football2020-80

为什么美国人把足球叫soccer而不是football？

I love football。

I like playing sports very much . My favorite sport is football，because I think it`s exciting and relaxing .I always play football every Morning with my classmates ，because they can make me a fit body.I have three footballs，they are my favourite things.I also watch them on TV.I want to be a successful football player and I will practice hard。How about you？

中文翻译：

                     我爱足球。

我非常喜欢运动。我最喜欢的运动是足球，因为我认为它非常刺激。我总是和我的同学在早上踢足球，因为他们能使我有一个健美的身体。我有三个足球，他们是我最喜欢的东西。我也经常在电视上看足球。我想成为一个成功的足球选手，我会更加努力。你呢？

I Love Football。

For each person campaign is very important. As the saying goes: Life is movement. For example on me, and I like movement from childhood and I often run, but I love playing soccer very much, untill today I played football for more than 10 years. I join the school team, although I'm very confident individual skills, but after a lot of market failure, I began to realize that football is a collective movement, we need to meet to obtain the final victory. Although some people think that playing soccer is to play football, but I understand it from a lot of life philosophy, really, I love football.。

译文

《我爱足球》

运动对于每个人来说很重要。俗话说：生命在于运动。就比如说我，我从小就喜欢运动，经常跑步，但是我最喜欢踢足球，就这样我踢了十几年足球。中学的时候我进了校队，虽然我对我的个人技术很有信心，但是经过很多场的失败，我开始意识到，足球是一个集体运动，需要大家配合才能取得最终的胜利。虽然有些人认为踢足球就是踢足球，但我从中却体会到了许多生活哲理，真的，我十分的热爱足球。

求【football】的英文演讲

在英语里，football可以指好几种群体球类运动，同时指所用的球，也可以作动词使用。具体说，它可以指美式足球/橄榄球（American football）、国际足联足球（association football）、澳式足球（Australian rules football; Aussie football）、加拿大式足球（Canadian football）、盖尔式足球（Gaelic football）及英式橄榄球（rugby football）。原则上讲，它具体指哪一种球类运动取决于说话者的身份。如果不加任何修饰词语，football指说话者所在地区最受欢迎的那一种。 国际足联是FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association)。 在其以英语为主要语言或官方语言的45个国家足协（national affliate）中，只有美国、加拿大和萨摩亚的足协在名称中使用soccer字样。而澳大利亚和新西兰足协都把名称用词改为了football。 下面在英语里，football可以指好几种群体球类运动，同时指所用的球，也可以作动词使用。具体说，它可以指美式足球/橄榄球（American football）、国际足联足球（association football）、澳式足球（Australian rules football; Aussie football）、加拿大式足球（Canadian football）、盖尔式足球（Gaelic football）及英式橄榄球（rugby football）。原则上讲，它具体指哪一种球类运动取决于说话者的身份。如果不加任何修饰词语，football指说话者所在地区最受欢迎的那一种。 国际足联是FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association)。 在其以英语为主要语言或官方语言的45个国家足协（national affliate）中，只有美国、加拿大和萨摩亚的足协在名称中使用soccer字样。而澳大利亚和新西兰足协都把名称用词改为了football。 下面分国别、地区加以说明： 在美国，如果不加修饰，football指美式橄榄球；而soccer用来指中国人熟知的那种国际足联足球。足球在美国不如橄榄球受欢迎，但也有相当多的球迷。在英国，football单独使用主要指国际足联足球，也有人用soccer。这一点需要注意，很多人都错误地认为英国人只用soccer来指足球。看水均益《高端访问》采访贝克汉姆（Beckham）时，小贝就用football一词来指他从事的运动。它也可以指其它的球类运动。在澳大利亚，football可以指四种球类运动，主要是指英式和澳式橄榄球。同样，这取决于地区、语言环境和文化因素。2004年前，一般用soccer指足球。但足协改名后，逐渐开始用football来指足球，而用其它方式指称类似球类运动。在加拿大，football指美式或者加拿大式足球/橄榄球。Soccer用来指足球。在加勒比地区的英语国家，football和soccer都用来指足球，但是前者更普遍。在爱尔兰，football可以指足球、英式橄榄球或者盖尔足球，语义取决于上下文。所以一般避免单独使用。在新西兰，football一般指橄榄球，而soccer指足球。由此可见在不同国家这两个词可能所指的是不同的运动，所以在不同的场合下还是要区别对待。

美国football的比赛规则

足球：

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players using a spherical ball. It is widely considered to be the most popular sport in the world.[1][2][3]。

The game is played on a rectangular grass or artificial turf field, with a goal in the centre of each of the short ends. The object of the game is to score by driving the ball into the opposing goal. In general play, the goalkeepers are the only players allowed to use their hands or arms to propel the ball; the rest of the team usually use their feet to kick the ball into position, occasionally using their torso or head to intercept a ball in midair. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is tied at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout, depending on the format of the competition.。

The modern game was codified in England following the formation of The Football Association, whose 1863 Laws of the Game created the foundations for the way the sport is played today. Football is governed internationally by the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (International Federation of Association Football), commonly known by the acronym FIFA. The most prestigious international football competition is the FIFA World Cup, held every four years. This event, the most widely viewed in the world, boasts an audience twice that of the Summer Olympic Games。

There are seventeen laws in the official Laws of the Game. The same laws are designed to apply to all levels of football, although certain modifications for groups such as juniors, seniors, women and the physically challenged are permitted. The laws are often framed in broad terms, which allow flexibility in their application depending on the nature of the game. In addition to the seventeen laws, numerous IFAB decisions and other directives contribute to the regulation of football. The Laws of the Game are published by FIFA, but are maintained by the International Football Association Board, not FIFA itself.[22] The most complex of the laws is offside. The offside law limits the ability of attacking players to remain forward (i.e. closer to the opponent's goal line) of the ball, the second-to-last defending player (which can include the goalkeeper), and the half-way line.[23]。

Players, equipment and officials。

See also: Association football positions, Formation (association football), and Kit (Association football)。

Each team consists of a maximum of eleven players (excluding substitutes), one of whom must be the goalkeeper. Competition rules may state a minimum number of players required to constitute a team; this is usually seven. Goalkeepers are the only players allowed to play the ball with their hands or arms, provided they do so within the penalty area in front of their own goal. Though there are a variety of positions in which the outfield (non-goalkeeper) players are strategically placed by a coach, these positions are not defined or required by the Laws.[8]。

The basic equipment or kit players are required to wear includes a shirt, shorts, socks, footwear and adequate shin guards. Headgear is not a required piece of basic equipment, but players today may choose to wear it to protect themselves from head injury. Players are forbidden to wear or use anything that is dangerous to themselves or another player, such as jewellery or watches. The goalkeeper must wear clothing that is easily distinguishable from that worn by the other players and the match officials.[24]。

A number of players may be replaced by substitutes during the course of the game. The maximum number of substitutions permitted in most competitive international and domestic league games is three, though the permitted number may vary in other competitions or in friendly matches. Common reasons for a substitution include injury, tiredness, ineffectiveness, a tactical switch, or timewasting at the end of a finely poised game. In standard adult matches, a player who has been substituted may not take further part in a match.[25]。

A game is officiated by a referee, who has "full authority to enforce the Laws of the Game in connection with the match to which he has been appointed" (Law 5), and whose decisions are final. The referee is assisted by two assistant referees. In many high-level games there is also a fourth official who assists the referee and may replace another official should the need arise.[26]。

Pitch

Main article: Association football pitch。

Standard pitch measurements (See Imperial version)As the Laws were formulated in England, and were initially administered solely by the four British football associations within IFAB, the standard dimensions of a football pitch were originally expressed in imperial units. The Laws now express dimensions with approximate metric equivalents (followed by traditional units in brackets), though popular use tends to continue to use traditional units in English-speaking countries with a relatively recent history of metrication, such as Britain.[27]。

The length of the pitch for international adult matches is in the range 100–110 m (110–120 yd) and the width is in the range 64–75 m (70–80 yd). Fields for non-international matches may be 91–120 m (100–130 yd) length and 45–91 m (50–101 yd) in width, provided that the pitch does not become square.。

Since 2008, In order to standardize the size of the football pitch for A international matches, the IFAB has decided to set a fixed size of 105 m long and 68 m wide (instead of a minimum and maximum length – from 100 m to 110 m – and a minimum and a maximum width – from 64 m to 75 m – as mentioned in the present text).[28] The longer boundary lines are touchlines, while the shorter boundaries (on which the goals are placed) are goal lines. A rectangular goal is positioned at the middle of each goal line.[29] The inner edges of the vertical goal posts must be 7.32 m (8 yd) apart, and the lower edge of the horizontal crossbar supported by the goal posts must be 2.44 m (8 ft) above the ground. Nets are usually placed behind the goal, but are not required by the Laws.[30]。

In front of each goal is an area known as the penalty area. This area is marked by the goal line, two lines starting on the goal line 16.5 m (18 yd) from the goalposts and extending 16.5 m (18 yd) into the pitch perpendicular to the goal line, and a line joining them. This area has a number of functions, the most prominent being to mark where the goalkeeper may handle the ball and where a penalty foul by a member of the defending team becomes punishable by a penalty kick. Other markings define the position of the ball or players at kick-offs, goal kicks, penalty kicks and corner kicks.[31]。

Duration and tie-breaking methods。

A standard adult football match consists of two periods of 45 minutes each, known as halves. Each half runs continuously, meaning that the clock is not stopped when the ball is out of play. There is usually a 15-minute half-time break between halves. The end of the match is known as full-time.。

The referee is the official timekeeper for the match, and may make an allowance for time lost through substitutions, injured players requiring attention, or other stoppages. This added time is commonly referred to as stoppage time or injury time, and is at the sole discretion of the referee. The referee alone signals the end of the match. In matches where a fourth official is appointed, toward the end of the half the referee signals how many minutes of stoppage time he intends to add. The fourth official then informs the players and spectators by holding up a board showing this number. The signalled stoppage time may be further extended by the referee.[32] Added time was introduced because of an incident which happened in 1891 during a match between Stoke and Aston Villa. Trailing 1–0 and with just two minutes remaining, Stoke were awarded a penalty. Villa's goalkeeper kicked the ball out of the ground, and by the time the ball had been recovered, the 90 minutes had elapsed and the game was over.[33]。

In league competitions, games may end in a draw, but in some knockout competitions if a game is tied at the end of regulation time it may go into extra time, which consists of two further 15-minute periods. If the score is still tied after extra time, some competitions allow the use of penalty shootouts (known officially in the Laws of the Game as "kicks from the penalty mark") to determine which team will progress to the next stage of the tournament. Goals scored during extra time periods count toward the final score of the game, but kicks from the penalty mark are only used to decide the team that progresses to the next part of the tournament (with goals scored in a penalty shootout not making up part of the final score).。

In competitions using two-legged matches, each team competes at home once, with an aggregate score from the two matches deciding which team progresses. Where aggregates are equal, the away goals rule may be used to determine the winners, in which case the winner is the team that scored the most goals in the leg played away from home. If the result is still equal, kicks from the penalty mark are usually required, though some competitions may require a tied game to be replayed.。

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the IFAB experimented with ways of creating a winner without requiring a penalty shootout, which was often seen as an undesirable way to end a match. These involved rules ending a game in extra time early, either when the first goal in extra time was scored (golden goal), or if one team held a lead at the end of the first period of extra time (silver goal). Golden goal was used at the World Cup in 1998 and 2002. The first World Cup game decided by a golden goal was France's victory over Paraguay in 1998. Germany was the first nation to score a golden goal in a major competition, beating Czech Republic in the final of Euro 1996. Silver goal was used in Euro 2004. Both these experiments have been discontinued by IFAB.[34]。

Ball in and out of play。

Main article: Ball in and out of play。

Under the Laws, the two basic states of play during a game are ball in play and ball out of play. From the beginning of each playing period with a kick-off until the end of the playing period, the ball is in play at all times, except when either the ball leaves the field of play, or play is stopped by the referee. When the ball becomes out of play, play is restarted by one of eight restart methods depending on how it went out of play:。

A player about to take a free kickKick-off: following a goal by the opposing team, or to begin each period of play.[6] 。

Throw-in: when the ball has wholly crossed the touchline; awarded to opposing team to that which last touched the ball.[35] 。

Goal kick: when the ball has wholly crossed the goal line without a goal having been scored and having last been touched by a player of the attacking team; awarded to defending team.[36] 。

Corner kick: when the ball has wholly crossed the goal line without a goal having been scored and having last been touched by a player of the defending team; awarded to attacking team.[37] 。

Indirect free kick: awarded to the opposing team following "non-penal" fouls, certain technical infringements, or when play is stopped to caution or send-off an opponent without a specific foul having occurred. A goal may not be scored directly from an indirect free kick.[38] 。

Direct free kick: awarded to fouled team following certain listed "penal" fouls.[38] 。

Penalty kick: awarded to the fouled team following a foul usually punishable by a direct free kick but that has occurred within their opponent's penalty area.[39] 。

Dropped-ball: occurs when the referee has stopped play for any other reason, such as a serious injury to a player, interference by an external party, or a ball becoming defective. This restart is uncommon in adult games.[6] 。

Misconduct

Players are cautioned with a yellow card, and sent off with a red card. These colours were first introduced at the 1970 FIFA World Cup and used consistently since. 。

A foul occurs when a player commits an offence listed in the Laws of the Game while the ball is in play. The offences that constitute a foul are listed in Law 12. Handling the ball deliberately, tripping an opponent, or pushing an opponent, are examples of "penal fouls", punishable by a direct free kick or penalty kick depending on where the offence occurred. Other fouls are punishable by an indirect free kick.[5]。

The referee may punish a player or substitute's misconduct by a caution (yellow card) or sending-off (red card). A second yellow card at the same game leads to a red card, and therefore to a sending-off. A player given a yellow card is said to have been "booked", the referee writing the player's name in his official notebook.。

A player scores a penalty kick given after an offence is committed inside the penalty areaIf a player has been sent off, no substitute can be brought on in their place. Misconduct may occur at any time, and while the offences that constitute misconduct are listed, the definitions are broad. In particular, the offence of "unsporting behaviour" may be used to deal with most events that violate the spirit of the game, even if they are not listed as specific offences. A referee can show a yellow or red card to a player, substitute or substituted player. Non-players such as managers and support staff cannot be shown the yellow or red card, but may be expelled from the technical area if they fail to conduct themselves in a responsible manner.[5]。

Rather than stopping play, the referee may allow play to continue if doing so will benefit the team against which an offence has been committed. This is known as "playing an advantage". The referee may "call back" play and penalise the original offence if the anticipated advantage does not ensue within a short period, typically taken to be four to five seconds. Even if an offence is not penalised due to advantage being played, the offender may still be sanctioned for misconduct at the next stoppage of play.。

橄榄球：

Football is the name of several similar team sports, all of which involve (to varying degrees) kicking a ball with the foot in an attempt to score a goal. The most popular of these sports worldwide is association football, more commonly known as just "football" or "soccer". However the word football is applied to whichever form of football became most popular in each particular part of the world. Hence the English language word "football" is applied to "gridiron football" (a name associated with the North American sports, especially American football and Canadian football), Australian football, Gaelic football, Rugby league, Rugby union, and related games. These rule variations are known as "codes."。

These games involve:。

Two teams of usually between 11 and 18 players; some variations that have fewer players (five or more per team) are also popular 。

a clearly defined area in which to play the game; 。

scoring goals or points, by moving the ball to an opposing team's end of the field and either into a goal area, or over a line; 。

goals or points resulting from players putting the ball between two goalposts 。

the goal or line being defended by the opposing team; 。

players being required to move the ball—depending on the code—by kicking, carrying or hand passing the ball; and 。

players using only their body to move the ball. 。

In most codes, there are rules restricting the movement of players offside, and players scoring a goal must put the ball either under or over a crossbar between the goalposts. Other features common to several football codes include: points being mostly scored by players carrying the ball across the goal line; and players receiving a free kick after they take a mark or make a fair catch.。

Peoples from around the world have played games which involved kicking or carrying a ball, since ancient times. However, most of the modern codes of football have their origins in England.。

Cambridge rules。

Main article: Cambridge rules。

In 1848, at Cambridge University, Mr. H. de Winton and Mr. J.C. Thring, who were both formerly at Shrewsbury School, called a meeting at Trinity College, Cambridge with 12 other representatives from Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester and Shrewsbury. An eight-hour meeting produced what amounted to the first set of modern rules, known as the Cambridge rules. No copy of these rules now exists, but a revised version from circa 1856 is held in the library of Shrewsbury School. The rules clearly favour the kicking game. Handling was only allowed for a player to take a clean catch entitling them to a free kick and there was a primitive offside rule, disallowing players from "loitering" around the opponents' goal. The Cambridge rules were not widely adopted outside English public schools and universities (but it was arguably the most significant influence on the Football Association committee members responsible for formulating the rules of Association football).。

Sheffield rules。

Main article: Sheffield rules。

By the late 1850s, many football clubs had been formed throughout the English-speaking world, to play various codes of football. Sheffield Football Club, founded in 1857 in the English city of Sheffield by Nathaniel Creswick and William Prest, was later recognised as the world's oldest club playing association football.[50] However, the club initially played its own code of football: the Sheffield rules. The code was largely independent of the public school rules, the most significant difference being the lack of an offside rule.。

东京奥运会男足冠军是谁

你说的是不是美式橄榄球啊？

参考自百度百科：

比赛规则

基本目标比赛双方各上11名队员，一方是进攻组，另一方是防守组。进攻组的目的是尽可能地将球向对方阵地推进，

美式橄榄球用球

争取越过得分线进入对方端区得分。进攻的方法有两种，球员带球向前跑（冲球）或空中传球（传球）。另一方防守组的目的是尽可能阻止对方进攻，并迫使对方丧失球权。如果进攻一方得分或丧失球权，双方队伍互换攻防，也就是原来的进攻方换上防守组，而原来的防守方换上进攻组。比赛就这样双方轮流攻防地进行下去，直到四节比赛时间结束。[1]场地美式足球场通常被昵称为烤肉架，因为球场上标示线的样式让球场看起来就像是一个可以帮助食物放在火上烤的架子。比赛是在一个120码(109.728米)长、53码(48.4632米)宽的球场上进行比赛。较长的边界称为边线，较短的边界称为底线。底线旁边的标示线称为得分线，彼此得分线之间的距离为100码。得分的区域位于底线与得分线之间10码宽的区域，称为达阵区。球场上每5码距离标划一条分码线（yard lines），每10码距离标示数字直到50码线，或称为中场区。在球场中间两侧划有两条标示线平行两侧边线，称为码标线（hash marks）。任何球员都必须在码标在线或之间进行发球。达阵区底部架设两根球门柱，彼此间隔18.5码。球门柱由一根横杆连结在一起，横杆距离地面高度为10码。成功的射门，球必须穿越横杆之上与两根球门柱之间。球员位置每方各有三个组执行不同任务：当己方获得球权时，进攻组上场；当对方获得进攻权，防守组上场；特殊组。

美式橄榄球比赛

只在几种特殊情况下上场（弃踢、点球和开球）。双方在任何时候只能有11名球员在场上。比赛进行时，可以随时更换场上部分甚至全部的球员。球队中全部53名球员皆会在每场比赛中被派出场比赛。[1]比赛时间比赛分为四节，每节15分钟。第一和第二节称为上半场。第三和第四节称为下半场。上下半场之间有12分钟的中场休息时间。下半场开始时，将和比赛开始时一样重新开球。

上半场的第一节结束时和下半场的第三节结束时各有两分钟休息时间，双方队员交换场地，原来拥有球权的一方将在交换场地后继续进攻。进攻方在每次进攻结束后，必须在40秒时间内重新开始下次进攻，否则将受罚。比赛时钟在以下几种情况下暂停：传球失败，球员持球出界，裁判处罚。当裁判重新将球放到启球处让双方开始进攻时，比赛时钟开始继续记时。如果双方在四节比赛结束时打平，将进行15分钟的加时赛，并按突然死亡法决定胜负，也就是先得分的一方获胜。加时赛开始时，双方掷硬币猜先，猜对一方先进攻。[1]进攻方法持球的一队(进攻一方）有四次进攻机会向前(防守方的达阵区)推进十码，每次机会称为一个down。当进攻一方成功在四次内累积推进了十码，便可再次获得继续进攻的四次机会。如果进攻一方在四次机会内都不能向前移动十码，便要把球交给对方。

除了在开场、半场开球及得分后重新开球。以外，每次进攻时，都要以相同的并列开球(snap)方式开始：

进攻开球

进攻及防守球员在开球线的前后两边排列，面向对方。其中一位进攻球员中锋(Center)在两腿之间把球向后传给队友，通常这位接球队友是四分卫（Quarterback)。

进攻一方有两种方法推进：

1、持着球向前跑，称为跑阵(Rushing) ，这通常发生在四分卫将球递给跑卫之后，跑卫争取摆开对方的防。

跑阵

守，向前冲出尽可能多的码数，四分卫自己也可以跑球。

2、把球抛给队友，称为传球(Passing)。通常是四分卫传球，当然有时候也由别的球员传球来迷惑对方。实际上进攻方的任何一个球员都可以传球，只要球是从启球线后传出。当球被另一名进攻队员接住，称为传球成功。接球队员通常是外接手或近端锋。如果球在任何人接住前触地，则是传球失败。向前传球是美式橄榄球的特点。进攻一方在每次进攻机会只能向前传球一次，而且必须在开球线以后向前传。横向及向后传次数不限。又别于其它橄榄球，美式足球很少横传或后传。

丧失一次进攻机会的三种情况：

1、进攻球员的单膝或双膝触地，称为被拦截。从被拦截的地方重新使用一次进攻机会。

传球

2、向前传的球出界，或在任何人接到之前已触地，称为不成功传球(Incomplete Pass)；要把球放回原来开球线，用下一次机会再开始。

3、持球的队员带球出界。 把球放回原来的地方重新使用一次机会。

球员及观众经常需要知道当时是第几次进攻，和还有多少码才会重新再得四次机会。例如：一次进攻前，电视或计分板会写：1st and 10，即是首次机会，还差十码。 如果一次进攻向前移了三码，便会变成：2nd and 7，即第二次，还差七码。攻守互易进攻一方可一路保有球，直至：

1、进攻队不能得到新的四次机会。换句话说，进攻一方在四次机会内都未能前进十码。防守一方可在最后一次进攻完结的地方开始反攻。这种易球称为 Turnover on downs.。

2、进攻达阵得分，或射门得分。进攻一队跟着踢开球(Kick-off)给对方。

3、进攻方将球弃踢(Punt)，方法是进攻队员把球扔下并在球落地之前将其向前大脚踢走。通常进攻一方如果在前三次机会都未能成攻移前十码，而该处又未近至可以射门；为免在攻守转换后让对方有机会可以在该处开始进攻，便会在第四次机会时使用踢球解围。

4、防守方的球员接到进攻方的传球，称之为截球(Interception)。截得对方传球的防守方球员可以实时向对方底线移动，直至他被按倒，出界，或得分。

5、进攻方球员把球掉到地上，称掉球(Fumble)，而又被防守方球员先拿到。与截球一样，防守方球员拿到对方掉球可以实时反攻，直至被按倒，出界，或得分。进攻方的掉球和被截球统称为失误。

6、进攻的一方尝试射门失败。防守一方可在上一次开球处开始进攻(在NFL，是射门处)。如果射球处是底线前二十码之内，防守一方在二十码线开始。

7、进攻一方在自己的底线被按倒，出界，或犯规，称安全球(Safety)，安全球较为少见。

如果出现以上情况，则进攻方丧失球权，变为防守方，而防守方变为进攻方。得分攻守双方以以下方法得分：

达阵(Touchdown, 简写TD)，得6分。当球员持球跑进对方达阵区，或在对方达阵区接到传球时便是达阵。

射门

追加得分(Conversion），得1分或者2分。达阵之后，得分一队获一次追加得分。球会放在对方的三码线(NFL 是两码线）上。得分队可选择把球射进门柱之内，加1分；或以跑、传等方法，再达阵一次，加2分。在大学赛及职业赛中，多数都是以射球加一分。职业赛射入加1分的成功率为94%，大学亦有93.8%。而加2分的成功率只有43%左右。如果防守一方成功阻止加2分，并且把球抢到手，并且实时成功达成阵，可得2分(不适用于NFL)。

射门(FieldGoal, FG)，得3分。方法是把球踢过横杆之上，及两条门柱之间。射门时球必须先着地，通常是由一位球员负责把球按在地上。通常当进攻方比较接近底线但又难以达阵时会在第四次进攻机会选择射门而不是踢解围球，又或者在时间紧迫无法用其它方式得分时选择射门得分。

安全球(Safety)，得2分。这是由防守球员得分。当进攻一方被迫后退至己方的达阵区，然后被按倒或掉球，防守一方得2分。某些进攻方在己方达阵区的犯规也会被判安全球。开球和弃踢每个半场由踢开球开始，当一队达阵或射门得分后也进行踢开球。踢开球过程是，防守方的开球手将球放在本方30码线的球座上，然后将球踢向进攻方。进攻方的开球回攻手接住球后将尽量向前推进，直到被防守方阻截。进攻方然后从球被阻截处开始一轮进攻。

如果回攻手在本方端区内接住对方的开球，他有两个选择。要么持球冲出端区，向对方场地冲击，直到被拦截；要么持球后以膝盖触地表示触回，也就是停球信号，那么球将放在进攻方的20码线处，由进攻方开始一轮进攻。

当进攻方在第三次机会时还没有推进到10码，往往会选择将球弃踢，方法是进攻队员把球扔下并在球落地之前将其踢向对方半场，使对方推进更多码数才能得分。[1]犯规当有犯规发生，犯规方会被判罚。大部分的判罚是把球向犯规方的达阵区退后一定的码数，一些防守方的犯规会判给进攻方新的四次进攻机会。如果防守方被罚退后的码数足够进攻方需要的码数，进攻方也会自动获得新的四次进攻。在比赛中发生犯规时裁判会在犯规地点附近扔小黄旗。在比赛停止后，没有犯规的一方有权选择接受判罚或接受当时的赛果。举例来说，当进攻方第一次进攻机会中成功推进了8码，而同时防守方越位或是提前移动，那么进攻方可以选择接受判罚，即向前推进5码并重新进行第一次进攻(还需推进5码)；或者选择接受赛果也就是进行第二次进攻(还需推进2码)。常见犯规进攻方提前移动 (False Start)：除了在开球线平行移动的一名球员外，进攻方队员在开球前移动。退后5码。

越位 (Offside)：在开球前队员越过了球的位置。退后5码。相似的犯规有:在开球前接触对方队员；越入中立区。

阻挡(Holding)：一名队员不公平地用拉球衣，勾人或铲人的方式妨碍对方有机会的阻截手或接球手。如果进攻方犯规或攻防转换中，退后10码；如果防守方犯规，退后5码和对方自动获得新的四次进攻机会。

干扰传球(Pass Interference)：当球传出后，防守队员推，勾，拉或击倒进攻方有机会接到传球的队员；或接球队员用同样的方式对付防守方队员以避免被对方截球。如果防守方犯规，进攻方可以选择接受犯规或拒绝犯规，若攻方选择接受，由开球线起计前进十五码并自动重新获得四次进攻；若攻方拒绝(通常出现在攻方在上一个交锋成功推进十五码之上，超过处罚的码数)，亦可由犯规地点重新开球，并同样获得四次新的进攻权。如果进攻方犯规，退后5码。如果在传球前有队员有类似犯规会被判阻挡或非法接触。

个人犯规 (Personal Foul)：处罚防守方，退后十五码且对方自动获得四下进攻。原因包六个项目:粗暴冲击传球者、粗暴冲击踢球员、粗暴冲击置球员(攻方射门中把皮球直立予踢球者射门的人员)、拉扯对方面罩、弯身用头盔拦截对方、飞身在阻挡对方射门后畜意跳压在对方身上(但不会被计算在犯规，若守方已在己方的一码线）。

拖延比赛 (Delay Of Game)：处罚四分卫，后退五码处分，四十秒交锋定时器数至零时仍未发球。

非法向前传球 (Illegal Forward Pass)：攻方在攻防线之前向前传球；后退五码处分，并且会消耗一档。

进攻方非法阵式 (Illegal Formation)：攻防线上少于七人列阵。

场上有超过十一人 (Too Many Men On The Field)：任何一方在发球时超过十一人在场上均会被罚，后退五码。

非法变阵易位 (Illegal Shift)：进攻方的球员可以在交锋发球前移位，但只限列阵于攻防线以后的球员，并且每次只限一人，攻方要在队友停下来后再可以进行易位，其他球员或者非法球员易位会变被处分五码；防守方则不在此限。

非法接球员前冲 (Illegal Man Downfield)：攻方的合法接球员是指站于锋线最外的两员及所有卫员(发球线以后的球员)；攻方在传球攻击时有上述球员以外的球员越过发球线都会被视为犯规，后退五码。

缺乏体育精神 (Unsportsmanlike Conduct)：后退15码处分，处罚的原因有很多种，会由主裁判决定。常见的有:蓄意撞击裁判，言语上辱骂裁判、故意延长得分后的庆祝、连续使用暂停冻结对方踢球员等(守方连续在踢球员踢球前叫两次暂停，以冻结对方并增加心理压力)。[1]比赛双方进攻组（进攻队）

由五名球员组成的攻击线（offensive line）负责保护传球者（通常为四分卫）及阻挡对手来为己方跑手开。

明星四分卫伊莱-曼宁

路。除了中锋外，其它攻击线锋通常不会触及皮球。 进攻线之列阵由内至外为：中锋（Center, C）、哨锋（Offensive Guard, OG）、截锋（Offensive Tackle, OT）。

四分卫（quarterback，有译作主帅）是一个球队的灵魂核心。在大部份进攻中都会接过皮球。他然后可以给球（handoff）或扔球给跑卫、传球给外接员、或自己抱着球作冲锋。

跑卫（running back）列阵时通常排在四分卫的后面或旁边。他们是最擅长于持球冲锋。他们也能做阻挡、接传、以及在比较罕见的情况下，将球抛传给队友。

外接员（wide receiver，有译作边锋）在接近边线地方列阵。他们擅长于接收抛传。

近端锋（tight end）列于攻击线锋们侧。他们可以像外接员去接传，也可以像攻击线锋们一样去保护四分卫或为冲锋球员开路。

以上球员不会在每一次交锋出场。球队在每次交锋可选择派出多少名外接员、边锋及跑卫出场。

防守组（防守队）

防守线（defensive line）由三至五名在对手的进攻线锋前列阵的球员组成。他们负责尝试去在对方跑手冲锋前或对方四分卫传球前把他们擒抱。

后卫（defensive backs）由三名球员组成（通常为两名角卫 cornerback，强卫 strong safety 及游卫/自由卫 free safety 各一）。他们负责看守对方的外接员及避免他们成功接传。有时他们也会冲向对方的四分卫（擒杀对方）。

其余的防守球员为线卫（linebacker）。他们于防守线及后卫之间列阵，可以选择冲向对方四分卫或协助看守外接员。

特别组（特别队）

特别组是指那些负责在踢球时上场的球员们。特别组包括司有专职的球员，例如负责弃踢（punt）的弃踢手（punter）和负责开球、射门及追加得分射门的踢球手（kicker）等。

football和soccer分别是美式足球和英式足球,那么我们平时接触的是哪种呢?

东京奥运会男足冠军是西班牙国。

2020年东京奥运会足球比赛（英文：Football at the 2020 Summer Olympics）是2020年东京奥运会的比赛项目之一，比赛原定于2020年7月22日至8月8日在日本举行。本届赛事男足比赛共有来自6大洲足联的16支球队参赛，女足比赛有来自6大洲足联的12支球队参赛。

相关信息介绍：

2020年3月24日，国际奥委会宣布，决定推迟东京奥运会至2021年夏天举行，延期后的奥运会名称仍保留“东京2020奥运会”。

2021年8月6日，在东京奥运会女足决赛中，加拿大女足击败瑞典女足夺冠。8月7日，在东京奥运会男足决赛中，巴西队以2-1战胜西班牙队，获得冠军。

奥运会参赛队每队可报名18人大名单和4名替补球员名单，每场比赛前各队可以从22名球员中选出18人进入比赛名单。

以上内容参考：百度百科-2020年东京奥运会足球比赛。

原文地址：http://qianchusai.com/football2020-80.html