volunteerism-70

关于亚运志愿者的理解

Book 4 Module 5 参考答案及部分解析。

参考答案

1-5 ACCBA 6-10 CABAC。

11-15 BBCAB 16-20 CBBAC。

21-25 CDCBD 26-30 CBCBB。

31-35 CDADC 36-40 ADCBB。

41-45 CBADB 46-50 DAACD。

51-55 BABCC 56-60 DACAA。

61-65 BDACA 66-70 DBADA。

71-75 BDACG

76. On the night of the Thanksgiving in 2011.。

77. Because she can find some peace there. / To find some peace there.。

78. On the church grounds.。

79. Perry and her friends.。

80. It makes them become happy. / It lights them up.。

短文改错：

81. ... and take a ... take → took。

82. ... some exercise in ... exercise → exercises。

83. ... maths, what took ... what → which。

84. ... quite hardly and ... hardly → hard。

85. ... made a good ... 去掉a。

86. ... I did go ... did后加not或did → didn’t。

87. ... of me would ... me → mine。

88. ... time listen to ... listen → listening。

89. ... by this way. by → in 或去掉by。

90. ... my studies rapid ... rapid → rapidly。

One possible version:。

My Hometown

Located in the southwest of China, Guiyang is my hometown, which is the capital city of Guizhou Province. It’s convenient to come here by train, bus or plane.。

Named the City of Forest, Guiyang, with 40% of its total area covered with forests, lakes and rivers, is an attractive city. The climate is warm and wet, and it is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer. Some parks in the city, such as Qianlingshan Park and Hebin Park, are good places for people to enjoy themselves in their spare time.。

More than 4 million people live here. Warm, wise and hardworking, they are determined to make the city a better place to live in.。

部分解析

单项填空：

21. C。get a kick out of ... 从……中得到乐趣；at the edge of ... 在……的边缘。

22. D。题意：你站起来，就能更清楚地看到台上的那位钢琴家。view 意为“视线，视野，观看”，指从某处看到的东西。

23. C。forbid sb. to do / from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事。

24. B。根据“而不用药物”可知，“健康的身体将能自然地（naturally）抵御疾病”。hopefully 满怀希望地；especially尤其；eventually最后。

25. D。根据“本不能像他希望的那样经常去看望父母”可知，“他在一个偏远的（remote）山村工作”。immense 极大的；crowded 拥挤的；varied多变化的。

26. C。根据“参观展览是免费的”可知，“你没有必要（needn’t）付费”。

27. B。“这张CD 的真实价格是5 美元，而你却付了20 美元”，显然是被“宰”了，故选B项。rip off 敲诈，敲竹杠。giveaway 泄露，出卖；pick up 捡起，拾起；cut down砍倒。

28. C。根据“不，我们打算去海边”可知，“至少我是这样打算的”。at least（用于减轻前面所说的话的肯定性）至少。at last最后；at most至多；at first首先。

29. B。surround 与主语Mrs Green 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用动词的过去分词作状语。

30. B。当表示方位的介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子要采用完全倒装语序。hang 指“固定在墙上”时，可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词，根据look 可知指现在的状态，故用一般现在时态。

31. C。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词email，且在从句中作地点状语，故选where。

32. D。根据“趁着我们还没有最终面临资源短缺”可知，此处是指“我们应该开始开发（exploit）新的资源”。explode 爆炸；experience 经历，体验；experiment实验。

33. A。“汽车安全带有效”的前提是“它被正确地调节”。only if 意为“只要，只有当”，引导条件状语从句。even though即使；if only但愿；as though好像。

34. D。trade in ... with ... 与……做……买卖。

35. C。根据“我确实需要放松一下了”可知，答话者认为对方说的是个好主意（It sounds fine to me）。

完形填空：

话题：人际关系

本文是议论文。文章主要讨论了社会上的志愿者。

36. A。根据上文的volunteered 以及下文的volunteer, Volunteerism可知。

37. D。根据常识可知，志愿者不收取报酬。

38.C。根据下文的the great desire to help others可知，志愿者乐于助人。

39. B。根据上文的Can you imagine 可知，此处设想如果人人都志愿工作的情形。

40. B。根据上文的what would happen to our work以及下文的Contracts可知。

41. C。根据下文的or promised to do 可知，agreed和promised在此构成并列。

42. B。根据上文的Contracts require you to do 和下文的requires you to do so 可知，志愿工作也需要你做自己许诺过的 事情。

43. A。根据下文的higher productivity 可 知，此处用比较级来表达转折意义。

44. D。根据下文的throughout our country 可知，作者在此假设如果一个国家没有志愿者的情况。

45. B。根据下文列出的机构可知，这些组织机构都依赖于志愿者。

46. D。47. A。如果没有志愿者不计回报的无私奉献，那么我们的生活不会这么如意。

48. A。根据接下来解释为什么志愿者从事志愿工作可知，本段主要探讨其背后的原因。

49. C。根据下文的how to use our time more productively 以及it teaches us 可知，志愿工作可以培养个人技能。

50. D。根据下文两处提到的it teaches us 可知。

51. B。52. A。53. B。从事志愿工作可以培养个人技能，使我们更有效地利用时间。更“重要的(important)”是，它使我们明白，生活中最重要的“往往(always)” 不是你拥有什么，而是你能“给 予(give)”什么。what you have 与what you give形成对比。

54. C。根据上文的what we contribute to society 可知，我们应该更重视我们能为社会做什么而不是我们能从社会中得到什么。

55. C。根据上文的we make more than just a living with our lives 以及下文的 create “ordinary” miracles 可知，通过志愿工作，我们能有所改变。

阅读理解：

A篇(热点话题)

本文是记叙文。文章主要描述了作者在国外感受到的文化冲击。

56. D。推理判断题。根据8月31日描述的“尽管天还没黑，但是芝加哥的商场就已经关门了，而上海最繁华的街道则是通宵营业”可知，芝加哥的商店营业时间比上海的短。

57. A。细节理解题。根据9月5日描写的 Whenever a teacher asks a question, my classmates immediately shout out their answers. And some of them interrupt the teacher 可知，美国学生在课堂上很直率。

58. C。推理判断题。根据最后一段的 People in Chicago seem very comfortable with each other. It seems quite natural for two people to start talking in a café可知，芝加哥的人遇到陌生人时很愿意交 谈。

59. A。主旨大意题。文章主要描述了上海的女孩在芝加哥受到的文化冲击。

B篇(个人情况)

本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了国际 著名的人际关系和身体语言专家——亚伦·皮斯。

60. A。推理判断题。根据第二段描述亚伦30 岁前的个人成就可知，他年轻有 为。

61. B。段落大意题。第三段主要讲述了亚伦的成就。他受到众多名人的追捧和广大观众的关注。

62. D。词义猜测题。根据划线词接下来 的句子He makes his class very humorous 可知，亚伦很风趣、幽默。由此可知， hilarious和funny 意思相近。

63. A。推理判断题。根据最后一段Tetra Pak 所说的“亚伦可以一直风趣地给观 众讲几个小时的课，他的工作非常杰 出”可知，Tetra Pak 高度赞扬亚伦。

C篇(旅游)

本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了圣地亚哥的Valley Center。

64. C。细节理解题。根据Bates Nut Farm 部分的760-749-3333 和The farm has a picnic area可知。

65. A。细节理解题。根据Keys Creek Lavender Farm 部分的it offers lavender picking 可知，这家农场提供采摘活动。

66. D。细节理解题。根据Bates Nut Farm 部分的home to many family-friendly events ... music festivals 以及Valley Center Western Days 部分的the week-long series of events ... and an evening musical performance可知。

D篇(购物)

本文是议论文。文章主要讨论了网购该不该收税。

67. B。主旨大意题。本文主要讨论了网购该不该收税。

68. A。细节理解题。根据第一段的The only reason Internet sales are not taxed is because we did not know the Internet would be used to sell products when it was created 可知，网购之所以没收税是因为网购出乎人们意料。

69. D。推理判断题。根据第二段的they buy it online to save money on the sales tax 可知，在网上购物实际上是逃避纳税。

70.A。推理判断题。根据第三段的Internet taxing is a way ... improve the quality of life for all who live in that country 可知，作者认为网购征税对全民有利。

选做题参考答案及解析

参考答案

A 1-5 CBDBD B 6-10 DCADB。

解析

A篇(自然)

本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了外来生物对本土动植物可能带来的问题。

1. C。主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了生物污染源对本土动植物造成的危害。

2. B。推理判断题。根据第二段的It killed seven people in New York last year 可知，西尼罗病毒已造成人员死亡，因此威胁到人类的生命安全。

3. D。细节理解题。根据第二段的they adjust very easily to those climates 可知，生物污染源的特点之一是对新环境的适应能力很强。

4. B。推理判断题。第四段举的例子主要是为了说明第三段的these biological polluters have also started journeying much more. They travel in many things carried from one country to another，由此可知，生物污染源已经在全世界范围内开始传播。

5. D。细节理解题。根据最后一段的 these kinds of plants ... have the power to spread new diseases among native plants and animals可知。

B篇(社会)

本文是议论文。文章主要讨论了当前的年轻人。

6. D。推理判断题。根据第一段的Young people almost never get a good press these days, Teenagers today are brighter, more energetic, more outgoing, and more interesting than any generation before 以 及第二段的The truth is, we hear plenty of bad news about youth, but ... 可知，社会上的很多人对年轻人有偏见。

7. C。词义猜测题。划线部分所在句的主语It 指代研究公司BritainThinks 的发现：the most popular goal (shared by some 70 per cent) was to “have a job you love”；another study 指代：what made teenagers happiest ... but “the simple things in life”。由此可知，两次的研究发现相一致。

8. A。推理判断题。第四段举的例子主要 是为了说明第三段的they’re creators. Think of all those young people developing their own websites or machines，由此可知答案。

9. D。推理判断题。根据最后一段的But I think our future is in safe hands 可知，作者对年轻人满怀希望。

10. B。写作目的题。文章主要讨论了当今的年轻人。

志愿者知识

1. 志愿者的定义是什么？

何谓志愿工作？志愿工作是指任何人志愿贡献个人的时间及精力，在不为任何物质报酬的情况下，为改善社会服务，促进社会进步而提供的服务。

2. 志愿服务(Volunteer Service)，也叫志愿工作，是指任何自愿贡献个人时间和精力在不为物质报酬的前提下为推动人类发展、社会进步和社会福利事业而提供的服务。

志愿服务具有志愿性、无偿性、公益性、组织性四大特征。

每个人都有参与社会事务的权利和促进社会进步的能力，同样，每个人都有促进社会繁荣进步的义务及责任。

而参与志愿工作是表达这种“权利”及“义务”的积极和有效的形式。志愿服务个人化、人性化的特征，可以有效地拉近人与人之间的心灵间隔，减少疏远感，对缓解社会矛盾，促进社会稳定有一定的积极作用。

3. 志愿精神(Volunteerism)，是指一种自愿的、不为报酬和收入而参与推动人类发展促进社会进步的精神是公民、公民组织和公民社会的精髓。

志愿者精神：奉献、友爱、互助、进步。

青年志愿者精神可扩展为：“无私奉献、友爱互助、共同进步”三句话。

4. 志愿者、志愿活动和志愿精神的三要素： 自愿、非酬、利他。

5.志愿服务有全面的积极意义

-----个人：扩大生活圈子、肯定自我价值、学习新技能、得到满足感。

机构：提升组织形象、凝聚团队精神、促进组织工作高效率化。

-社会：帮助有需要的人，为他们希望、温暖和方便；并且善用社会资源，加强人们的归属感。

6. 志愿者权利

（1）、参加志愿服务活动

（2）、接受与志愿服务活动相关的培训。

（3）、对志愿者组织的工作提出批评、建议和进行监督；对组织工作提出批评、建议和监督，是志愿者个人实现自我价值的一种重要方式，有利于使组织的各项工作顺利开展、全面运行，扬长避短，从而更加有效率的完成，树立好良好的形象。

（4）、请求志愿者组织帮助解决在志愿服务中遇到的困难和问题。

（5）、同等条件下，有获得志愿者组织帮助和服务的优先权。

（6）、要求获得从事志愿服务工作所需的条件和必要保障;例如：工作需要的工作服装、工作证、工作帽、培训手册，仪容仪表等条件。工作前会被培训到相关工作注意事项以及一些工作应急情况处理措施；为志愿者提供安全的工作条件和环境，购买保险；当工作中合法权益收到侵害时，有向组织要求获得保障和赔偿的权利等。

（7）、可以要求志愿者组织出具志愿服务证明。

7. 志愿者的义务

（1）、履行志愿服务承诺，听从组织的领导。

切记，工作之前要清楚什么是该做的，什么是不该做的，工作时要据守岗位，做好自己的工作，不能擅离职守，要服从组织的安排，才能使各方面工作有秩序的进行。

（2）、不得以志愿者身份从事任何以赢利为目的或违背社会公德的活动。

时刻记得自己不是一个人活动的，而是代表整个志愿组织的形象来工作的，所以要慎重注意自己的一言一语、一举一动。个体对整体有反作用，个体会促进整体，也会损害整体的利益。

（3）、不得损害服务对象的合法权益。

作为受志愿组织安排参加服务活动，除志愿服务组织与志愿服务对象存在上述关系外，从个人服务的角度讲，志愿者与志愿服务对象之间是一种自愿、平等和互相尊重的服务与被服务关系。志愿者在志愿服务过程中应尊重志愿服务对象的权利，保守志愿服务对象的个人隐私和商业秘密；不得向志愿服务对象收取或者变相收取报酬。 服务对象满意了，我们价值才得到了肯定。

（4）、遵守志愿者组织的章程和其他制度，维护志愿者组织的声誉和形象。

要明白志愿者的工作要求，多看服务小册子，严格规范自己的各方面。

8. 礼 仪

礼仪的含义

旬子曰：“人无礼则不生，事无礼则不成，国无礼则不宁。”

v 礼：是表示敬意的通称，是人们在社会生活中处理人际关系并约束自己行为以示尊重他人的准则。

v 礼貌：是人与人之间在接触交往中，相互表示敬重和友好的行为规范，它体现时代的风格与道德品质。

v 礼节：是人们在日常生活中，特别是在交际场合，相互问候、致意、祝愿、慰问及给予必要的协助与照料的惯用形式，是礼貌的具体表现。

v 礼仪：通常是指在较大或较隆重的场合，为表示重视、尊重、敬意所举行的合乎社交规范和道德规范的仪式。

志愿者学习礼仪的重要意义:

v 有助于维护志愿者的形象

v 有助于提高志愿者的素质

v 有助于志愿者人际沟通能力的改善。

v 有助于促进志愿者的交际

9. 1985年，第四十届联合国大会通过决议，从1986年起，每年的12月5日为“国际促进经济和社会发展志愿人员日”（简称：国际志愿人员日）。其目的是敦促各国政府通过庆祝活动唤起更多的人以志愿者的身份从事社会发展和经济建设事业。联合国志愿人员组织成立于1970年12月，总部设在日内瓦。中国自1981年起同该组织合作。

10国际志愿者年

为向世界人民展现志愿者作出的杰出成就，并在全球范围内倡导志愿精神和推进志愿服务事业，1997年11月召开的第52届联合国大会通过了关于将2001年定为国际志愿者年（IYV 2001）的决议。

国际志愿者年的四大目标是：充分认识志愿贡献、积极支持志愿活动、建立志愿网络体系和倡导弘扬志愿精神。2001国际志愿者年的揭幕仪式于2000年11月在联合国总部纽约举行。

11.志愿者誓词：

我愿意成为一名光荣的志愿者。我承诺：尽已所能，不计报酬，帮助他人，学会服务。践行志愿精神，传播资源文化。为促进资源科学发展、建设资源节约型社会、普及资源科学知识贡献力量！

12.青年志愿者行动的宗旨是什么？

服务社会，帮助他人，完善自己，弘扬新风。

13.青年志愿者行动的口号是什么？

爱心献社会，真情暖人心。

14.青年志愿者行动的标志是什么？

中国青年志愿者标志是在广泛征集、严格筛选的基础上，由清华大学美术学院教师陈磊设计的。标志的整体构图为心的造型，又是英文“志愿者”的第一个字母“V”，为红色。国案中央是手的造型，也是鸽子的造型，同时也是“青年”英文的第一个字母“Y”，为白色。标志寓意为中国青年志愿者向社会上所有需要帮助的人们奉献出一片爱心、伸出友爱之手，表达“爱心献社会，真情暖人心”的志愿者主题。

15.青年志愿者行动的服务领域有哪些？

为满足社会不断增长的志愿服务需求，各级团组织、志愿者组织在扶贫开发、社区建设、环境保护、大型活动、抢险救灾、海外服务等不同领域探索实施了一系列扎实有效的志愿服务项目。目前，已动员1亿多人次的青年为社会提供了超过45亿小时的志愿服务，在服务社会、教育青年、促进发展等方面发挥了积极作用。

广州亚运会城市志愿者通用政策

广州亚运会城市志愿者是指在广州亚运会筹备及赛会期间，为服务赛会的顺利进行和城市的氛围营造，在亚运场馆及城市重点区域开展志愿服务的志愿者，分为城市站（点）志愿者、社会志愿者和拉拉队志愿者。本政策是面向广州亚运会城市志愿者制定的通用政策。

一、志愿者的基本条件

1、自愿参加广州亚运会志愿服务；

2、身体健康；

3、遵守中国法律法规；

4、能够参加赛前的培训及相关活动；

5、能够在广州亚运会期间提供3个工作班次（含）以上的服务；

6、具备广州亚运会城市志愿服务岗位必需的知识和技能。

二、志愿者的权利和义务

（一）权利

1、了解广州亚运会城市志愿者政策；

2、在岗位确定之前表达工作岗位的意愿；

3、获得必要的工作保障；

4、维护自身的正当权益；

5、获得参与广州亚运会城市志愿服务工作记录的证明；

6、参加广州亚运会城市志愿者的评比表彰；

7、对广州亚运会城市志愿者工作提出意见和建议；

8、申请退出志愿服务。

（二）义务

1、遵守奥林匹克宪章，传播奥林匹克精神和志愿精神；

2、弘扬中华民族优秀文化，展现广州和谐社会首善之区的建设成果；

3、履行经本人签署的志愿服务承诺书；

4、完成相应的培训；

5、服从志愿服务工作岗位的安排；

6、服从志愿服务期间所在团队的指挥和调配，认真完成志愿服务工作任务。

三、志愿者的招募

（一）招募方式

广州亚运会城市志愿者报名申请人可登陆广州亚组委官方网站进行网上报名，也可到所在区（县）的街道办事处团工委、乡（镇）团委、学校设立的报名网点填写、提交纸质报名表进行报名。

（二）报名时间

广州亚运会城市志愿者的报名时间为2009年4月21日至2010年9月。

（三）招募流程

广州亚运会城市志愿者的招募流程主要包括申请人报名、材料审核、培训考核、背景审核、签署协议和发出录用通知。录用工作于2010年9月结束。

四、志愿者的培训

（一）培训内容

1、通用培训。通用培训的内容包括奥林匹克基本知识、亚运会基本知识、广州亚运会概况、中国历史及传统文化、广州历史及文化生活、志愿服务知识和技能等。

2、岗位培训。岗位培训的内容包括岗位职责、工作任务、业务流程、服务规范等。

（二）培训方式

1、远程培训。是指通过网络、广播、电视、报刊等媒体对志愿者开展的培训。

2、面授培训。是指通过集中授课的方式对志愿者开展的培训。

3、实践培训。是指组织志愿者参与以社会公益实践活动、各类志愿服务主题活动以及赛会期间的城市志愿服务工作等为主要内容的培训。

五、志愿者的服务领域和班次安排。

（一）服务领域

1、在亚运场馆外围及城市重点区域设立的城市志愿服务站（点）等，开展交通指引、信息咨询和语言翻译等城市志愿服务。

2、亚运会赛事期间在全市各行业提供平安亚运建设、交通秩序维护、扶危助困、生态环保、公园系统志愿服务、加油站志愿服务等。

3、提供亚运赛场文明宣传、观赛志愿服务和拉拉队志愿服务等。

4、根据亚运会志愿者工作协调小组分配的工作任务，开展城市其他志愿服务。

（二）班次安排

1、广州亚运会赛会期间，城市志愿服务站点的志愿者原则上每天工作不超过2个班次，一个班次不超过4小时。

2、城市志愿服务站（点）外的志愿者工作班次和工作时间将根据实际需要进行安排。

希望能够帮到你！(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……

如何向志愿者学习？

志愿者知识

1. 志愿者的定义是什么？

何谓志愿工作？志愿工作是指任何人志愿贡献个人的时间及精力，在不为任何物质报酬的情况下，为改善社会服务，促进社会进步而提供的服务。

2. 志愿服务(Volunteer Service)，也叫志愿工作，是指任何自愿贡献个人时间和精力,在不为物质报酬的前提下,为推动人类发展、社会进步和社会福利事业而提供的服务。

志愿服务具有志愿性、无偿性、公益性、组织性四大特征。

每个人都有参与社会事务的权利和促进社会进步的能力，同样，每个人都有促进社会繁荣进步的义务及责任。

而参与志愿工作是表达这种“权利”及“义务”的积极和有效的形式。志愿服务个人化、人性化的特征，可以有效地拉近人与人之间的心灵距离，减少疏远感，对缓解社会矛盾，促进社会稳定有一定的积极作用。

3. 志愿精神(Volunteerism)，是指一种自愿的、不为报酬和收入而参与推动人类发展,促进社会进步的精神,是公民、公民组织和公民社会的精髓。

志愿者精神：奉献、友爱、互助、进步。

青年志愿者精神可扩展为：“无私奉献、友爱互助、共同进步”三句话。

4. 志愿者、志愿活动和志愿精神的三要素： 自愿、非酬、利他。

5.志愿服务有全面的积极意义

-----个人：扩大生活圈子、肯定自我价值、学习新技能、得到满足感。

机构：提升组织形象、凝聚团队精神、促进组织工作高效率化。

-社会：帮助有需要的人，为他们希望、温暖和方便；并且善用社会资源，加强人们的归属感。

6. 志愿者权利

（1）、参加志愿服务活动

（2）、接受与志愿服务活动相关的培训。

（3）、对志愿者组织的工作提出批评、建议和进行监督；对组织工作提出批评、建议和监督，是志愿者个人实现自我价值的一种重要方式，有利于使组织的各项工作顺利开展、全面运行，扬长避短，从而更加有效率的完成，树立好良好的形象。

（4）、请求志愿者组织帮助解决在志愿服务中遇到的困难和问题。

（5）、同等条件下，有获得志愿者组织帮助和服务的优先权。

（6）、要求获得从事志愿服务工作所需的条件和必要保障;例如：工作需要的工作服装、工作证、工作帽、培训手册，仪容仪表等条件。工作前会被培训到相关工作注意事项以及一些工作应急情况处理措施；为志愿者提供安全的工作条件和环境，购买保险；当工作中合法权益收到侵害时，有向组织要求获得保障和赔偿的权利等。

（7）、可以要求志愿者组织出具志愿服务证明。

7. 志愿者的义务

（1）、履行志愿服务承诺，听从组织的领导。

切记，工作之前要清楚什么是该做的，什么是不该做的，工作时要坚守岗位，做好自己的工作，不能擅离职守，要服从组织的安排，才能使各方面工作有秩序的进行。

（2）、不得以志愿者身份从事任何以赢利为目的或违背社会公德的活动。

时刻记得自己不是一个人活动的，而是代表整个志愿组织的形象来工作的，所以要慎重注意自己的一言一语、一举一动。个体对整体有反作用，个体会促进整体，也会损害整体的利益。

（3）、不得损害服务对象的合法权益。

作为受志愿组织安排参加服务活动，除志愿服务组织与志愿服务对象存在上述关系外，从个人服务的角度讲，志愿者与志愿服务对象之间是一种自愿、平等和互相尊重的服务与被服务关系。志愿者在志愿服务过程中应尊重志愿服务对象的权利，保守志愿服务对象的个人隐私和商业秘密；不得向志愿服务对象收取或者变相收取报酬。 服务对象满意了，我们价值才得到了肯定。

（4）、遵守志愿者组织的章程和其他制度，维护志愿者组织的声誉和形象。

2010-3-13 11:15 回复。

薰衣草

celestshakey

165位粉丝

6楼

要明白志愿者的工作要求，多看服务小册子，严格规范自己的各方面。

8. 礼 仪

礼仪的含义

旬子曰：“人无礼则不生，事无礼则不成，国无礼则不宁。”

v 礼：是表示敬意的通称，是人们在社会生活中处理人际关系并约束自己行为以示尊重他人的准则。

v 礼貌：是人与人之间在接触交往中，相互表示敬重和友好的行为规范，它体现时代的风格与道德品质。

v 礼节：是人们在日常生活中，特别是在交际场合，相互问候、致意、祝愿、慰问及给予必要的协助与照料的惯用形式，是礼貌的具体表现。

v 礼仪：通常是指在较大或较隆重的场合，为表示重视、尊重、敬意所举行的合乎社交规范和道德规范的仪式。

志愿者学习礼仪的重要意义:

v 有助于维护志愿者的形象。

v 有助于提高志愿者的素质。

v 有助于志愿者人际沟通能力的改善。

v 有助于促进志愿者的交际。

9. 1985年，第四十届联合国大会通过决议，从1986年起，每年的12月5日为“国际促进经济和社会发展志愿人员日”（简称：国际志愿人员日）。其目的是敦促各国政府通过庆祝活动唤起更多的人以志愿者的身份从事社会发展和经济建设事业。联合国志愿人员组织成立于1970年12月，总部设在日内瓦。中国自1981年起同该组织合作。

10国际志愿者年

为向世界人民展示志愿者作出的卓越成就，并在全球范围内倡导志愿精神和推进志愿服务事业，1997年11月召开的第52届联合国大会通过了关于将2001年定为国际志愿者年（IYV 2001）的决议。

国际志愿者年的四大目标是：充分认识志愿贡献、积极支持志愿活动、建立志愿网络体系和倡导弘扬志愿精神。2001国际志愿者年的揭幕仪式于2000年11月在联合国总部纽约举行。

11.志愿者誓词：

我愿意成为一名光荣的志愿者。我承诺：尽已所能，不计报酬，帮助他人，学会服务。践行志愿精神，传播资源文化。为促进资源科学发展、建设资源节约型社会、普及资源科学知识贡献力量！

12.青年志愿者行动的宗旨是什么？

服务社会，帮助他人，完善自己，弘扬新风。

13.青年志愿者行动的口号是什么？

爱心献社会，真情暖人心。

14.青年志愿者行动的标志是什么？

中国青年志愿者标志是在广泛征集、严格筛选的基础上，由清华大学美术学院教师陈磊设计的。标志的整体构图为心的造型，又是英文“志愿者”的第一个字母“V”，为红色。国案中央是手的造型，也是鸽子的造型，同时也是“青年”英文的第一个字母“Y”，为白色。标志寓意为中国青年志愿者向社会上所有需要帮助的人们奉献出一片爱心、伸出友爱之手，表达“爱心献社会，真情暖人心”的志愿者主题。

求英语演讲原稿

学习他们无私的精神，宽广的胸怀，为他人着想的善良，为了民众的幸福和安全，快乐 他们不怕辛苦和劳累，置自己的生命于度外，把生命的意义升华到一定的高度，让人敬仰和钦佩。

留学好处（英文版）~急！！！

Corporate Social Responsibility ：企业社会责任。中文材料搜百度就可以了，英文的用GOOGLE也能找到很多。下面这个是我找到的和你题目最贴合的一篇文章了。

Corporate social responsibility in China 。

BY Stephanie Yan (China Daily) Updated:2005-05-13 10:34 。

What happens when businesses are driven not just by maximizing profits for their shareholders, but also by benefiting the wider community and environment in which they operate? Sparks fly. Amazing feats are achieved in local communities, factories, businesses, and even nations.。

The past quarter of a century has seen Western businesses investing heavily in China, all striving to adapt their business models to this huge market, while bringing capital, technology and management know-how to the country.。

Today, China is probably more integrated into the international community than at any point in its history, and the competitive economic landscape is changing rapidly. For multinational companies that take social and environmental responsibilities seriously, unprecedented opportunities abound for them to turn the corporate social responsibility (CSR) fad into a real opportunity for social change.。

Trends and initiatives。

Corporations wishing to sponsor community engagement projects will find no shortage of suitable candidates. For instance, IBM has pumped tens of millions of US dollars into learning centres at Chinese kindergartens, schools and universities, supplemented by teacher and scholar training programs.。

Ascott Group, an international firm that manages luxury-serviced apartments, has opted to help pupils in Guangxi, in collaboration with World Vision, by donating funds to provide immunizations and nutritional lunches for more than 400 children. The company also contributed funding to renovate the school kids' dormitories, which are drafty and often require students to share bunks, sometimes with up to three students in each.。

Some firms take a more hands-on approach to strengthening local charitable initiatives. Take the UPS Global Volunteerism Week. It has become a company norm to allow employees time off to undertake volunteer work in the community. During the volunteering week employees go out of the office and donate their time to help non-governmental organizations in their community activities such as painting, helping the elderly, and organizing auctions or in-kind donations.。

Life is uncomplicated for those who see corporate social responsibility as a philanthropic pursuit. Yet an increasing number of business and civil leaders tend to differentiate corporate citizenship from philanthropy. More attention has been focused on integrating corporate social responsibility practices into business objectives and, above all, redefining the role of a company in society and its environment.。

As a founding signatory to the Wolfsburg Principles on anti-money laundering for international private banks, HSBC implements comprehensive anti-money laundering standards across its entire business line. The firm uses careful identification procedures for opening accounts, close monitoring of transactions and a worldwide network of control officers for tracking and reporting. In addition, the company conducts money laundering awareness programs for every new member of staff and refresher training courses where relevant.。

More than 1,020 Chinese teenagers would not have been able to make their entrepreneurship dreams come true without Boeing China's support for the Junior Achievement business plan programme. Mentored by volunteer consultants from the business community, these young entrepreneurs developed their business ideas, and organized and operated actual business ventures. They also had a chance to participate in programs that cultivated leadership, team spirit and interpersonal skills. "As a member of China's community, Boeing's support is a gift to the children in China, because they carry forward the hope and future of this great country," said Boeing China President David Wang.。

Since 1999, Microsoft China has provided nearly 4.5 million yuan (US$542,000) to support computer skills training projects for laid-off and migrant workers in Liaoning, Sichuan, Guangdong and Shanghai.。

"Microsoft is committed to addressing the digital divide issue," said David Kay, deputy general manager of Microsoft China, "because we believe, as a technology company, our combined resources - including products, technologies, solutions and cash grants - can be most effectively utilized in tackling this issue."。

The company's recently launched Unlimited Potential grant programme is intended to further transform community centres that currently provide only basic access to technology into a technology-enabled centre for learning and collaboration.。

While things are relatively straightforward for multinational corporations following a consistent code of conduct directed by the parent company, the situation gets far more complex for those companies that outsource manufacturing in China so as to cut costs. This is the area that has attracted the attention of the media and civil society.。

Ever since the Western public outcry in the 1990s about sweatshops in Asia operated by big foreign firms, labour compliance has become a permanent reality in corporate boardrooms. Stephen Frost, a research fellow at the Southeast Asia Centre of the City University of Hong Kong and chief editor of CSR Asia magazine, is a long-term observer of the changing environment.。

He recalled that in the mid-1990s footwear manufacturers like Nike and Reebok started to issue global codes of conduct to ensure their suppliers complied with certain standards, such as not hiring children or recruiting prison labour, no gender discrimination, no harassment of workers, and so forth.。

"The whole idea was the brands asked the suppliers to comply, and they checked by inspections," explained Frost. "But later on, when the audit-based approach was found to be ineffective, the big firms turned to engage with the factory management together to deal with the problems."。

Adidas initiated occupational health safety training courses for its workforce and Reebok created a female workers' welfare programme.。

Nike and Target offered labour rights education programs to owners and managers of hundreds of small Chinese enterprises.。

In partnership with academic and non-governmental organizations, a consortium of export-processing companies including Ford Motor, Gap, HP, Liz Claiborne, Pfizer, MeadWestvaco, Motorola and Target recently launched a standing programme in China called Global Supplier Institute. Following a "beyond audit" strategy, the consortium will be offering training programs on management, health and safety, and HIV/AIDS, amongst other compliance curricula.。

Another leading United States retailer is taking these efforts a step further. May Department Stores, which owns retailers such as Hecht's, Lord & Taylor and Marshall Field's, has recently awarded 36 Chinese migrant women workers scholarships for degree education. This innovative empowerment scheme for female workers is believed to be the first of its kind in the country.。

Critical success factors。

For corporate social responsibility initiatives to be successful, a number of factors must come together, including strong partnerships, communication, core values and policy engagement.。

Most business and civil leaders believe that the most important contribution corporations can make to society is through the way they run their own businesses.。

"Co-operation is the basis of our CSR approach," said Mark Spears, Director of International Labour Standards for the Walt Disney Company. "We work together with a variety of stake-holders, including investors, other companies, licencees, suppliers, academic, civil society members and government agencies, as each of them contributes a vital perspective to the process."。

Successful collaboration is expected to leverage resources, skills, competencies, technology and networks, thereby maximizing social impact.。

The Asia Foundation has been an active convener facilitating multi-stake-holder dialogues and peer learning opportunities. In a forthcoming workshop on labour law enforcement, the Foundation will bring together about 70 representatives of multinational corporations, Chinese officials, academics, and non-governmental organization leaders.。

"Since we had a successful inaugural workshop in 2003, there's been growing interest for such a cross-sector forum where numerous initiatives get brokered and announced," said Allen Choate, vice-president of The Asia Foundation. "It's critical to have an ongoing vehicle for dialogues among CSR stake-holders."。

Smart design and funding will not ensure a successful corporate social responsibility project. It must be efficiently implemented and monitored.。

"You need to make the whole process transparent," noted Horace Ling, chief marketing manager of World Vision. "I can never emphasize enough on-going communication."。

It is risky to underestimate interest in pro-social schemes. When Ling first issued a customized newsletter, he put about 100 names on the list, but more than 500 people signed up. The newsletter circulation has now reached 2,500 every quarter.。

Internal communications are just as important. "You do need to encourage employees to actively participate in the socially responsible initiatives, as nobody personifies your commitment to the local community better than them," said John Hong, senior corporate affairs manager of Microsoft China.。

"Recognize their efforts, create conditions for their participation, and make it part of your corporate culture."。

Soccer in the Box, a community engagement project initiated by Bayer China, is a vivid example of how a company carries its tradition and culture in socially responsible campaigns. The company donates footballs and kits to children in impoverished regions, helping them to organize teams.。

Bayer AG was founded in a remote area of Germany in the 1860s, and in the early days the company established sports clubs to help retain employees. Today, there are 29 clubs for Bayer employees in Germany and some have become professional clubs in the high-profile National League.。

"So the soccer boxes help bring to the community our core culture," explained William Valentino, Bayer's corporate communications manager in Greater China. "It also helps spread our values, which is all about fair competition, teamwork, and education for social benefits."。

To ensure corporate social responsibility programs address practical problems that the government cares about and will endorse, there has to be an alignment with government priorities.。

The Global Business Coalition on HIV/AIDS has been a leader in just such a successful alignment. With more than 180 leading international businesses, the coalition's membership represents a workforce of nearly four million in 178 countries.。

The coalition recently launched an unprecedented joint action plan with the Chinese Ministry of Health to battle the HIV/AIDS pandemic.。

"To prevent and control HIV/AIDS is not only the obligation of the Chinese Government, but also the common responsibility of the entire society including the business sector," Vice-Premier Wu Yi was quoted as saying by People's Daily, at the joint summit. She promised the government will update laws and regulations, increase financial input and ensure free treatment and care for HIV patients.。

Michael Furst, vice-chair of the American Chamber of Commerce in China, is a proponent of the corporate sector's engagement in the policy dialogue. "The businesses need to be aware of the policy implications of what they are doing. Otherwise, CSR would likely remain a micro response to macro issues," he said.。

Furst added that multinational corporations sometimes have different political values than the local government where they operate, and thus effective cross-cultural communication is needed.。

That explains, in part, why local expertise is so vital in any policy research or advocacy activities. The Asia Foundation, for instance, worked with the Development Research Centre of the State Council in a research project on foreign direct investment in China. The partnership helped yield some inspiring fact-finding and policy recommendations for this heated subject.。

Key considerations and caveats。

Despite the positive scorecard on corporate social responsibility activities and achievements worldwide, and business executives' passion for social issues, the matter does not go without criticism.。

Firstly, there is a debate about the voluntary nature of social responsibility. The sceptical say corporate social responsibility is by default not designed to replace regulations, but to complement them. Enforcement difficulties may become an obstacle.。

But the counter argument maintains corporate social responsibility is important where regulations are not in place or insufficiently enforced. As legal instruments evolve, there needs to be a better integration of voluntary approaches and laws or government regulations.。

Secondly, while nobody questions the likelihood of a company suffering in the long run if it profits while inflicting harm on the community, the upside of pro-social investment is hard to quantify.。

Companies that do have such schemes in place have yet to find a good measure of their return on investment.。

Local firms, where multinationals source, are still expected to deliver price-competitive manufacturing while at the same time sharing the costs of pro-social measures. Operational cost increases become a target of complaint.。

Nowadays suppliers have to meet very stringent standards in terms of workplace conditions before they are able to bid for outsourced manufacturing.。

Lastly come concerns about expanding and sustaining corporate social responsibility programs. How should firms make sure schemes are not one-off projects, and will be sustained after a company stops providing financial and other support?。

Part of the solution might be empowerment - understanding the needs of local partners and beneficiaries, and focusing on building their capacity and capability, rather than creating dependence.。

While there is still a long way to go before all the innovative inroads turn into sustainable development, trends in pro-social projects in China are extremely positive.。

The movement has created a new era of public-private co-operation that is benefiting communities throughout the country, and leading to more socially responsible organizations throughout the world。

原文地址：http://www.qianchusai.com/volunteerism-70.html