conjunctive-140

“句子”这个词的英语怎么写？

阅读啊，多阅读，要精读，做句子分析。看看丘吉尔怎么学英语的，里面明确说了怎么阅读长难句子：丘吉尔小时候是个淘气的差生，不喜欢学的科目成绩很糟。在他的哈罗公学时，每学期的班级合影是按成绩排位的（跟现在我们某些学校一样哈哈），照片里丘吉尔在最后一排最边上一个。当时好学生都去学拉丁语和希腊语。像丘吉尔这样的差生就只好学母语英语了，呵呵。丘吉尔的英文老师是他最感激的人之一。这是他自传里记述的这位老师是如何教他们英文的：丘吉尔怎么学他的母语[B]y being so long in the lowest form I gained an immense advantage over the cleverer boys. They all went on to learn Latin and Greek and splendid things like that. But I was taught English. We were considered such dunces that we could learn only English. Mr. Somervell--a most delightful man, to whom my debt is great--was charged with the duty of teaching the stupidest boys the most disregarded thing--namely, to write mere English. He knew how to do it. He taught it as no one else has ever taught it. Not only did we learn English parsing thoroughly, but we also practised continually English analysis. Mr. Somervell had a system of his own. He took a fairly long sentence and broke it up into its components by means of black, red, blue, and green inks. Subject, verb, object: Relative Clauses, Conditional Clauses, Conjunctive and Disjunctive Clauses! Each had its colour and its bracket. It was a kind of drill. We did it almost daily. As I remained in the Third Form three times as long as anyone else, I had three times as much of it. I learned it thoroughly. Thus I got into my bones the essential structure of the ordinary British sentence--which is a noble thing.And when in after years my schoolfellows who had won prizes and distinction for writing such beautiful Latin poetry and pithy Greek epigrams had to come down again to common English, to earn their living or make their way, I did not feel myself at any disadvantage. Naturally I am biased in favor of boys learning English. I would make them all learn English: and then I would let the clever ones learn Latin as an honour, and Greek as a treat. But the only thing I would whip them for is not knowing English, I would whip them hard for that.(My Early Life: A Roving Commission, Thornton Butterworth [UK] and Charles Scribner's Sons [US], 1930)我在最低年级低班待了这么久【邱吉尔被编入最低年级的最低班】，比起那些更聪明的学生来，倒获得了很大的好处。他们都去学拉丁语希腊语和诸如此类的华丽丽的东西。我却学英语。因为我们太笨了，只配学英语。Mr.Somervell —— 一位很和蔼可亲，令我感激不尽的老师——负责教最愚笨的学生最受忽视的课程，即用英文写作。Mr.Somervell 懂得怎么教。他采取了与众不同的教学方法。他拿来一个长句子，用黑，红，蓝，绿各种彩笔把冗长的复句中的各种句子成分一一标示出来：主语，谓语，宾语，关系从句，条件从句，Conjunctive and Disjunctive 从句。就是一种操练，每天都练。因为我在低级低班呆的时间比别人长三倍【因为他留级】，所以我比别人多学了三遍这些东西，学的很彻底，我把英语句子的基本结构铭刻于心 —— 这是光荣的事情。几年以后，当我的那些因创作优美的拉丁文诗歌和辛辣的希腊讽刺诗而获奖成名的同学，不得不靠普通的英语来谋生或者开拓事业的时候，我一点也不觉得自己比他们差。自然我倾向让孩子们学习英语。我会首先让他们都学英语，然后再让聪明些的孩子们学习拉丁语作为一种荣耀，学习希腊语作为一种享受。但只有一件事我会强迫他们去做，那就是不能不懂英语。两个启发：英文句子结构的学习非常重要。学好母语很重要！！这是个类似 Sentence Parsing 图：

1,3-丁二烯的物质毒性

sentence

[5sentEns]

n.

句子, 判决, 宣判, 文句

vt.

宜判, 判决

sentence

sen.tence

AHD:[sµn“t…ns] 。

D.J.[6sent*ns]

K.K.[6sWnt*ns]

n.（名词）

A grammatical unit that is syntactically independent and has a subject that is expressed or, as in imperative sentences, understood and a predicate that contains at least one finite verb.。

句子：句法上独立的语法单位，它有一个需要表达、或理解的主语和一个包含至少一个限定动词的谓语，如在祈使句中。

Law

【法律】

A court judgment, especially a judicial decision of the punishment to be inflicted on one adjudged guilty.。

判决：法庭的判决，尤其指对已判决有罪的人加以处罚的法院的刑罚决定。

The penalty meted out.。

课刑：给予的刑罚

Archaic A maxim.。

【古语】 格言

Obsolete An opinion, especially one given formally after deliberation.。

【废语】 意见：意见，尤指一个人在仔细考虑后正式提出的意见。

v.tr.（及物动词）

sen.tenced,sen.tenc.ing,sen.tenc.es 【法律】

To pronounce sentence upon (one adjudged guilty).See Synonyms at condemn 。

判决：对（被判定有罪的人）宣布判决参见 condemn。

Middle English [opinion] 。

中古英语 [意见]

from Old French 。

源自 古法语

from Latin sententia 。

源自 拉丁语 sententia 。

from senti¶s sentient- [present participle of] sentºre [to feel] * see sent- 。

源自 senti¶s sentient- [] sentºre的现在分词 [感觉] *参见 sent- 。

senten“tial

AHD:[sµn-tµn“sh…l] （形容词）

senten“tially

adv.（副词）

sentence

[5sentEns]

n.

【律】判决, 宣判, 判刑

句子

【逻】命题

意见

【音】乐句

[古]名言, 格言

nominal [probationary, suspended] sentence。

缓刑

capital sentence。

极刑, 死刑

life sentence

无期徒刑

a dark sentence。

难懂的文句

sentence stress [accent]。

句子的重音

sentence word

相当于句子的单词

sentence

[5sentEns]

vt.

宣判; 判决

be sentenced to death。

被判处死刑

be sentenced for thief。

因盗窃罪被判刑

sentence-deletion。

n.

【语】(转换语法) 句省略

sentencer

n.

pass [give, pronounce] sentence upon [on] sb.。

【律】对某人判刑; [喻]对某人下判断。

serve one's sentence。

服刑

topic(al) sentence。

文章中标明段落主题的句子; 点题句。

under sentence of death。

被判处死刑

amorphous sentence。

无形态句

aphoristic sentence。

格言句

arithmetic sentence。

算术运算用句

articulate sentence。

完全句

assertive sentence。

陈述句

complete sentence。

完全句

complex sentence。

复杂句

composite sentence。

复合句

compound sentence。

并列(复合)句

conditional sentence。

条件句

confirmative sentence。

证实句

conjunctive sentence。

联合句

constituent sentence。

(转换语法)成分句

contrastive sentence。

对比句

copulative-predicative sentence。

系词谓语句

definite-personal sentence。

确定人称句

descriptive sentence。

描写句

deviant sentence。

变异句

dubitative sentence。

怀疑句

elementary sentence。

初等[基本]命题; 基本句

elementless sentence。

无要素句

embedded sentence。

内嵌句

equational sentence。

等式句

equative sentence。

等价句

exclamatory sentence。

感叹句

existential sentence。

存在句

explicative sentence。

说明句

format sentence。

格式语句

full sentence

完全句

fused-complex sentence。

溶合复合句

generalized-personal sentence。

泛指人称句

general-negationsentence。

全部否定句

holophrastic sentence。

单词语句

hypothetical sentence。

假设句

ill-formed sentence。

不合适的句子

imperative sentence。

命令句, 祈使句

impersonal sentence。

无人称句

included sentence。

被包容句

infinitival-impersonal sentence。

不定式无人称句

infinitival-nominal sentence。

不定式名词句

interjectional sentence。

感叹句

interrogative-hortative sentence。

疑问祈使句

interrogative-narrative sentence。

疑问叙述句

main sentence

主句

major sentence

主(要)句(和“小句”相对, 相当于“完全句”)。

matched sentence。

匹配的句子

matrix sentence。

(转换语法)主句, 母句

minor sentence

小句, 不完全句

monadic sentence。

单无命题

mononuclear sentence。

单部句, 单核心句

monoremic sentence。

单部句

narrative sentence。

直陈句, 陈述句

negative sentence。

否定句

negative-interrogative sentence。

否定疑句句

nominal sentence。

名词句; 静句

non-kernel sentence。

非核心句

noun sentence

名词句

occasion sentence。

情境句

one word sentence。

单词句

one-member sentence。

单部句, 单成分句

open sentence

开(语)句; 开命题; 真伪未定的命题。

opening sentence。

开首语

optative sentence。

愿望句

particular sentence。

特称语句

periodic sentence。

尾重句, 圆周句(通常指主句在最后出现的一种复合句)。

petitionary sentence。

祈求句

predicateless sentence。

无谓语句

primitive sentence。

原始(语)句

pseudo-cleft sentence。

假拟分裂句

pull-up sentence。

顿绝句(因感情冲动而使句子实然中断)。

pure dyadic sentence。

纯双元语句, 纯双元命题

pure monadic sentence。

纯一元语句, 纯一元命题

question-answer sentence。

问答句

sequential sentence。

成序列句

simple sentence。

简单句

situation sentence。

(结构语法)发端句, 环境句

sympathetic sentence。

同情句

tautologous sentence。

同义反复句

transformed sentence。

转换(出来的)句(子)

two-subjectsentence。

双主语句

unemotionalsentence。

无感情色彩句

unexpan-ded sentence。

非扩展句

verbal-infinitival sentence。

不定式动词句

well-formed sentence。

合格句

sentence of bankruptcy。

破产判决

sentence of being。

存在句

sentence of implied condition。

含蓄条件句

sentence of real condition。

真实条件句

sentence of unreal condition。

虚拟条件句

sentence

sen.tence

AHD:[sµn“t…ns] 。

D.J.[6sent*ns]

K.K.[6sWnt*ns]

n.

A grammatical unit that is syntactically independent and has a subject that is expressed or, as in imperative sentences, understood and a predicate that contains at least one finite verb.。

Law

A court judgment, especially a judicial decision of the punishment to be inflicted on one adjudged guilty.。

The penalty meted out.。

Archaic A maxim.。

Obsolete An opinion, especially one given formally after deliberation.。

v.tr.

sen.tenced,sen.tenc.ing,sen.tenc.es Law 。

To pronounce sentence upon (one adjudged guilty).See Synonyms at condemn 。

Middle English [opinion] 。

from Old French 。

from Latin sententia 。

from senti¶s sentient- [present participle of] sentºre [to feel] * see sent- 。

senten“tial

AHD:[sµn-tµn“sh…l] adj.。

senten“tially

adv.

sentence

源自拉丁词sentire察觉，感觉。引伸是：把感觉到的东西表达出来就要用“句子”→“判决”

英语中每个单词后面n,v,prep.adj,adv,pron,conj是什么意思

毒性作用试验数据编号 毒性类型 测试方法 测试对象 使用剂量 毒性作用 1 acute Inhalation Human 2000 ppm/7H 1.眼毒性Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified。

2.行为毒性Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions 2 acute Inhalation Human 8000 ppm 1.眼毒性Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - visual field changes。

2.眼毒性Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - conjunctive irritation。

3.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cough 3 acute Oral Rodent - rat 5480 mg/kg 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value 4 acute Inhalation Rodent - rat 285 gm/m3/4H 1.行为毒性Behavioral - general anesthetic。

2.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression 5 acute Oral Rodent - mouse 3210 mg/kg 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value 6 acute Inhalation Rodent - mouse 270 gm/m3/2H 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value 7 acute Inhalation Rodent - rabbit 25 pph/23M 1.眼毒性Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - mydriasis (pupillary dilation)。

2.行为毒性Behavioral - tremor。

3.行为毒性Behavioral - muscle weakness 8 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - rat 1000 ppm/6H/13W-I 1.肝毒性Liver - changes in liver weight。

2.肾、输尿管和膀胱毒性Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight 9 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - rat 1000 ppm/6H/1Y-I 1.肝毒性Liver - changes in liver weight。

2.慢性病相关毒性Related to Chronic Data - death 10 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - rat 2200 mg/m3/4H/17W-I 1.血液毒性Blood - leukopenia。

2.生化毒性Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - lipids including transport。

3.生化毒性Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - other proteins 11 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - rat 8000 ppm/6H/2Y-I 1.行为毒性Behavioral - ataxia。

2.肾、输尿管和膀胱毒性Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight。

3.慢性病相关毒性Related to Chronic Data - death 12 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - mouse 1250 ppm/6H/14W-I 1.慢性病相关毒性Related to Chronic Data - death 13 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - mouse 1250 ppm/6H/6W-I 1.血液毒性Blood - normocytic anemia。

2.血液毒性Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified)。

3.血液毒性Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count 14 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - mouse 1250 ppm/6H/24W-I 1.血液毒性Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells。

2.血液毒性Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count。

3.血液毒性Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count 15 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - mouse 8000 ppm/6H/15D-I 1.营养和代谢系统毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain 16 MutipleDose Inhalation Rodent - rabbit 100 mg/m3/4H/17W-I 1.免疫系统毒性Immunological Including Allergic - decrease in cellular immune response。

2.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase 17 Mutation 　Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium 20 pph/20H (Continuous) 　18 Mutation 　Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium 2 pph 　19 Mutation 　Human Lymphocyte 500 umol/L 　20 Mutation Inhalation Rodent - mouse 6250 ppb/6H/13W (Intermittent) 　21 Mutation Inhalation Rodent - mouse 500 ppm/6H/5D (Continuous) 　22 Mutation Inhalation Rodent - mouse 125 ppm/6H (Continuous) 　23 Mutation Inhalation Rodent - mouse 200 ppm/5D/6H (Continuous) 　24 Mutation Inhalation Rodent - mouse 625 ppm/6H/10D (Intermittent) 　25 Mutation Inhalation Rodent - mouse 6250 ppb/6H/10D (Intermittent) 　26 Mutation Inhalation Rodent - mouse 1250 ppm/6H/10W (Intermittent) 　27 Mutation 　Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte 20 pph 　28 Mutation Inhalation Rodent - mouse 625 ppm/6H/2W (Intermittent) 　29 Mutation Inhalation Rodent - mouse 130 ppm/5D/6H (Continuous) 　30 Mutation Inhalation Rodent - mouse 500 ppm/6H/5D (Continuous) 　31 Mutation 　Rodent - hamster Ovary 25 umol/L 　32 Tumorigenic Inhalation Rodent - rat 625 ppm/6H/61W 1.致癌性Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria。

2.心脏毒性Cardiac - tumors。

3.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors 33 Tumorigenic Inhalation Rodent - mouse 625 ppm/6H/13W-I 1.致癌性Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria。

2.嗅觉毒性Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors。

3.心脏毒性Cardiac - tumors 34 Tumorigenic Inhalation Rodent - rat 1000 ppm/6H/2Y-I 1.致癌性Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria。

2.皮肤和附件毒性Skin and Appendages - tumors 35 Tumorigenic Inhalation Rodent - rat 8000 ppm/6H/2Y-I 1.致癌性Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria。

2.胃肠道毒性Gastrointestinal - tumors。

3.内分泌毒性Endocrine - thyroid tumors 36 Tumorigenic Inhalation Rodent - rat 8000 ppm/6H/15W-I 1.致癌性Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria。

2.内分泌毒性Endocrine - tumors 37 Tumorigenic Inhalation Rodent - mouse 200 ppm/40W-I 1.致癌性Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria。

2.胃肠道毒性Gastrointestinal - tumors 38 Tumorigenic Inhalation Rodent - rat 8000 ppm/6H/2Y-I 1.致癌性Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria。

2.内分泌毒性Endocrine - thyroid tumors。

3.皮肤和附件毒性Skin and Appendages - tumors 39 Tumorigenic Inhalation Rodent - mouse 625 ppm/6H/65W-I 1.致癌性Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria。

2.眼毒性Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - tumors。

3.心脏毒性Cardiac - tumors 40 Tumorigenic Inhalation Rodent - mouse 63 ppm/6H/2Y-I 1.致癌性Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria。

2.血管毒性Vascular - tumors。

3.肝毒性Liver - tumors 41 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - rat 8000 ppm/6H,female 6-15 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system 42 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - mouse 500 ppm/6H,male 5 day(s) pre-mating 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct。

2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - cytological changes (including somatic cell genetic material) 43 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - mouse 1000 ppm/6H,female 6-15 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)。

2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - extra-embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord)。

3.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) 44 Reproductive Inhalation Rodent - mouse 1000 ppm/6H,female 6-15 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Maternal Effects - uterus, cervix, vagina。

什么是子句? 详细,带例句

这些字母指的是英语的词类，主要有以下一些：

adj- adjective形容词 。

adv-adverb副词

n.- noun名词

art.-- article冠词 。

prep- preposition介词 。

conj--conjunction连词 。

vt. 及物动词

vi. 不及物动词

pron ---pronoun代词 。

interj--interjection感叹词 。

num---numeral数词 。

v. aux.---助动词

英语中都有哪十大词类？

定义

子句是一组包含一个主词和一个动词的关连字。子句与片语有明显的不同，后者为一组不含主词与动词关系的关连字，如 "in the morning" 或 "running down the street" 或 "having grown used to this harassment." 。

我们讨论子句时会用到的字

基本上，我们将子句分为独立子句 (independent clauses)和从属子句 (dependent clauses)；这意谓有些子句可以单独存在，有些则不行。独立子句又称为主要主句 (main clauses 或 principal clauses)，而从属子句又称为附属子句 (subordinate clauses)--意谓附属子句必须依附主要主句才能存在。附属子句是由附属连接词 (subordinating conjunction，又称从属字 dependent word：如 because, and, but, yet, so 等 ) 来产生。

请注意一个独立子句在同一组字以一个从属字做开头时如何变成附属子句，如 "She is older than her brother" 变成 "Because she is older than her brother, she tells him what to do." 。

子句也被分为限定子句 (restrictive clauses) 与非限定子句 (nonrestrictive clauses)。有两个字有时也被用来分别表达跟 restrictive 和 nonrestrictive 相同的意思，那就是 「必要」(essential) 和「非必要」( nonessential)。一个非限定子句对句子的意思并非必要，它可从句子中移除而不会改变句子的基本意思。 非限定子句通常用一个逗点与句子的其他部分分开，或者前后各用一个逗点分开 (如果它是放在句子中间的话)。

Professor Villa, who used to be a secretary for the President, can type 132 words a minute. 。

请再参考 "Which Vs. That" 以进一步了解限定与非限定子句之间的不同，及这些子句如何加标点符号。

关系子句 (relative clauses) 是由一个关系代名词 (relative pronoun：that, which, whichever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, of which等) 所引导的附属子句。关系子句可以是限定或非限定子句。读者可以参考「逗点的使用规则」，裨在决定关系子句是限定子句或非限定子句，以及是否使用逗点来将它们与句子的其他部分分开时，可以获得更多的协助。在关系子句中，关系代名词是动词的主词 (记住：所有子句都有主词与动词的关系)且与该子句前面的人事物有关。

Tom said that the plantar wart, which had been bothering him for years, had to be removed. 。

(在这个句子中，以黄色表示的子句为一限定子句，即必要子句 [名词子句]，不可以用逗点分开；而加底线的关系子句 [修饰 "wart"]为非限定子句，即非必要子句 [可以自句子中移除而不会改变句子的意思]，则用逗点分开。)。

精减子句 (Elliptical clauses)：见下面的说明。

独立子句 (Independent Clauses) 。

独立子句可做为单独的句子存在，只是当它们与其他子句分离而单独存在时，它们通常被称为句子，而不叫子句。我们必须学会辨认子句并知道一个子句何时可以做为独立子句，这有助於我们写出正确的句子。例如，在下面的句子中，

Bob didn't mean to do it, but he did it anyway. 。

我们有两个独立子句-- "Bob didn't mean to do it" 和 "he did it anyway" --它们被一个逗点和一个对等连接词 ("but") 连接起来。

当然啦！我们也必须学会将两个或两个以上的独立子句结合为一个较长句子的技巧。例如，如果在上面的句子中，"but" 被拿掉，那麼这个句子就被称为逗点谬误 (comma splice)：两个独立子句之间仅用一个逗点来连接。再者，一长串结构与长度相似的子句会让人觉得单调乏味，导致所谓 "Dick and Jane" (小学一年级学生的造词造句；又称 primer language__详细解释请参见英文资料库之教育学术大酱缸)。因此，我们要避免小学生式的造词造句。此时若能了解两个独立子句之间的标点符号，对你应该也有帮助。

子句系利用三种不同的方式来结合：对等、附属及使用分号 (；)。对等 (coordination) 是指以一个对等连接词 (and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so)来结合独立子句。利用这种方式连接的子句在长度和意思 (import) 上通常具有良好的对等。

Ramonita thought about joining the church choir, but she never talked to her friends about it. 。

附属 (subordination) 是指利用一个附属连接词 (有时称为附属字) 或一个关系代名词将其中一个子句变成附属子句。当某一子句系以附属或从属字做开头时,他就不再是独立子句；它被称为附属或从属子句，因为它的意思系依附独立子句而定。我们还可利用其他方法来结合子句，如将独立子句变成各种修饰用的片语。

Although Ramonita often thought about joining the choir, she never talked about to her friends about it. 。

Ramonita never talked to her friends about joining the choir, because she was afraid they would make fun of her. 。

Yasmin is Ramonita's sister. Yasmin told Ramonita to join the choir no matter what her friends said. 。

利用关系子句来结合：

Yasmin, [who is] Ramonita's sister, told Ramonita to join the choir... 。

分号 (semicolon) 可以在连接副词 (conjunctive adverb，亦称语气转折字 transitional expression：however, moreover, nevertheless 等) 的协助下 (但也可以不必藉助於连接副词) 连接两个独立子句。但分号应尽量少用，而且只有当两个独立子句在长度和意思上关系非常密切且具有良好的对等关系时才使用.。

Ramonita has such a beautiful voice; many couples have asked her to sing at their wedding. 。

Ramonita's voice has a clear, angelic quality; furthermore, she clearly enjoys using it. 。

从属子句 (Dependent Clauses) 。

从属子句不能单独存在。它们必须与独立子句结合，成为一个可以单独存在的句子的一部份。与独立子句不同的是，附属子句系被用来在句子中担任不同的功能。它们可以当名词用或当修饰语用。根据它们在句子中的功能，我们可以分类出三种基本的从属子句。请记住：一个从属子句一定包含一个主词和一个动词，但它不能单独存在。

副词子句 (adverb clauses) 提供有关主要子句「到底怎麼回事」的资讯：where, when, why。 "When the movie is over, we'll go downtown." 或 "John wanted to write a book because he had so much to say about the subject." 。

形容词子句 (adjective clauses) 的功用有如多字的形容词。 "My brother,。

who is an engineer, figured it out for me." 或 "The bridge that collapsed in the winter storm will cost millions to replace." 。

名词子句 (noun clauses) 具备名词的所有功能。 "What he knows [主词] is no concern of mine." or "Do you know what he knows [受词]?" 或 "What can you tell me about what he has done this year [介系词 "about" 的受词]?" 。

1.名词子句当主词 What they did with the treasure remains a mystery. 。

Whatever you want for dessert is fine with me. 。

That you should feel this way about her came as a great surprise to us. 。

2.名词子句当受词 Juan finally revealed what he had done with the money. 。

Her husband spent whatever she had saved over the years. 。

I don't know what I should do next. 。

3.名词子句当介系词的受词 In fact, he wrote a book about what he had done over the years. 。

We are interested in what he does for a living. 。

4.名词子句当述语主格 (predicate nominative) -- 即主词补语 The trouble was that they had never been there before. 。

The biggest disappointment of last season was that the 。

women's team didn't make it to the final four. 。

5.形容词子句 My brother, who now teaches math in a small college, never liked math in high school. 。

The dealership that sold more cars ended up actually losing money. 。

The Federated Bank, which was founded nearly two 。

centuries ago, folded during the state's economic crisis. 。

6.副词子句 The team had fallen behind by ten points before they were able to figure out the opponent's defense. 。

Since he started working nights, he doesn't see much of his kids. 。

While Josie sat inside watching television, Gladys shoveled the driveway. 。

精减子句 (Elliptical Clauses) 。

精减子句是文法不完整的子句，因为它们省略了通常用来引导这种子句的关系代名词 (从属字) 或一项比较中第二部分的述语 (predicate)。精减子句中省略的部分可以从上下文中猜测出来，而大多数读者也不知道什麼东西不见了。事实上，精减子句被视为一种有用且正确的子句，即使在正式的文章中亦然，因为它们通常是优雅和有力的表达方式。在下面的句子中，被省略的字用括号括起来。

Coach Rodman knew [that] this team would be the best [that] she had coached in recent years. 。

Though [they were] sometimes nervous on the court, her recruits proved to be hard workers. 。

Sometimes the veterans knew the recruits could play better than they [could play]. 。

Which Vs. That 。

Which 这个字可被用来引导限定子句与非限定子句，不过许多写作者仅用它来引导非限定子句；That 这个字只能被用来引导限定子句。看看下面这两个句子之间到底有什麼不同：

"The garage that my uncle built is falling down." 。

"The garage, which my uncle built, is falling down." 。

无论在什麼地方，当我说出第一个句子时，听的人一定都确切知道我讲的是那个车库 -- 我伯父所盖的车库。然而，在第二个句子中，我必须说出车库的位置，如在我家的后院，同时指著该倒塌的车库。换言之，"that 子句" 已提供你需要的资讯，否则你将不知道我讲的是那个车库 (所以不需要逗点，也不可以有逗点)；"which 子句" 则提供非必要、附加的资讯 (所以需要逗点)。顺便一提的是，若干写作者坚持 that 这个字不能用来指人，但在这些人未被指名道姓的情况中，这种用法是可以的。

The students that study most usually do the best.。

(但我们这样写 "The Darling children, who have enrolled in the Lab School, are doing well." 也没有错)。

原文地址：http://www.qianchusai.com/conjunctive-140.html