glaciers-50

谁有关于珠穆朗玛峰的英文文章

glacier:

a slowly moving mass of ice 。

wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn。

A glacier is a large, long-lasting river of ice that is formed on land and moves in response to gravity. A glacier is formed by multi-year ice accretion in mountainous or sloping terrain. The glacier fringe is the area where the glacier has recently melted. There are two main types of glaciers: alpine glaciers, which are found in mountain terrains, and continental glaciers, which are associated with ice ages and can cover large areas of continents. ...。

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier。

Ray Lloyd is a professional wrestler better known as Glacier from his days in World Championship Wrestling. 。

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier_(wrestler)。

A huge mass of ice, formed on land by the compaction and recrystallization of snow, that moves very slowly downslope or outward due to its own weight.。

www.bioquaticsupply.com/html/lkword_g.htm。

Bodies of land ice that consist of recrystallized snow accumulated on the surface of the ground, and that move slowly downslope.。

www.srh.weather.gov/srh/jetstream/append/glossary_g.htm。

a large mass of ice (at least .1km^2) set in motion by the Earth's gravity, which is a result of accumulated snowfall with little snow melt.。

www.tsgc.utexas.edu/stars/metgloss.html。

A glacier is a slowly-moving river of snow and ice.。

www.enchantedlearning.com/explorers/glossary.shtml。

A very large body of ice moving slowly down a slope or valley or spreading outward on a land surface。

www.climatechangenorth.ca/H1_Glossary.html。

A large mass of ice formed by compressed snow, which moves slowly under its own weight. Glaciers exist where, over a period of years, snow remains after summer's end and accumulates year after year.。

www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/hazard/stratoguide/glossary.html。

[glay-sher]- glaciers are accumulations of snow, ice, air pockets, water and rock debris. They can fill valleys or entire continents (as in the case of Antarctica). They have enough mass to flow across a landscape, moving as little as a few feet per year, up to thousands of feet per year. Glaciers are found throughout the world in such places as Africa, New Zealand and Chile.。

www.mnh.si.edu/arctic/html/resources_glossary.html。

A large mass of ice and snow that forms in areas where the rate of snowfall constantly exceeds the rate at which the snow melts。

www.ifdn.com/teacher/glossary.htm。

Any field or stream of ice of land origin. It may be either active or stagnant.。

www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/31-71/Gloss.htm。

a large mass of ice formed by the accumulation of falling snow that moves like a river。

www.msnucleus.org/membership/html/k-6/rc/dictionary/rcdict.html。

a large body of ice with definite lateral limits, which moves in a downslope direction due to its great mass, as in Alaska.。

www.dep.state.fl.us/geology/geologictopics/glossary.htm。

Accumulation of ice of atmospheric origin generally moving slowly on land over a long period.。

www.grid.unep.ch/product/publication/freshwater_europe/glos.php。

A mass of land ice, formed by the further recrystallization of firn, flowing continuously from higher to lower elevations. This term covers all such ice accumulations from the extensive continental glacier to tiny snowdrift glaciers. Nearly all glaciers are classified according to the topographical features with which they are associated, for example, highland glacier, plateau glacier, piedmont glacier, valley glacier, cirque glacier. ...。

amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/browse。

A thick mass of ice resulting from compacted snow that forms when more snow accumulates than melts annually.。

interactive2.usgs.gov/learningweb/textonly/teachers/volcanoes_guide_glossary.htm。

A large mass of snow and ice moving along Earth's surface.。

www.mdk12.org/instruction/curriculum/science/glossary.shtml。

a body of ice, consisting largely of recrystalized snow, that shows evidence of downslide movement due to its own weight.。

www.sd5.k12.mt.us/glaciereft/geogloss.htm。

a body of moving ice, usually at least 100 feet thick so that the ice crystals on the bottom deform to effect movement.。

www.tc.umn.edu/~smith213/Glossary%20GP.htm。

is a body of ice showing evidence of movement as reported by the presence of ice flowline, crevasses, and recent geologic evidence. Glaciers exist where, over a period of years, snow remains after summer's end.。

www.ux1.eiu.edu/~cfjps/1300/glacialterms.html。

Shown on the map by a white background (ice) and blue contour lines. One glacier is labeled in red, but six other glaciers or partial glaciers also appear on this map. These are all examples of cirque glaciers.。

www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/lemke/alpine_glacial_glossary/more_examples/mt_abbot_ca.html。

A mass of slow-moving ice formed from accumulated snowfalls.。

www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~kpt/terraquest/va/guidebook/glossary/glossary.html。

A large mass of ice formed, at least in part, on land by the compaction and recrystallization of snow, moving slowly down slope or outward in all directions due to the stress of its own weight and surviving from year to year. The term "glacier" is usually, though not exclusively, confined to ice bodies that are constrained by valleys. Ice bodies that are continental in scale are usually called "ice sheets".。

www.abheritage.ca/abnature/glossary.htm。

Bodies of ice and compacted snow. Glaciers are formed with the termperature is too cold to allow accumulating snow to melt. The snow compacts and eventually the snow crystals change into granular ice crystals called firn. As the firn becomes buried under more accumulating snow, it changes into solid ice. The changes takes years to accomplish. There are two categories of glaciers: Alpine (which form on mountainsides) or ice sheets (which form on flat land). ...。

www.educationoasis.com/curriculum/Social_Studies/geo/geography_terms.htm。

a huge mass of ice and snow which moves extremely slowly (inches per year); able to scrape off and move large amounts of earth.。

www.wheatonparkdistrict.com/recreation/fourth/glossary.html。

A mass of ice with definite lateral limits, with motion in a definite direction, and originating from the compacting of snow by pressure.。

www.lpi.usra.edu/publications/slidesets/stones/glossary.shtml。

A large mass of ice which persists throughout the year, and moves slowly downslope in a liquid manor by it's own weight. Glaciers are formed in areas where the winter snow doesn't have a chance to melt, and consecutive snowfalls accumulate and compress into ice.。

www.world-waterfalls.com/glossary.php。

hail:

acclaim: praise vociferously; "The critics hailed the young pianist as a new Rubinstein" 。

be a native of; "She hails from Kalamazoo" 。

call for; "hail a cab" 。

greet enthusiastically or joyfully 。

precipitation of ice pellets when there are strong rising air currents 。

enthusiastic greeting 。

precipitate as small ice particles; "It hailed for an hour" 。

wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn。

Hail is a type of graupel (a form of precipitation) composed of balls or irregular lumps of ice. It occurs when supercooled water droplets (remaining in a liquid state despite being below the freezing point, 0 °C/32 °F) in a storm cloud aggregates around some solid object, such as a dust particle or an already-forming hailstone. The water then freezes around the object. ...。

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hail。

showery precipitation in the form of irregular pellets or balls of ice more than 5 mm in diameter, falling from a cumulonimbus cloud.。

www.geog.ubc.ca/courses/g102/Resources/G102Glossary.html。

precipitation composed of chunks of ice that form atop cumulonimbus clouds and fall as soon as they become too heavy for the cloud updrafts to hold.。

www.flowmeterdirectory.com/meteorology_terms.html。

Precipitation in the form of transparent or partially opaque balls or irregular lumps of concentric ice. Hail is normally defined as having a diameter of 5 millimeters or more and is produced by thunderstorms.。

www.weca.org/nws-terms.html。

A call to another vessel. Harbor - A safe, protected anchorage for docking and loading. Hatch - An opening in the deck, providing access to the space below. Head - This word is used in many ways in boating, the most important to those on board being "toilet." Heading - The compass direction in which a vessel is pointed at any given moment. Head sea - Waves coming from the direction in which a vessel is heading. Helm - Where the steering wheel is located. ...。

www.searay.com/boating_glossary.asp。

Precipitation in the form of hard pellets of ice which fall from cumulo-nimbus clouds and are often associated with thunderstorms.。

www.aeroplanemonthly.com/glossary/glossary_H.htm。

Precipitation composed of balls or irregular lumps of ice with diameters between 5 and 50 mm.。

www.telemet.com/weather_gloss_h.htm。

Pieces of hard, solid ice falling from clouds.。

www.bbc.co.uk/weather/weatherwise/glossary/h.shtml。

Precipitation in the form of balls or irregular lumps of ice, always produced by convective clouds, nearly always cumulonimbus. An individual unit of hail is called a hailstone. By convention, hail has a diameter of 5 mm or more, while smaller particles of similar origin, formerly called small hail, may be classed as either ice pellets or snow pellets. ...。

amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/browse。

Precipitation in the form of balls or clumps of ice, produced by thunderstorms. Severe storms with intense updrafts are the most likely large hail producers.。

www.srh.noaa.gov/ffc/html/spotglos.shtml。

Precipitation in the forms of lumps of ice that occur with some thunderstorms.。

www.cookcountysheriff.com/ema/glossary.html。

a frozen form of precipitation in which droplets reach the ground still frozen as ice. Individual droplets, or hailstones, can range in size from a grain of sand to a large cobble.。

www.naturalhazards.org/glossary/。

A type of frozen precipitation formed when rain droplets are lofted high into the atmosphere by strong updrafts repeatedly, adding new layers of ice with each up-and-down trip, until it is finally heavy enough to fall to the ground. Hail accompanies strong thunderstorms and is usually a summertime phenomenon.。

wilstar.com/skywatch_glossary.htm。

Balls of ice ranging in size from tiny peas to larger than orange size。

australiasevereweather.com/photography/define2.htm。

millimetric or larger precipitation particle of ice, formed by the accretion of ice crystals and rapidly freezing supercooled water droplets.。

www.advancedforecasting.com/weathereducation/weatherglossary.html。

to call to another ship.。

www.lib.mq.edu.au/all/journeys/ships/glossary.html。

Pieces of ice that sometimes form in high clouds。

www.rcn27.dial.pipex.com/cloudsrus/glossary.html。

Precipitation in the form of nearly spherical or jagged chunks of ice; often characterized by internal concentric layering. Hail is associated with thunderstorm cells that have strong updrafts and relatively great moisture content.。

www.ametsoc.org/amsedu/WES/glossary.html。

precipitation in the form of hard pellets of ice or hard snow.。

www.wef.org/publicinfo/NewsRoom/wastewater_glossaryK-2.jhtml。

Precipitation in the form of circular or irregular-shaped lumps of ice.。

weather.ncbuy.com/glossary.html。

ice balls that are formed by rain that is thrown by air currents back up into a thundercloud, were a layer of ice forms around it. Hail can make several trips back up into a cloud, were it is covered with another level of ice each time.。

library.thinkquest.org/3805/glossary/gloss.htm。

opaque balls of ice, almost always spherical. Hail occurs in all provinces, but most frequently in Saskatchewan and Alberta, where some areas can get as many as 10 storms a year.。

members.tripod.com/~MitchellBrown/almanac/weather_glossary.html。

Rain that has been frozen many times on its way to the ground, creating a lumpy ball of ice.。

weathereye.kgan.com/cadet/disaster/glossary.html。

To attempt to contact another boat or shore, either by voice or radio.。

www.terrax.org/sailing/glossary/gh.aspx。

is precipitation of small balls or pieces of ice (hailstones) with a diameter ranging from 5 to 50 mm (1/2 to 2 inches) or sometimes more, falling either separately or fused into irregular lumps. Hailstones are composed, almost exclusively of transparent ice, or a series of transparent ice at least 1 mm (1/25 in.) in thickness, alternating with translucent layers. Hail is generally observed during heavy thunderstorms.。

www.mid-c.com/manmar/Definiti.htm。

Balls of ice that grow in thunderstorm updrafts.。

www.carlwozniak.com/clouds/glossary.html。

84% pecent of glaciers have drawn back over the past 50 years in response to a warmer climate.

Mount Everest, mountain peak in the Himalayas of southern Asia, considered the highest mountain in the world. Mount Everest is situated at the edge of the Tibetan Plateau (Qing Zang Gaoyuan), on the border of Nepal and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. 。

Mount Everest was known as Peak XV until 1856, when it was named for Sir George Everest, the surveyor general of India from 1830 to 1843. The naming coincided with an official announcement of the mountain's height, taken as the average of six separate measurements made by the Great Trigonometrical Survey in 1850. Most Nepali people refer to the mountain as Sagarmatha, meaning “Forehead in the Sky.” Speakers of Tibetan languages, including the Sherpa people of northern Nepal, refer to the mountain as Chomolungma, Tibetan for “Goddess Mother of the World.”

The height of Mount Everest has been determined to be 8,850 m (29,035 ft). The mountain’s actual height, and the claim that Everest is the highest mountain in the world, have long been disputed. But scientific surveys completed in the early 1990s continued to support evidence that Everest is the highest mountain in the world. In fact, the mountain is rising a few millimeters each year due to geological forces. Global Positioning System (GPS) has been installed on Mount Everest for the purpose of detecting slight rates of geological uplift. 。

Mount Everest, like the rest of the Himalayas, rose from the floor of the ancient Tethys Sea. The range was created when the Eurasian continental plate collided with the Indian subcontinental plate about 30 to 50 million years ago. Eventually the marine limestone was forced upward to become the characteristic yellow band on the top of Mount Everest. Beneath the shallow marine rock lies the highly metamorphosed black gneiss (foliated, or layered, rock) of Precambrian time, a remnant of the original continental plates that collided and forced up the Himalayas. 。

Mount Everest is covered with huge glaciers that descend from the main peak and its nearby satellite peaks. The mountain itself is a pyramid-shaped horn, sculpted by the erosive power of the glacial ice into three massive faces and three major ridges, which soar to the summit from the north, south, and west and separate the glaciers. From the south side of the mountain, in a clockwise direction, the main glaciers are the Khumbu glacier, which flows northeast before turning southwest; the West Rongbuk glacier in the northwest; the Rongbuk glacier in the north; the East Rongbuk glacier in the northeast; and the Kangshung glacier in the east. 。

The climate of Mount Everest is naturally extreme. In January, the coldest month, the summit temperature averages -36° C (-33° F) and can drop as low as -60° C (-76° F). In July, the warmest month, the average summit temperature is -19° C (-2° F). At no time of the year does the temperature on the summit rise above freezing. In winter and spring the prevailing westerly wind blows against the peak and around the summit. Moisture-laden air rises from the south slopes of the Himalayas and condenses into a white, pennant-shaped cloud pointing east; this “flag cloud” sometimes enables climbers to predict storms. When the wind reaches 80 km/h (50 mph), the flag cloud is at a right angle to the peak. When the wind is weaker, the cloud tilts up; when it is stronger, the flag tilts down. 。

From June through September the mountain is in the grip of the Indian monsoon, during which wind and precipitation blow in from the Indian Ocean. Masses of clouds and violent snowstorms are common during this time. From November to February, in the dead of winter, the global southwest-flowing jet stream moves in from the north, beating the summit with winds of hurricane force that may reach more than 285 km/h (177 mph). Even during the pre- and post-monsoon climbing seasons, strong winds may arise suddenly. When such storms develop, sand and small stones carried aloft, as well as beating snow and ice, pose problems for climbers. 。

Precipitation falls mostly during the monsoon season, while winter storms between December and March account for the rest. Unexpected storms, however, can drop up to 3 m (10 ft) of snow on unsuspecting climbers and mountain hikers. 。

Base Camp, which serves as a resting area and base of operations for climbers organizing their attempts for the summit, is located on the Khumbu glacier at an elevation of 5,400 m (17,600 ft); it receives an average of 450 mm (18 in) of precipitation a year. 。

Traditionally, the people who live near Mount Everest have revered the mountains of the Himalayas and imagined them as the homes of the gods. Because the peaks were considered sacred, no local people scaled them before the early 1900s. However, when foreign expeditions brought tourist dollars and Western ideas to the area, people of the Sherpa ethnic group began to serve as high-altitude porters for them. Because Nepal had been closed to foreigners since the early 1800s, all pre-World War II (1939-1945) Everest expeditions were forced to recruit Sherpa porters from Dārjiling (Darjeeling), India, then circle through Tibet and approach Everest from the north. 。

In 1913 British explorer John Noel sneaked into Tibet, which was also closed at the time, and made a preliminary survey of the mountain’s northern approaches, where the topography is less varied than on the southern side. In 1921 the British began a major exploration of the north side of the mountain, led by George Leigh Mallory. Mallory’s expedition, and another that took place soon afterward, were unable to overcome strong winds, avalanches, and other hazards to reach the summit. In 1924 a third British expedition resulted in the disappearance of Mallory and a climbing companion only 240 m (800 ft) from the summit. More attempts were made throughout the 1930s and into the 1940s. Then, with the conquest of Tibet by China in the early 1950s, the region was closed to foreigners again and the northern approaches to the mountain were sealed off. 。

In 1950, the year after Nepal opened to foreigners, W. H. Tilman and C. Houston made the first ascent from the south and became the first people to see into the Khumbu cirque (a steep basin at the head of a mountain valley). A number of attempts to reach the mountain’s summit followed in the early 1950s. In 1952 the Swiss almost succeeded in climbing the mountain from the South Col, which is a major pass between the Everest and Lhotse peaks and is now the most popular climbing route to the summit. On May 29, 1953, under the tenth British expedition flag and the leadership of John Hunt, Edmund Hillary of New Zealand and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay of Nepal successfully completed the first ascent of Mount Everest via the South Col. Several expeditions have since followed. In 1975 Junko Tabei of Japan became the first woman to summit Mount Everest. Later, in 1978, Austrians Reinhold Messner and Peter Habeler established a new and rigorous standard by climbing to the summit without the use of supplemental oxygen, which, because of the thin air at Everest’s high altitude, is important for the energy, health, and thinking skills of the climbers. In 1991 Sherpas, who had carried the supplies for so many foreigners up Mount Everest, completed their own successful expedition to the summit. By the mid-1990s, 4,000 people had attempted to climb Everest—660 of them successfully reached the summit and more than 140 of them died trying. 。

The difficulties of climbing Mount Everest are legendary. Massive snow and ice avalanches are a constant threat to all expeditions. The avalanches thunder off the peaks repeatedly, sometimes burying valleys, glaciers, and climbing routes. Camps are chosen to avoid known avalanche paths, and climbers who make ascents through avalanche terrain try to cross at times when the weather is most appropriate. Hurricane-force winds are a well-known hazard on Everest, and many people have been endangered or killed when their tents collapsed or were ripped to shreds by the gales. Hypothermia, the dramatic loss of body heat, is also a major and debilitating problem in this region of high winds and low temperatures. 。

Tenzing Norgay on the Summit of Everest 。

Tenzing Norgay on the Summit of Everest 。

This photograph, taken by Edmund Hillary, shows Tenzing Norgay on the summit of Mount Everest. The two men became the first people to scale the summit of the mountain, the highest in the world, on May 29, 1953. 。

Encarta Encyclopedia 。

Archive Photos 。

Full Size

Another hazard facing Everest climbers is the famous Khumbu icefall, which is located not far above Base Camp and is caused by the rapid movement of the Khumbu glacier over the steep rock underneath. The movement breaks the ice into sérac (large, pointed masses of ice) cliffs and columns separated by huge crevasses, and causes repeated icefalls across the route between Base Camp and Camp I. Many people have died in this area. Exposed crevasses may be easy to avoid, but those buried under snow can form treacherous snow bridges through which unwary climbers can fall. 。

The standard climb of Mount Everest from the south side ascends the Khumbu glacier to Base Camp at 5,400 m (17,600 ft). Typical expeditions use four camps above Base Camp; these camps give the climbers an opportunity to rest and acclimate (adapt) to the high altitude. The route from Base Camp through the great Khumbu icefall up to Camp I at 5,900 m (19,500 ft) is difficult and dangerous; it usually takes one to three weeks to establish because supplies must be carried up the mountain in several separate trips. Once Camp II, at 6,500 m (21,300 ft), has been supplied in the same manner using both Base Camp and Camp I as bases, climbers typically break down Base Camp and make the trek from there to Camp II in one continuous effort. Once acclimatized, the climbers can make the move to Camp II in five to six hours. Camp III is then established near the cirque of the Khumbu glacier at 7,300 m (24,000 ft). The route up the cirque headwall from Camp III to the South Col and Camp IV at 7,900 m (26,000 ft) is highly strenuous and takes about four to eight hours. The South Col is a cold, windy, and desolate place of rocks, snow slabs, littered empty oxygen bottles, and other trash. 。

Deadly Day on Mount Everest 。

Deadly Day on Mount Everest 。

In May 1996 a chain of amateur climbers and professional guides wait their turn to ascend the Hillary Step, a rock face, 12-m (40-ft) tall, (center) just 30 m (100 ft) below the summit of Mount Everest. This photograph was taken by guide Scott Fischer on what became one of the deadliest days ever on Mount Everest. Fischer and several other climbers perished just hours later when a sudden, severe storm trapped several climbing parties high on the mountain. In all, 12 climbers died. Some survivors and other observers believe that the tragedy was due in part to crowded summit conditions—there were simply too many climbers, especially less-experienced climbers, trying to summit Mount Everest at the same time. 。

Encarta Encyclopedia 。

Scott Fischer/Woodfin Camp and Associates, Inc. 。

Full Size

From the South Col to the summit is a climb of only 900 vertical m (3,000 vertical ft), although its fierce exposure to adverse weather and steep drop-offs poses many challenges. The section between 8,530 m (28,000 ft) and the South Summit at 8,750 m (28,700 ft) is particularly treacherous because of the steepness and unstable snow. From the South Summit there remains another 90 vertical m (300 vertical ft) along a terrifying knife-edged ridge. The exposure is extreme, with the possibility of huge vertical drops into Tibet on the right and down the southwest face on the left. A little more than 30 vertical m (100 vertical ft) from the summit is a 12-m (40-ft) chimney across a rock cliff known as the Hillary Step; this is one of the greatest technical challenges of the climb. 。

As the popularity of climbing Everest has increased in recent years, so have safety problems. To pay the high climbing permit fee charged by the Nepalese government, many experienced climbers have recruited wealthy, amateur climbers as teammates. The combination of inexperience, crowded summit conditions (more than 30 have been known to summit the peak on the same day), and extreme weather conditions has led to a number of tragedies in which clients and competent guides alike have died attempting the climb. 。

The large number of trekkers and climbers who visit Nepal and the Everest region contribute to the local economy but also cause serious environmental impact. Such impact includes the burning of wood for fuel, pollution in the form of human waste and trash, and abandoned climbing gear. Although some climbing gear is recycled by local residents either for their own use or for resale, it is estimated that more than 50 tons of plastic, glass, and metal were dumped between 1953 and the mid-1990s in what has been called “the world’s highest junkyard.” Up on the ice, where few local people go, the norm is to throw trash into the many crevasses, where it is ground up and consumed by the action of the ice. A few bits and pieces show up on the lower part of the glacier many years later as they are churned back to the surface, although organic matter is generally consumed or scavenged by local wildlife. At the high-elevation camps, used oxygen bottles are strewn everywhere. 。

Efforts have been made to reduce the negative environmental impact on Mount Everest. The Nepalese government has been using a portion of climbing fees to clean up the area. In 1976, with aid from Sir Edmund Hillary’s Himalayan Trust and the Nepalese government, the Sagarmatha National Park was established to preserve the remaining soil and forest around Mount Everest. By the mid-1990s the park comprised 1,240 sq km (480 sq mi). Trekking and climbing groups must bring their own fuel to the park (usually butane and kerosene), and the cutting of wood is now prohibited. Because the freedoms of Sherpas have been restricted by the park rules, they have not been sympathetic to the existence of the park. Additionally, the Sagarmatha Pollution Control, funded by the World Wildlife Fund and the Himalayan Trust, was established in 1991 to help preserve Everest’s environment. Climbing activity continues to increase, however, and the environmental future of the Mount Everest area remains uncertain.。

参考资料：摘自 microsoft student 2007。

环境新闻 英文

由于气候变暖，在过去的50年内有84%的冰川面积发生了减小。

用英语写作文了解一个国家

1 By Yang Guang Updated: 2009-09-15 07:59。

India's Mahatma Gandhi once said, "You must be the change you wish to see in the world." And that, says Shi Yan, is the inspiration behind the 5.3-hectare Dondon Farm in Beijing's northwest - China's first Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) farm.。

Shi, pursuing her doctorate studies at the School of Agriculture Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China, traces the beginnings of the CSA story to her half-year stint as a farmer in the United States.。

In April last year, on the advice of her research advisor and with the help of the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy, Shi took up the opportunity to work as an intern on the Earthrise Farm in Minnesota to learn how a CSA farm is operated.。

An urban girl from a well-off family in Hebei province, Shi calls her experience as one of a "foreigner sent to the countryside," a reference to the "reeducation" of youth during the "cultural revolution" (1966-76).。

"I chose to study agricultural economics and rural development because I wanted to do something substantial and down-to-earth," Shi says, "but I had neither lived in the countryside nor had I done any farming".。

In the beginning, Shi was indeed a little hesitant, especially when she learned a team of five would have to manage all the work on the 5.3 hectares of land.。

But the moment she landed at the farm in Minnesota on April 18 last year, Shi made a promise to herself.。

"From now on, I will discard my petty-bourgeois lifestyle and prepare to get my hands dirty."。

And she did, throwing herself enthusiastically into all aspects of running a CSA farm - sowing seeds, watering, weeding and harvesting, cleaning produce, and doing packaging and delivery.。

Weeding, she recalls, was the most arduous of all these tasks. Weeds were rampant because no chemical herbicides were used, says Shi. Crouching in the scorching sun and pulling out the endless weeds one by one, Shi says that sometimes felt "disheartened and discouraged".。

On June 18, 2008, the Madison-based The Western Guard published a full-page article on Shi's life at Earthrise Farm.。

"A slight girl from Beijing, China, has a very ambitious goal - to return to her home and start the first CSA farm in China. She has already broken one tradition - as she is the first graduate student to come to the US not to study at a university but to be a farmer," it said.。

When Shi returned to China in October last year, she began to mull ways to adapt CSA to the Chinese situation.。

"Land in China is managed on the basis of a household contract system. The produce from the land of one household can only support one or two families. Therefore, it would not do to experiment with CSA in individual households," Shi says.。

"Besides, Chinese people don't tend to spend much on food consumption, but the low productivity of organic farming, especially in the beginning, typically leads to higher prices and could create sales problems."。

She turned her attention to Dondon farm, a production, teaching and research base developed jointly by the Haidian district government, Renmin University and Beijing Hongda Borui Investment (Group) Co Ltd, that began operating in April 2008 but was fumbling.。

CSA first emerged in Germany, Switzerland and Japan in the early 1960s and took root in the United States in the 1980s, in response to rising concerns about food safety, the impact on the environment, urbanization of arable land and fairness of trade between consumers and growers.。

Its defining characteristic is its cohesive community of consumers. Before each planting season, community members sign a contract with farmers, sharing benefits and risks with them, and paying in advance for the produce of that season.。

The advantages of CSA are manifold: Farmers are provided with adequate cash flow and relieved of sale pressures; community members are ensured healthy produce at a reasonable price; agriculture is sustained and the environment protected because little pollution is generated by organic food production.。

Each farm has what are called "working share subscribers" and "non-working share subscribers".。

Each working share subscriber is responsible for all the labor in his allocated 30-sq-m plot, for which he pays 1,000 yuan ($146) in annual rent.。

The seeds, organic fertilizers, farming tools, water and required technical support are all provided by the farm.。

The non-working share subscribers enjoy a 20-week (between June and October) supply of organic vegetables of about 10 kg per week, for a capital input of 2,500 yuan ($366).。

Whatever produce is left after meeting this is made available to the working subscribers.。

By April this year, Dondon farm had 17 work-share subscribers and 30 non-work subscribers.。

Lu Yarong, a working share subscriber, started farming in early May in her plot called guazuo douyou - literally "melon on the left and bean on the right" - and harvested the first batch of vegetables just two weeks later.。

Every Saturday, Liu Bingheng, Lu's 4-year-old son, badgers his parents to get to work, because "the cucumbers we grow ourselves are especially sweet".。

On a usual day, after working for three hours from 9 am to noon, the Lu family can take home 5 kg to 7 kg of freshly picked vegetables, ranging from cucumbers, tomatoes and eggplants to beans, peppers, and radishes.。

Lu, herself a lecturer in Agriculture Economics at Renmin University, points out that the CSA farm gives full play to the multiple functions of agriculture.。

"It provides consumers with green and healthy vegetables and that's agriculture's economic function; it's a place for urban residents to relax and labor and that's agriculture's cultural function; it further offers children like my son the opportunity to get to know about farming and that's agriculture's educational function," Lu says.。

Besides five managers and 12 farmers, Dondon farm also has a dozen committed interns.。

"The half-year intern program began in April. Some are college students interested in agriculture, while some have resigned from their regular jobs to learn about organic agriculture," says Huang Zhiyou, executive manager of Dondon Farm.。

Lei Peng, a 23-year-old postgraduate student, interns here during his summer vacation. Except for Tuesday and Thursday afternoons, when he joins the other interns for lectures and discussions, Lei works two sessions every day - 8 to 11 in the morning, and 3 to 6 in the afternoon.。

"I grew up in the countryside, so I have a strong emotional connection to the Earth and farming. What I've learned and done on the farm will help me in my further studies in Agriculture Economics," says Lei.。

However, CSA in China is still at an experimental stage. Even at Dondon, there remain issues that require urgent attention.。

Cheng Cunwang, a supervisor, says: "We need to provide working share subscribers with at least sunshades and seats. We also need to figure out better ways to preserve the easy-to-rot leafy vegetables, since we have already received complaints from non-working share subscribers."。

Some people dismiss CSA, saying it is too small-scale to emerge as a viable alternative to mass food production.。

But Shi and her fellow supporters point out that CSA gives growers security, ensures food safety and promotes fair trade between the two.。

"Through CSA and Dondon Farm, we want to establish a harmonious relationship between man and man, and man and earth," she says.。

Warming threatens aquatic resourcesBy Li Jing 。

Updated: 2009-09-14 07:37。

Global warming might endanger aquatic life in the source regions of the Yangtze River, a recent research report on fishery resources found.。

Although the ecological environment and fish resources remain in good condition at the source regions of the Yangtze, a group of leading Chinese scientists on aquatic animals found that global warming has forced some fish species upstream, which can have damaging implications.。

The Yangtze, the country's longest river, originates from glaciers at the foot of Mount Geladandong on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Qinghai province.。

Extending over some 159,000 sq km, the Yangtze sources comprise Tuotuo, Dangqu and Qumar rivers. The average altitude is between 4,400 m and 4,700 m.。

Near the Tuotuo River Bridge, the research team caught several Bilobed-lip schizothoracins, with the largest weighing more than 750 grams, which historically have not been found in that area.。

It is a stark contrast with other fish species, which usually measure only about 10 cm, living in the Yangtze sources "These small fish are endemic species on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau," said Tang Wenjia, an engineer with the Qinghai Provincial Fishery Environmental Monitoring Center.。

"As an adaptation to the extreme weather conditions and high altitude here, they grow at a very slow pace, only about 1 cm per year," he said.。

The larger Bilobed-lip schizothoracin originally lived in Jinshan River on the upper reaches of the Yangtze, according to Chen Yifeng, a researcher with the Institute of Hydro Biology (IHB) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).。

"Usually, this species is rarely seen at an altitude higher than 4,000 m," Chen said. "Perhaps it is the rising water temperature incurred by global warming that has forced them here."。

The research team caught another batch of Bilobed-lip schizothoracins in Qumalai county in southwestern Qinghai province. Most weighed more than 500 g.。

"This means the species has already moved upstream in a relatively large quantity," Chen said.。

Hard-hit plateau。

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is among the regions hit hardest by global warming, which will have direct and long-term effects on the aquatic animals living in this area, said Wang Ding, a veteran expert from IHB.。

Statistics show that the temperature in the Tibet autonomous region rose by an average of 0.32 C every 10 years between 1961 and 2008.。

That rate of warming was much faster than the average across China, where temperatures rose by between 0.05 C and 0.08 C every 10 years during that period.。

The situation is similar in neighboring Qinghai province.。

The rising temperatures have led to the continuous melting of glaciers, scientists have found.。

After the Arctic and Antarctic, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has the third-largest number of glaciers.。

But 82 percent of glacier surfaces on the plateau have retreated, and the glacier area itself has decreased by 4.5 percent during the past 20 years, according to Qin Dahe from CAS.。

Qin is the former head of the China Meteorological Administration, and he is former co-chair of a working group for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.。

"Due to global warming, glaciers on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are retreating extensively at a speed faster than in any other part of the world," Qin said.。

"In the short term, this will cause lakes to expand and bring floods and mudflows," Qin said.。

Another threat from warming is the degradation of permafrost, or perennially frozen ground, Qin said.。

"Permafrost plays a vital role in protecting the ecological environment and hydrological cycles. But it has been breaking down during the past 50 years," Qin said.。

All these events could mean catastrophic changes for the aquatic animals in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, as they are very fragile to any slight alteration of habitats, according to Chen of IHB.。

Upsetting the balance。

"Changes of topography and river directions are common in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau," Chen said.。

"But the wetland degradation as a result of warming may threaten the fate of aquatic life," he said.。

Introducing new species forced upstream also might lead to upsetting the ecological balance in the river sources.。

"The result is still hard to predict at the moment," Chen said.。

The survey was jointly conducted by the World Wildlife Fund, IHB, Yangtze River Fishery Resources Management Committee and the Qinghai Provincial Fishery Environment Monitoring Center.。

This is the first time that Chinese scientists have conducted a thorough survey of fish resources in the source regions of the Yangtze, said Wang Limin, deputy conservation director of the World Wildlife Fund.。

"This survey will help to give us a panoramic view of the fishery resources in the source regions of the Yangtze, and help us understand the impact of climate change on aquatic life in the river," Wang said.。

"The Yangtze River is facing different challenges posed by global warming at different river sections," she said. "Knowing what is happening in the source regions will help us better mitigate and adapt to the changes."。

Robust growth through purified waterBy Yang Cheng 。

Updated: 2009-09-11 08:13。

To be in Haidian is to be better positioned for the world.。

- Slogan for the Zhongguancun Haidian Science Park。

The saying reflects a common dream of ambitious entrepreneurs at the park - to join the ranks of internationally competitive hi-tech companies that are revolutionizing business in almost all sectors. Some might even dream of changing the world.。

Wen Jianping, chairman of Beijing OriginWater Technology Co Ltd, is one of park's promising trailblazers who has developed a visionary product.。

He has built the company into one of only three in the world that can make state-of-the-art membrane bioreactors to purify water.。

Wen chose Zhongguancun for his base at the company's startup after earning his PhD in Australia in 2001,。

"It (Zhongguancun Haidian Science Park) is a land to realize my dream. For people who hope to industrialize their technology, they need a strong cultural atmosphere and a broad international horizon."。

More often simply called Haidian park, it one of the nation's first "core" independent innovation sites, and a place Wen says was ideal for his enterprise to evolve.。

Haidian park is the leading area in the larger Zhongguancun Science Park, which was one of the first national innovation "model" parks. It has five parks under its administration.。

Haidian park's national status shows it has great backing and strength.。

"It has a top policy environment and tailored services for enterprises," Wen said.。

What impresses him most is "the administrative committee's sincere support for enterprises exploring their markets".。

From his perspective, preferential policies supply "nourishment", but real support at the park comes through assistance in acquiring more business, often in an intensely competitive environment with foreign counterparts.。

The Beijing municipal government began a program this year to purchase independently innovative products from Zhongguancun park on trial basis. Most of the products were born at Haidian park.。

The approach has given hi-tech companies more opportunities along with recognition of independent property rights and research. The municipal procurement plan also helps shoulder some of the park administration's risk.。

Wen and other entrepreneurs laud the move. He was delighted that OriginWater won the bid on a 60 million yuan water treatment plant on the Beixiaohe River north of the fourth ring road in Beijing. He said the company can help the government save hefty funds and create a much cleaner water environment in China's capital city.。

The first phase of project was built by German engineering giant Siemens, one of OriginWater's top rivals.。

Another opportunity came through a visit by Wen and some 30 company delegates to Wuxi in Jiangsu province last year led by the park's administrative committee.。

The Wuxi city government found Wen's water treatment technology would improve its water environment and inked a project with OriginWater.。

"Before the official trip, we had tried very hard to knock down the doors of local authorities - but generally they didn't believe in my technology," he said.。

The chairman said he is not only a beneficiary, but also a real witness to Zhongguancun's rapid development.。

Wen has seen enterprises "evolve from small to giant, from strength to strength, and their vision became much broader".。

"The industrial structure has been upgraded," Wen said. "In its early days, the park was a concentration of IT enterprises, but it has now developed a complete industrial mix including new energy, environmental and cultural companies," Wen noted.。

Rapid development。

Eight years ago Wen set up his company in Zhongguancun with a registered capital of 2 million yuan, which has now grown to 110 million yuan. The company's net profits hit 70 million yuan last year, and driven by follow-on income from projects associated with 2008 Olympics Games, is expected to exceed 80 million yuan for 2009。

OriginWater now has 60 percent of the market for such water purification equipment in China. Its main rivals are Siemens and a subsidiary of Dow Chemical Co, which have exported their technologies to the Chinese market for decades.。

OriginWater has won a number of accolades including as National Innovation Enterprise, the 2006 and 2007 Excellent Environment Engineering Company and named to Forbes magazine's list of China "Up and Comers" in 2009.。

Its projects include the water treatment system for the National Center for the Performing Arts and an important Olympic infrastructure project that brought water from the Wenyu River to the Chaobai River in Beijing.。

The project is now the world's largest facility using membrane bioreactors to treat 100,000 tons of water daily, significantly improving the city's water quality, scenic setting and underground water.。

OriginWater also built the nation's first membrane bioreactor wastewater treatment facility, in Miyun county in Beijing, which can handle 45,000 tons of effluent a day.。

It is planning to build a 14,000-sq-m R&D lab at the Life Science Park in Zhongguancun expected to go into operation next August.。

It also has a 55,000-sq-m fabrication facility in Huairou county that required an investment of 500 million yuan.。

Wen said his company's bottleneck now is its current production scale, which if it can be expanded at faster pace, will enable the company to extend its reach further, and then overseas.。

The chairman has been able to attract many top professionals who were laid of by rival international companies due to the global financial crisis.。

In the company's early years, Wen did extensive research as part of a plan to take OrginWater public on an overseas market.。

He still has the data and plan and hopes to list the company on Growth Enterprise Board in Shenzhen.。

Wen was invited to this year's Davos Forum, but cannot attend due to work commitments. Market insiders say he often keeps low profile and is dedicated to his company's progress.。

够吗？

暮色之城里面第一首插曲叫什么

1. 写你认识的一个国家50字英语作文 China is my motherland. It lies in the eat of Asia. Beijing is the capital of China.。

China's population is more than 1.3 billion. The population in the east is much bigger than in the west. The weather in China is wetter and warmer in the south and drier and colder in the north.。

China has a long history, and there are a lot of places of interest in China, such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the West Lake and so on.。

In the last enty years, great changes have taken place in my motherland. I am sure China's tomorrow will be much better. I love China!。

2. 一篇介绍一个国家的英语作文 In land area, Australia is the sixth largest nation after Russia, Canada, China, the United States of America and Brazil. It has, however, a relatively *** all population. Australia is the only nation to govern an entire continent and its outlying islands. The mainland is the largest island and the *** allest, flattest continent on Earth. It lies beeen 10° and 39° South latitude. Australia is the driest inhabited continent on earth. Its interior has one of the lowest rainfalls in the world and about three-quarters of the land is arid or semi-arid. Its fertile areas are well-watered, however, and these are used very effectively to help feed the world. Sheep and cattle graze in dry country, but care must be taken with the soil. Some grazing land became desert when the long cycles that influence rainfall in Australia turned to drought. Australia has a remarkable diversity of life forms seen nowhere else in the world. Australian plants and animals evolved in isolation from other parts of the world. When the super-continent of Gondw *** and split up about 160 million years ago, Australia joined Antarctica and drifted towards the South Pole, where glaciers formed a barrier beeen it and other land masses. As the world climate warmed and glaciers melted, oceans gradually rose to their current level and the land bridges to New Guinea and Ta *** ania were cut. Corals colonised a flooded coastal plain, forming the Great Barrier Reef of Queensland. Pressure on native habitats from agriculture and introduced pests like the fox and rabbit have resulted in extinctions of some native species in the past 200 years. Australia now has a strong scientific and legal framework to deal with these issues. Australians care about their unique environment.。

3. 英语作文写关于你对哪个国家的了解 we tried our best and won the first prize in the contest. Finally, she found the right clothes, she often devotes her spare time to helping others.。

Li yue is always warm-hearted and cares a lot about the class. Besides. Therefore, she deserves the honor and we should learn from hershe spent the whole afternoon searching and selecting . Deeply moved by her efforts . She has set a good example for us。

4. 介绍一个国家的英语作文50字的 chinaour country is china. it is where we live.look! this is a map of china . the u.s is east of china.the u.k. is west and a little north of china,and australia is south and east of china. china has many people. it has thirteen hundred million people. the capital city of china is beijing.beijing is very great and famous. it has tian'anmen square,the palace museum,the great wall and summer palace.they are all very famous. the flag of china is red. there are five yellow stars in it.what a great country!。

5. 介绍一个国家的英语作文六年级 您好：In land area,Australia is the sixth largest nation after Russia,Canada,China,the United States of America and Brazil.It has,however,a relatively *** all population.。

Australia is the only nation to govern an entire continent and its outlying islands.The mainland is the largest island and the *** allest,flattest continent on Earth.It lies beeen 10° and 39° South latitude.。

Australia is the driest inhabited continent on earth.Its interior has one of the lowest rainfalls in the world and about three-quarters of the land is arid or semi-arid.Its fertile areas are well-watered,however,and these are used very effectively to help feed the world.Sheep and cattle graze in dry country,but care must be taken with the soil.Some grazing land became desert when the long cycles that influence rainfall in Australia turned to drought.。

Australia has a remarkable diversity of life forms seen nowhere else in the world.Australian plants and animals evolved in isolation from other parts of the world.When the super-continent of Gondw *** and split up about 160 million years ago,Australia joined Antarctica and drifted towards the South Pole,where glaciers formed a barrier beeen it and other land masses.。

As the world climate warmed and glaciers melted,oceans gradually rose to their current level and the land bridges to New Guinea and Ta *** ania were cut.Corals colonised a flooded coastal plain,forming the Great Barrier Reef of Queensland.。

Pressure on native habitats from agriculture and introduced pests like the fox and rabbit have resulted in extinctions of some native species in the past 200 years.Australia now has a strong scientific and legal framework to deal with these issues.Australians care about their unique environment.。

希望对您的学习有帮助

【满意请采纳】O（∩_∩）O谢谢。

欢迎追问O（∩_∩）O~

祝学习进步~

6. 用英语介绍某一个国家的介绍 介绍南京的：

Nanjing is the capital of China's Jiangsu Province, and a city with a prominent place in Chinese history and culture. Nanjing (literally: 'Southern capital') served as the capital of China during several historical periods and is listed as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China. Nanjing was the capital of the Republic of China (ROC) before the Chinese Civil War. Nanjing is also one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China's administrative structure, enjoying jurisdictional and economic autonomy only slightly less than that of a province. 。

Located in the lower Yangtze River drainage basin and Yangtze River Delta economic zone, Nanjing has always been one of China's most important cities. Apart from having been the capital of China for six dynasties and of the Republic of China, Nanjing has also served as a national hub of education, research, transportation and touri *** throughout history. With an urban population of over five million, it is also the second largest mercial center in the East China region, after Shanghai. 。

7. 介绍一个国家英语作文,不少于40个词 Britain, the full name of The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the local British Isles northwest of mainland Europe, surrounded by the North Sea, English Channel, the Celtic Sea, the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.。

United Kingdom of Great Britain from the island of England, Wales and Scotland, northeast of the island of Ireland, Northern Ireland and a series of subsidiary islands together form an island nation in Western Europe. In addition to the local munity, it also has fourteen overseas territories, with a total population of over 64 million, with England national human subjects.。

Glorious Revolution of 1688 established the British monarchy, Britain is the world's first industrialized country, the first industrial revolution, the rapid growth of national power. 18th century to the early 20th century, the territory of British rule across all seven continents, is the world's most powerful nation, known as the sun does not empire.。

Britain is a highly developed capitalist countries. One of Europe's largest economy, its citizens have a higher standard of living and a good social security system. As one of the Commonwealth Heads of States, the EU, the Schengen Member States and the Group of Eight, a founding member of NATO, the United Kingdom but also the five permanent members of the UN Security Council。

8. 初一英语作文 介绍一个国家或城市 China is my favorite country. The number of people in china is 1300000000. China is very beautiful. The pollution is less then many years ago. There are many trees and flowers here. And the capital of china is Beijing. It's a famous city in the world. The 29th sport meeting was holding in Beijing. Many foreigners came to Beijing to watch the meeting. And they enjoyed themselves. They said Chinese gave them a big surprised.。

9. 写介绍国家的英语作文带翻译 Everybody knows that China is a very big country in the world .It has a long history .there are many interesting places here.such as the Great wall .the Summer palace and so on.so every year lots of people will e here to visit .and it will hold olympic in 2008.and it will bee more and more beautiful.。

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