pilloried

请例举一些有趣而且常用的美国俚语,谢谢

Charles Chaplin made Limelight at the most troubled period of his adult career. In the late 1940s, America¹s Cold War paranoia reached its peak, and Chaplin, as a foreigner with liberal and humanist sympathies, was a prime target for political witch-hunters. It did not help that he had recently been cited in an unseemly paternity suit. Pilloried as he was by the right-wing press and reactionary institutions like the American Legion, it seemed that America had turned against the man it had once idolised.。

In this atmosphere, his 1947 film, Monsieur Verdoux, with its sardonic view of war, was attacked as being anti-American. Not surprisingly, then, in choosing his next subject he deliberately sought escape from disagreeable contemporary reality. He found it in bitter-sweet nostalgia for the world of his youth - the world of the London music halls at the opening of the 20th century, where he had first discovered his genius as an entertainer.。

His story concerns a once-famous comedian who has lost the ability to command his audience. Chaplin said that he based the character on real-life stage personalities whom he had seen lose their gifts and their public - the American black-face comedian Frank Tinney (1878-1940) and the Spanish clown Marceline (1873-1927) with whom he had himself worked as a boy. Clearly he was also thinking of his own present bitter experience of a faithless public.。

Chaplin spent more than two years writing Limelight. His method was remarkable, and unique in his work. As a preliminary, he wrote the story in the form of a full-length novel - some 100,000 words long and entitled "Footlights". The novel - never published or apparently even intended for publication - relates the story as it appears in the finished film, but in addition includes two separate biographies of Calvero and Terry, detailing their lives before the action of the film proper begins.。

What makes these biographies so remarkable is that we can trace in them a great deal of extended autobiography, as Chaplin quite openly introduces episodes from his own life and those of his parents. Just like Chaplin¹s own father, Calvero is devastated when he discovers his wife¹s infidelity and drifts into alcoholism. In the novel, Calvero even dies in the same hospital - St Thomas’ on the banks of the Thames - where Charles Chaplin Senior died in 1901 at the age of only 37.。

The character of Terry, the young dancer, was equally clearly based on Chaplin’s mother, Hannah, though with reminiscences too of Chaplin’s first and never forgotten love, Hetty Kelly.。

Claire Bloom, who plays Terry, remembered that in rehearsing her, Chaplin was always recalling gestures of his mother or Hetty, and the clothes they wore. With this strong underlay of nostalgia, Chaplin was at pains to evoke as accurately as possible the London he remembered from half a century before. In this he was helped by the great Russian-born designer, Eugene Lourié, who remodelled a set on the Paramount lot to look like a Victorian London street. A permanent setting of a theatre at RKO-Pathe was decorated to look like the Empire Theatre, London’s grandest music hall.。

For the climactic scene Chaplin planned a ballet, in which Claire Bloom - not a dancer herself - was doubled by Melissa Hayden, a star of the New York City Ballet. Since the coming of sound films, Chaplin had always composed his own music scores, with the assistance of arrangers. Exceptionally, the music for the ballet - 25 minutes, though it was reduced in the final film - had to be composed in advance. Chaplin was relieved when Melissa Hayden and her partner and fellow star André Eglevsky assured him that the music was suitable for choreography. The "Limelight theme" was to remain one of Chaplin’s best-loved compositions; and in 1972, twenty years after the film’s first release, he and his musical collaborators Ray Rasch and Larry Russell were awarded a belated Oscar for "Best Original Dramatic Score".。

The beautiful, 20-year-old English stage actress Claire Bloom was chosen to play Terry after much soul-searching; and Chaplin’s son Sydney was given the secondary male role. Perhaps it was a comfort in these difficult days - and an element of the nostalgia - to have his family around him: four other children and his half-brother Wheeler Dryden also played in the film, and even his young wife Oona doubled for Claire Bloom in two brief shots. Though Chaplin’s public life was beset by problems, the shooting of Limelight at least was trouble-free and completed in 55 shooting days an exceptional standard of economy for Chaplin’s feature productions. The premiere was, appropriately, held in London on 16 October 1952. In Chaplin¹s absence, open official hostility in America escalated to a point where he decided not to return to "that unhappy country". Thereafter he made his permanent residence in Europe. At that moment Chaplin believed that Limelight would be his last film. It was not: but if it had proved so, this exercise in nostalgia and family autobiography would have been a fitting conclusion to his career.。

英语词义辨析 stain blemish

1.面包商的一打

指十二个的「打」字是英文dozen的音译，大概没有甚么人不知道了；可是a baker's dozen（面包商的一打）却不是十二个，而是十三个。为甚么呢？

据说，从前英国不少面包商偷斤减两，政府于是宣布严厉对付。一般面包商担心受罚，实行把十三个面包当做一打卖，这样，面包重量就保证只多不少了。所以，a baker's dozen指的是十三个，例如：There they sell cakes by the baker's dozen（他们那里的糕饼是以十三个做一打卖的）。

Baker's dozen有时也叫做devil's dozen（魔鬼的一打），因为根据中古迷信，女巫要凑足十三人才可以半夜聚会。另一个比devil's dozen流行的说法是long dozen——这里的long当然是「比正常标准多」的意思。

2.无须理会骨头

Make no bones about something是毫无顾忌或毫不犹豫做一件事的意思，这是不少人都知道的了；可是，这个成语直译无非「无须理会骨头」。究竟骨头和犹豫、顾忌等有甚么关系呢？目前有两个说法。

一个说法是：这成语源于喝汤。汤里没有骨头，喝时就可以毫无顾忌，一下子喝下去了。

另一个说法是：这成语源于赌博。从前骰子不少是用骨做的，有些掷骰子的人，掷出之前会一再祈祷求幸运之神眷顾；有些则十分爽快，拿起骰子就掷出去，毫不犹豫。

上面两个说法，到底哪一个正确，是没法稽考的了。而make no bones about something这成语现在一般也不是用来说喝汤或掷骰子，例如：Henry made no bones about criticizing his friend（亨利毫不客气批评他的朋友）。

3.戴维·琼斯的箱子

我国有一个《杜十娘怒沉百宝箱》故事；这个百宝箱，今天应该还在水底陪着那位错爱无义汉的烟花女，只是烟花女的软玉温香恐怕已经化作惨白骷髅了。

英国人据说也有一个沉在水底的箱子：Davy Jones's locker（戴维·琼斯的箱子）。有人说，戴维·琼斯是个海盗，和箱子一起沉到海底淹死了，然则那箱子大概也是个百宝箱吧？不过，也有人说，Davy出于西印度群岛土语的duppy一字，duppy是「妖魔」的意思，Davy Jones就是海魔的名字。无论如何，现在人们说go to Davy Jones's locker（去到戴维·琼斯的箱子那里）就是指「沉于海底」或「淹死」，例如：He let go and the urn went to Davy Jones's locker（他一松手，骨灰瓮就沉到海里去了）。

4.公开羞辱的枷架

新加坡法庭批准电视台播映非礼案的认罪过程，希望这种公开羞辱办法使人知所鉴戒，有助遏止罪行。这样公开羞辱人家，英文叫做pillory somebody或nail/set/put somebody in the pillory。

Pillory有点像我国古代的枷，戴枷示众不是古时中国独有的刑罚，西方也有。西方的枷架是固定在公共场所的，犯人给枷号着站在那里任人观看，可谓极尽羞辱能事了。当时，枷刑主要是用来对付犯了诽谤罪的人，《鲁宾逊漂流记》作者迪福也曾经枷号示众。这种刑罚英国一八三七年废除了，美国一九零五年也废除了，只是今天我们还常常借用pillory的意思来说「公开羞辱」，例如：He was pilloried (或 He was nailed/set /put in the pillory) for his ignoble behaviour（他行为卑鄙，给钉在公开羞辱的枷架上了）。

5.剩菜袋

「惜食惜衣，非为惜财原惜福；求名求利，但须求己莫求人。」这是我国一副很有名的对联，可惜真正惜食的中国人似乎不多。不少人上菜馆吃饭，不吃剩一些就觉得寒酸，更不要说叫侍应包起来拿回家吃了。

英国人没有甚么「惜食」名言，但一般都懂得惜食，上菜馆吃饭，吃剩的会叫侍应给他们用袋盛起来。这种剩菜袋，英文叫做doggie/doggy bag。

按doggie/doggy即dog（狗），是小儿用语，一如birdie、piggy等是bird（鸟）、pig（猪）的小儿说法。剩菜据说是拿回家给狗吃的，所以剩茶袋就叫做doggy bag。不过，把剩菜拿回家之后，自己吃的人其实不少。这些人当然不甘心自比作狗，于是，现在开始有人doggie/doggy bag改称为people bag了。

哪位才子能把这段帮我翻译一下，翻译的快可追加分数，急用！！

stain可做及物或不及物动词。

blemish可做及物动词和名词。

stain

及物动词 vt. & 不及物动词 vi.。

1.(使)染色

Does this material stain easily?。

这种料子容易染色吗?

Stain the table before you varnish it.。

先给桌子着色, 然后才能上清漆。

He stained the wood brown.。

他给木头涂上了褐色。

2.褪色, 变污

White clothes stain quickly.。

白色衣服会很快弄脏。

His crimes stained the family honour.。

他的罪行玷污了家庭的名誉。

及物动词 vt.

1.玷污，败坏（名声）

blemish

及物动词 vt.

1.有损…的完美, 玷污

His reputation was blemished by that article.。

他的名声被那篇文章玷污了。

名词 n.

1.(身体的)瘢点;伤疤

There wasn’t a blemish on his body.。

他身上一块疤也没有。

The police say the suspect has a slight blemish on his left cheek.。

警方说嫌犯的左颊上有一小块疤痕。

2.瑕疵, 污点

He was pilloried, but she escaped without blemish.。

他受到公众的批评，她却名声未损地得以逃脱。

英语笔译能力综合2级教科书采用insist in doing sth，是否语法错误

若干地区有效的比较是值得考虑的，首先提到的是对两个体制基本职能的执行。两者都是服务的提供者，无论直接或间接地在直接提供服务的地方当局的这两个国家的民主机构为治理地方优先权和实施本地需求。两者都是使中央政府负担得以缓解的必不可少的机制，在对此的服务中许多预计将在中央层面上提供并帮助其合法化作出决议。值得提出的是在这两个国家中央政府在地方政府之上推出了大量强制性的服务。并且财政的提高和用尽显示出了当地政府财政上的铺张浪费。在两个国家，地方政府体制都有着庞大的支出：比如在英国，1962年到1974年之间，政府支出占国内生产总值的比例从9.2％上升到了12.4％。两个系统也作为对当地政治精英的招募机构。并且二者都向中央政府提供短期的本地紧急支援。

请高手翻译 谢谢。

And now he was being further pilloried because he had insisted on keeping his "word of honor" to the donors, all good friends and respected citizens. Not to reveal their names.。

是 insisted on。。。。

原文地址：http://www.qianchusai.com/pilloried.html