciduous trees on the shore terrace with the greatest concentrations being in the North West and South Point areas. The Common Noddy and two species of bosuns or tropicbirds, with their brilliant gold or silver plumage and distinctive streamer tail feathers, also nest on the island. Of the ten native land birds and shorebirds, seven are endemic species or subspecies. Some 86 migrant bird species have been recorded.。

[edit] Communications and transportation。

Telephone services are provided by Telstra and are a part of the Australian network with the same prefix as Western Australia (08). A GSM mobile telephone system replaced the old analogue network in February 2005. Four free-to-air television stations from Australia are broadcast (ABC, SBS, GWN and WIN) in the same time-zone as Perth. Radio broadcasts from Australia include ABC Radio National, ABC Regional radio and Red FM. All services are provided by satellite links from the mainland. Broadband internet became available to subscribers in urban areas in mid 2005 through the local internet service provider, CIIA (formerly dotCX).。

Christmas Island, due to its close proximity to Australia's northern neighbours, falls within many of the more 'interesting' satellite footprints throughout the region. This results in ideal conditions for receiving various Asian broadcasts which locals sometimes prefer to the West Australian provided content. Additionally, ionospheric conditions usually bode well for many of the more terrestrial radio transmissions - HF right up through VHF and sometimes in to UHF. The island plays home to a small array of radio equipment that, evidently, spans a good chunk of the usable spectrum. A variety of government owned and operated antenna systems are employed on the island to take advantage of this.。

A container port exists at Flying Fish Cove with an alternative container unloading point to the south of the island at Norris Point for use during the December to March 'swell season" of seasonal rough seas.。

An 18 km standard gauge railway from Flying Fish Cove to the phosphate mine was constructed in 1914. It was closed in December 1987 when the Australian Government closed the mine but remains largely intact.。

There are three weekly flights into Christmas Island Airport from Perth, Western Australia (via RAAF Learmonth) and a weekly charter flight from Malaysia operated by Malaysia Airlines on Saturdays.。

There is a new recreation centre at Phosphate Hill operated by the Shire of Christmas Island. There is also a taxi service. The road network covers most of the island and is generally good quality, although four wheel drive vehicles are needed to access some more distant parts of the rain forest or the more isolated beaches, which are only accessible by rough dirt roads.。

[edit]

关于针叶林和阔叶林~

中文正名:螯虾科,拉丁学名Astacidae,生物学分类地位属于动物界Fauna → 节肢动物门 Arthropoda → 甲壳纲 Crustacea → 软甲亚纲Malacostraca → 囊甲总目Peracarida → 十足目 Decapoda → 爬行亚目Reptantia → 长尾部 Macrura → 螯虾科 Astacidae。共有12个属,300多种。在300多种螯虾中多数经济价值较低,其中Cambarellus属的种类个体最小,个体重量很少超过lg;个体较大(每尾可达到50-80g)和具有重要经济价值的螯虾有原螯虾属Procambams,螯虾属Cambarus,太平洋螯虾属Pacifastacus和叉肢螯虾属Orconectes的种类,其中克氏原螯虾占整个螯虾产量的70-80%。

我国是螯虾(又广称龙虾)分布最少的国家之一,仅有四个种,克氏原螯虾,东北螯虾Cambaroides dauricus,史氏拟螯虾C.schrenkii和朝鲜螯虾C.Similis,后三种仅分布于我国东北三省、朝鲜和日本。

原文地址:http://www.qianchusai.com/fauna-70.html

inquire-70

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凑阿库娅中之人照片-20,凑阿库娅中之人前身是谁

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