第一个句子包含有定语从句,其主语是John Geoghan(约翰吉欧根)。此句话中“方式状语从句”(by a cellmate serving a life sentence for murder)中介词by后的“介词宾语”cellmate(替天行道的同牢狱友,由凶杀罪被判无期徒刑)是造成你理解误差的根源。主语意思就是,在这个句子里面是以它为主,定于从句自然修饰的是主语。假如要修饰cellmate,那么只能以cellmate作主语另起一句。然而这些都只是理论空谈,这里举个实例:比方说一句话是写荔枝,那主语就是荔枝。你就不能写“Litchi is a kind of fruit that is deeply loved by Consort Yang Yuhuan, who is so beautiful!"这属于素质问题,人不能把句子写成那样!所以请你信任写句子的人,他们不会蓄意作怪用定语从句去修饰不该修饰的成分。
第二个句子包含了原因状语从句外加犯有一丝”代词指代不清”(ambiguous pronoun reference )的毛病,第一分句的主语是Individual entrepreneurs(私企老板,民营企业家);至于第二分句的主语they的具体指代对象我们无从获悉,此时除了结合语境理解(看上文怎么铺垫下文怎么发挥)就是依靠现实分析(这句话讲的是企业家找靠山,好在第二分句中出现了obtain backing,说的应该还是那些小老板们,因为现实没有残酷到办事都只得凭关系),再不行就只有让作者改句子(易于引起误解的代词的所指对象应加以明确;该指名道姓的就要落实,不能一语双关指桑骂槐地含沙射影)。 你的叙述很不能表情达意,这里仅尝试翻译此句:私企老板们没啥靠亲戚的必要,因为亲戚有钱并不代表着会给你用。
这里我要再次声明一遍,以大肆贬低宾语的地位!通常在一个句子中跟主语同级别的只有谓语,因此我们可以认为一句话只由主语和谓语组成!
宾语等同于过去语法里的受词,因此它只是一个词,包含在谓语里的一个成分!回归当代语法,你可以这样记:谓语=及物动词(或不及物动词+介词)+宾语(我爱你);谓语=系动词+表语(我是人)。
《Vintage Stuff》(Sharpe, Tom)电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读。
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/186J2P6ORtFGr5W05i-mX0g。
提取码: quzk
书名:Vintage Stuff。
作者:Sharpe, Tom
出版年份:2004-1
页数:336
内容简介:
Peregrine Roderick Clyde-Brown is a bumbling, naive and savagely dim-witted teenager, who, as his name reveals, cannot possibly be exposed to the evils of a comprehensive school. However, with his penchant for taking even the most innocent command literally, no reputable school will accept the boy who, when told that he must turn over a new leaf, begins fondling the foliage. His parents, with high hopes and a considerable amount of bribery money, search for anywhere that will take their 'late developer.' In a school that time forgot, Peregrine's 'talents' for taking orders and having no discernible individual thought seem perfect for a promising career in the upper ranks of the British Army. It is at Groxbourne that Peregrine meets Mr Gladstone, a man whose teaching style extends as far as using lashings to teach arithmetic. After Gladstone whisks the unquestioning boy off on a hysterical mystery, Peregrine ends up storming a French castle, where he unwaveringly commits mischief, mayhem and even murder!。
http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/gjhdq/default.htm。
很权威哦