stifle【vt. 使窒息,扼杀,扑灭,抑制。
The gas stifled them.。
他们被煤气熏得透不过气来。
The smoke filled the room and almost stifled the firemen.。
屋里浓烟弥漫呛得消防队员喘不过气来。
We should stifle it in the cradle before it becomes worse.。
我们应该在事态变坏前就把它扼杀在萌芽期。
She tried hard to stifle her laughter.。
她强忍住笑。
vi. 窒息
I am stifling in this close room.。
在这个窄狭的房间里面我感到憋闷。
n. (马的)后膝关节】
suffocate【vt. 使窒息, 使缺氧, 阻碍。
vi. 窒息, 窒息而亡, 阻碍发展】
suffocate可以用及物也可以用不及物,而stifle却不行。
smother【vt. 1. 使窒息,使透不过气来;把...闷死 2. (用灰等)闷熄;闷住(火)[(+with)] 3....。
vi. 1. 窒息;闷死 2. 被掩饰;被抑制;被扼杀 。
n. 1. 令人窒息的浓烟(或雾气、尘埃等)[the S] 2. 窒息状态;被抑制状态 。
】
这三个词要说最大的差别就是他们的词性还有虽然都表窒息死亡的意思但导致窒息的方法不同。
天使之城
演员
尼古拉斯·凯奇Nicolas
Cage
.....Seth
梅格·瑞恩Meg
Ryan
.....Maggie
Rice
Andre
Braugher
.....Cassiel
Dennis
Franz
.....Nathaniel
Messinger
Colm
Feore
.....Jordan
Ferris
Robin
Bartlett
.....Anne
Joanna
Merlin
.....Teresa
Messinger
Sarah
Dampf
.....Susan
Rhonda
Dotson
.....Susan's
Mother
Nigel
Gibbs
.....Doctor
John
Putch
.....Man
in
Car
Lauri
Johnson
.....Woman
in
Car
Christian
Aubert
.....Foreign
Visitor
in
Car
Jay
Patterson
.....Air
Traffic
Controller
Shishir
Kurup
.....Jimmy,
Anes
天使之城剧照
thesiologist
Brian
Markinson
.....Tom,
Surgical
Fellow
Hector
Velasquez
.....Scrub
Nurse
Marlene
Kanter
.....Circulating。
Nurse
#1
Bernard
White
.....Circulating。
Nurse
#2
Dan
Desmond
.....Mr.
Balford
Deirdre
O'Connell
.....Mrs.
Balford
Kim
Murphy
.....Balford's
Daughter
Chad
Lindberg
.....Balford's
Son
Alexander
Folk
.....Convenience。
Store
Clerk
Rainbow
Borden
.....Holdup
Man
Harper
Roisman
.....Old
Man
in
Library
Sid
Hillman
.....Librarian
Wanda-Lee
Evans
.....Nurse
in
Messinger's
Room
Wanda
Christine
.....Station
Nurse
E.J.
Callahan
.....Waiter
at
Johnnie's
Tudi
Roche
.....Messinger's。
Daughter
David
Moreland
.....Frank,
Messinger's
Son-in-Law
Kristina
Malota
.....Hannah,
Messinger's
Granddaughter
William
Stanford
Davis
.....Construction。
Foreman
(as
Stan
Davis)
Mik
Scriba
.....Construction。
Worker
Nick
Offerman
.....Construction。
Worker
Kieu
Chinh
.....Asian
Woman
(as
Kieu-Chinh)
Geoffrey
Thorne
.....Big
Orderly
(as
Geoffrey
A.
Thorne)
Peter
Spellos
.....Mack
Truck
Driver
Jim
Kline
.....Store
Clerk
Cherene
Snow
.....Sewing
Woman
Keaton
Tyndall
.....Hannah's
尼古拉斯·凯奇
Friend
Kylie
Tyndall
.....Hannah's
Friend
Andrew
Frankel
.....Medic
(uncredited)
亚历山大·古尔德Alexander。
Gould
.....Little
Boy
(uncredited)
Antonio
LaBell
.....Angel
(uncredited)
伊丽莎白·苏Elisabeth。
Shue
.....Pregnant
Woman
(uncredited)
如果对自己的记忆力充满信心,不是就能大大增强记忆力吗!
形象控制法就是抓住身心轻松愉快和树立信心这两个关键点,进行提高记忆力的训练。
形象控制法的训练步骤和具体要求:
形象控制法分为准备阶段和四步练习。
准备阶段,就是要明确目的。
首先要明确你想要提高记忆力的目的是什么,实际要求是什么,要既明确又具体。
做到这一点是不容易的,许多练习者往往口答得很笼统,他们说:“我的目的就是想要提高记忆力。”这样回答不行,不会收到良好的训练效果。必须有具体而实际的要求。这一步是提高记忆力训练以前必须做的,所以我们称它为准备工作。
要做到目的明确,就要认真地对自己作一番分析:如自己想做什么事情,想成为一个什么样的人,想得到什么。为了达到上述各点,需要什么样的必要条件。自己具备了什么样的能力,而哪些能力还不够。
不同类型的人目的是不一样的。一般说,学生和老师的目的有区别,不同年级的学生具体目的也不一样。同一年级的学生各人情况有别,其目的也有差别。每人一定要明确个人的目的。例如有的学生提高记忆力的目的是:我要提高我的学习成绩,我想考上自己想慕已久的某大学的某专业;我将来想当一名科学家等等。
注意把自己的想法列举出来后,用形象思惟的方式来归纳整理,写到卡片上,用图表列出,经常看看,对自己的发展能有一个整体认识。要经常一边看图表,一边自我研究。自己到底在想些什么,要想做些什么,追求些什么,为了达到目的自己需要什么样的能力等等,准备工作做好后,下面就开始正式训练。
第一步使身心轻松舒适
首先,要把你的整个身心放松,使之处于一种轻松舒适的状态,由此使你的大脑安静下来,使疲劳的脑细胞得到休息和恢复,从而提高大脑的活力。
原则上,只要你回忆起你过去有过的“轻松舒适”的体验,那么你的身心就会处于轻松舒适状态了。
在形象控制法里,把能够使人“身心轻松舒适”的体验,叫做基本形象。把相应的练习叫做基本练习。在这一步的练习操作过程中,要注意掌握以下两方面:一是练习前的注意事项;二是练习要领。
(一)练习前的8 条注意事项 。
1.开始练习时,尽量减少外部对人体的刺激,最好把眼镜、腰带、手表、鞋等东面摘掉或松开,练习的地点应是比较安静、通风、温度和光线适中。随着练习的深入,养成了习惯,也可以坐在公共汽车上或呆在教室里等环境条件下进行练习。
2.练习开始时,最好采用标准姿势,慢慢习惯以后可以采用任何姿势来进行。:所采用的姿势不要产生不舒服的感觉,以免影响放松效果。一般采用的姿势为靠式或两种坐式。
靠式:坐在安乐椅或沙发椅上,把身体的背部和头部靠在靠垫上,使两腿平行着地,不可悬空,使腿部轻松舒适。
两个胳臂放在扶手上,手心向下,要求两肩轻松自然。两腿分开与肩的宽度相似。
坐式:采用什么样的椅于都行,用凳于也可以,或者只要有一个坐的地方。
椅于高度适宜,一般要求两脚着地而下悬空,放松两肩,头部稍向前倾,这时把身体和头部彻底的伸展一下,以消除身上的紧张感觉,这样就能取得很好的姿势。
两只手的手心向下放在大胆上,并使它们不要相互碰到。两腿自然分开处于舒适状态。
此外还可以采用站式、正座式、盘膝座式等。这要根据个人的习惯而定。
3.练习开始闭着眼睛进行,容易浮现所需要的形象,训练效果好。习惯后能够掌握形象时,可以睁着眼练习。
4.练习时一般采用平时习惯地呼吸方法,但在开始练习之前,要进行3一5次腹式呼吸,使大脑安静下来。
如何做腹式呼吸下面再介绍。
5.当你入静时,在你头脑中所出现的基本形象应当是你过去经验中最使你的身心“轻松舒畅”的那种形象。绝对不要出现与不愉快的事情相联系的那种形象。
如在美丽的草坪上舒畅的休息,愉快地沐浴着阳光,这对一般人可能是良好的感觉,但个别女孩子可能会产生怕流氓出现的不快感,引起不好的结果。所以要视个人情况而定。
6.练习的时间最好是早、中、晚三次。早晨起床后,午饭后,睡觉前,分三次练习是比较理想的。假如做不到三次,但至少一天要练习一次,平均三个月左右的练习,就能掌握形象控制法的全过程。重要的就是坚持每天练习。
每次练习时间为10一15分钟。
(-)练习的基本要领
首先,要使精神放松。
按照上述注意事项,基本姿势正确以后,把两臂和两脚尽量地向前伸出,同时用尽全身的力量,使得手脚颤动。当手脚充分的伸出以后,突然地停止用力,在这一瞬间,你马上可以感到你手脚的肌肉全部放松下来,你要抓住这种放松的感觉并保持下去。
把上述的练习再重复一次,可闭上眼做。然后马上进入腹式呼吸,微微张开嘴,把小腹的空气慢慢地吐出来,慢慢收缩小腹,把空气吐干净以后,停止呼吸一两秒钟。接着一面使小腹慢慢地鼓起,一面用鼻子静静吸人空气,吸到不能再吸为止,再停止呼吸一两秒钟。
按照腹式呼吸法重复3一5次。之后就进入到普通的舒适地呼吸方式。
然后在头脑中浮现出轻松愉快的形象。诸如:我像洗过澡那样全身都舒适轻松,我像听妈妈讲故事时那样愉快无比等等的形象。
一面浮现形象,一面心中默念2一3次:心里非常安静,心里非常安静。由于默念的促进作用,心里确实变得安静了。逐渐地整个身心都达到松弛状态,感到轻松愉快。
放松的方法还有从身体局部放松到整体放松,以及6种加深练习方法,这里就不一一介绍,一般来说只要掌握上述基本练习就行了。
第二步,在头脑中浮现出过去的良好形象。
这一步练习在头脑中要浮现出两种形象:
一是对于被记忆对象过去的良好形象。所谓被记忆对象是指练习者的练习记忆的目标,如学生提高学习成绩,提高名次等,售货员要把商品名称、价格记住;电话接线员要把有关电话号码都记住等等。提高学习成绩的良好形象如:我的数学有一次考了100分,位于全班第一名;我的一篇作文得特别好,受到老师特别表扬等等。
二是对于记忆本身过去的良好形象。所谓记忆本身是指练习者记忆力的良好形象如 :考外语前,我一天晚上能记住300个英文单词。我的把某一件事记得很清楚,虽然事隔多年。
当过去良好的形象记忆再现时,你就会产生一种“自己一定能记住”的自信心,也使你对记忆的对象产生兴趣。同时也会促使你想办法寻找一些有效的记忆策略和方法,比如我们在教材中已经讲过的:理解后记忆效果好;按照遗忘规律采用有效复习对策效果好;阅读与回忆相结合记忆效果好等等。
总之,第二步练习,你要掌握提高记忆力的三个要点。
(1).使你自信“一定能够记住”;(2).使你对记忆对象产生兴趣;(3).使你发现适合于自己特点的记忆策略和方法。
具体操作方法:
1.如果你把眼睛闭上一分钟左右,就能出现轻松舒适的感觉,才能开始进入第二步的练习。
2.在学习生活中,有关被记忆对象和记忆力本身的良好形象过去曾有许多,要把印象较深的回忆出来,并逐条记在卡片上,供选择使用。
3.在逐条写下的良好形象中,尽量选择三个或四个最近“发生的事物,印象更为深刻。
这样选择出来的良好形象,每天要在头脑中浮现5分钟左右。
第三步,在头脑中浮现出对未来的良好形象。
就是说你要在头脑中描绘出这样的形象:“记忆力的提高,是为了你的将来开辟一个美好的前途。”
例如对学生来说,可以有以下形象:
我的学习效率和学习成绩大大提高,成为成绩优秀的学生。
我将考上一个理想的高级中学,当一名优秀学生。
我将考上一个理想的大学,当一名成绩优秀的大学生。
我将考上研究生或出国研究生、博士生,啊!多有意思呀!
我将做一名出色的工程师……,我的社会地位和作用将得到社会承认,受社会尊重。
这里所谈的未来形象与准备阶段的明确目的有相同的意义。
总之,在第三步,你要掌握提高记忆力的三个要点:(1)你产生强烈的动机,(2).使你与愉快的事情相联系;(30).能够给脑细胞以刺激。
具体操作方法:
1 .这一步就是要明确你提高记忆力对将来会起什么作用,并使它在头脑里深深地扎下根。这一步应在头脑中浮现出过去的良好形象之后再进行。每次可在头脑浮现5分钟左右。
2.要把自己能够想出来的目标和作用,逐条地写下来,或制定一个“我将来的计划”,用卡片或用图表列出,将记忆力的提高与开创个人美好的未来联系在一起,效果就会更好。
3.个人的将来目标要尽量具有形象特点,并在练习中经常出现在头脑中,起激励个人的作用, ,
4.如有可能你不访实地考察,如到理想的中学或大学去参观访问,找有关的职业人员谈该职业的特点和要求等,建立更深刻的未来形象。
第四步,浮现出整体的形象。
这一步要求你要对被记忆的对象或要解决的问题作一个整体形象的浮现。如我们学一节语文课或学一章地理课,我们就要对课文的各部分结构一一形成形象,然后形成一个整体形象浮现在头脑中。
这一步能够使你了解各部分掌握的情况,对于没有浮现出来的部分就是没有掌握的部分,应对照课文重新理解认识,直到形成完整的形象为止。
这一步要求你用形象去掌握记忆对象,而不是依赖语言。用浮现整体形象的方法可以弥补语言表达的不足,印象更深刻,记忆效果好。
研究表明:用形象方法比单纯用语言进行记忆容易得多,记忆的效果好,以后回忆出记忆事物的形象时,也会轻松得多,所以,对于自己所要记忆的事物,要努力在头脑中浮现它的整体形象,这是非常重要的。
在做浮现整体形象这一步时,你要注意掌握以下几个提高记忆力的要点:1.细致地观察记忆对象;2.充分理解记忆对象的内容;3.用形象掌握记忆的对象;4.边预想结果边记忆。
(三)具体操作和注意事项:
1.做完准备阶段后,大约要用三个月时间做完前三步,当然有人可能快些,视实际效果而定。然后认真地做第四步。前几步掌握后,你还要每天练一次,作为脑体操来练习。这样对于记忆对象再采用浮现整体形象来词忆,记忆效果会大大提高。
2.形象往制法的练习不受年龄、职业的限制。
3.在做上述各步时,将提高记忆力和集中注意力结合起来。如果注意力不集中,记忆力也是不可能提高的,所以两者关系密不可分。
4.每个练习者都要联系个人的特点,找出个人的良好形象和未来的计划美景,否则是难以产生效果的。
5.如果学好《高效率学习指导》中的理论,特别是记忆部份,会有助于对形象控制法的理解,将有益于提高练习效果。
12种能增强记忆力的食品
人大脑中有无数亿个神经细胞在不停的进行着繁重的活动,科学研究证实,饮食不仅是维持生命的必需品,而且在大脑正常运转中也发挥着十分重要的作用。有些食物有助于发展人的智力,使人的思维更加敏捷,精力更为集中,甚至能够激发人的创造力和想象力。
营养保健专家研究发现,一些有助于补脑健智的食品,并非昂贵难觅,而恰恰是廉价又普通之物,日常生活随处可见。以下几种食品就对大脑十分有益,脑力劳动者、在校学生不妨经常选食。
1、牛奶。牛奶是一种近乎完美的营养品K�缓�鞍字省⒏疲�按竽运�匦璧陌被�帷ED讨械母谱钜妆蝗宋�眨�悄源�徊豢扇鄙俚闹匾�镏省4送猓��购�陨窬�赴��钟幸娴奈��谺1等元素。如果用脑过度而失眠时,睡前一杯热牛奶有助入睡。
2、鸡蛋。大脑活动功能,记忆力强弱与大脑中乙酰胆碱含量密切相关。实验证明,吃鸡的妙处在于:当蛋黄中所含丰富的卵磷脂被酶分解后,能产生出丰富的乙酰胆碱,进入血液又会很快到达脑组织中,可增强记忆力。国外研究证实,每天吃1、2只鸡蛋就可以向机体供给足够的胆碱,对保护大脑,提高记忆力大有好处。
3、鱼类。它们可以向大脑提供优质蛋白质和钙,淡水鱼所含的脂肪酸多为不饱和脂肪酸,不会引起血管硬化,对脑动脉血管无危害,相反,还能保护脑血管、对大脑细胞活动有促进作用。
4、味精。味精的主要成分是谷氨酸钠,它在胃酸的作用下可转化为谷氨酸。谷氨酸是参加人体脑代谢的唯一氨基酸,能促进智力发育,维持和改进大脑机能。常摄入些味精,对改善智力不足及记忆力障碍有帮助。由于味精会使脑内乙酰胆碱增加,因而对神经衰弱症也有一定疗效。
5、花生。花生富含卵磷脂和脑磷脂,它是神经系统所需要的重要物质,能延缓脑功能衰退,抑制血小板凝集,防止脑血栓形成。实验证实,常食花生可改善血液循环、增强记忆、延缓衰老,是名符其实的“长生果”。
6、小米。小米中所含的维生素B1和B2分别高于大米1.5倍和1倍,其蛋白质中含较多的色氨酸和蛋氨酸。临床观察发现,吃小米有防止衰老的作用。如果平时常吃点小米粥、小米饭,将益于脑的保健。
7、玉米。玉米胚中富含亚油酸等多种不饱和脂肪酸,有保护脑血管和降血脂作用。尤其是玉米中含水量谷氨酸较高,能帮助促进脑细胞代谢,常吃些玉米尤其是鲜玉米,具有健脑作用。
8、黄花菜。人们常说,黄花菜是“忘忧草”,能“安神解郁”。注意:黄花菜不宜生吃或单炒,以免中毒,以干品和煮熟吃为好。
9、辣椒。辣椒维生素C含量居各蔬菜之首,胡萝卜素和维生素含量也很丰富。辣椒所含的辣椒碱能刺激味觉、增加食欲、促进大脑血液循环。近年有人发现,辣椒的“辣”味还是刺激人体内追求事业成功的激素,使人精力充沛,思维活跃。辣椒以生吃效果更好。
10、菠菜。菠菜虽廉价而不起眼,但它属健脑蔬菜。由于菠菜中含有丰富的维生素A、C、B1和B2,是脑细胞代谢的“最佳供给者”之一。此外,它还含有大量叶绿素,也具有健脑益智作用。
11、橘子。橘子含有大量维生素A、B1和C,属典型的碱性食物,可以消除大量酸性食物对神经系统造成的危害。考试期间适量常吃些橘子,能使人精力充沛。此外,柠檬、广柑、柚子等也有类似功效,可代替橘子。
12、菠萝。菠萝含有很多维生素C和微量元素锰,而且热量少,常吃有生津、提神的作用,有人称它是能够提高人记忆力的水果。菠萝常是一些音乐家、歌星和演员最喜欢的水果,因为他们要背诵大量的乐谱、歌词和台词。
230》怎样提高记忆力及学习效率 。
在学习英语的过程当中,学生抱怨最多的就是记单词。他们经常说记不住,总是记了又忘了,这其实是一种普遍现象。现我想就这种现象谈谈我个人的一些看法。
我也学过英语,而且现在教授的还是英语。对于学习英语,我总的一个看法就是:它只能算是一种纯粹的体力劳动,而且是需要重复的体力劳动。我指的是学习英语需要反复的记忆。
记忆,就是过去的经验在人脑中的反映。它包括识记、保持、再现和回忆四个基本过程。其形式有形象记忆、概念记忆、逻辑记忆、情绪记忆、运动记忆等。
记忆的大敌是遗忘。提高记忆力,实质就是尽量避免和克服遗忘。在学习活动中只要进行有意识的锻炼,掌握记忆的规律和方法,就能改善和提高记忆力。
以下介绍的是增强记忆力的10种方法:
1、 注意力集中。记忆时只有聚精会神,专心致志,排除杂念和外界干挠,大脑皮层就会留下深刻的记忆痕迹而不容易遗忘。如果精神涣散,一心二用,就会大大降低记忆效率。
2、兴趣浓厚。如果对学习材料,知识对象索然无味,即使花再多时间,也难以记住。
3、 理解记忆。理解是记忆的基础。只有理解的东西才能记得牢、记得久。仅靠死记硬背则不容易记得住。对于重要的学习内容,如能做到理解和背诵相结合,记忆效果会更好。
4、过度学习。即对学习材料在记住的基础上,多记几遍,达到熟记、牢记的程度。
5、及时复习。遗忘的速度是先快后慢。对刚学过的知识,趁热打铁,及时温习巩固,是强化记忆痕迹,防止遗忘的有效手段。
6、经常回忆。学习时,不断进行尝试回忆,可使记忆中的错误得以纠正,遗漏得以弥补,使学习内容中的重难点记得更牢。闲暇时经常回忆过去识记的对象,也能避免遗忘。
7、视听结合。可以同时利用语言功能和视、听觉器官的功能来强化记忆,提高记忆效率。这比单一默读的效果好得多。
8、多种手段。根据情况灵活运用分类记忆、图表记忆来缩短记忆过程。或者采取编提纲、记笔记、做卡片等方法来增强记忆力。
9、最佳时间。一般来说,上午9—11时,下午3—4时,晚上7—10时为最佳记忆时间。利用上述时间来记忆重难点和学习材料,效果要好得多。
10、科学用脑。在保证营养,积极休息,进行体育锻炼等保养大脑的基础上科学用脑。只有防止过度疲劳,保持积极乐观的情绪,才能大大提高大脑的工作效率。这是提高记忆力的关键。
以上介绍的10种提高记忆力的方法的核心可以归纳为:培养兴趣、集中精神、掌握规律和方法、讲究科学原则。
在实际操作过程中,培养兴趣和集中精神主要体现在上课上。那么上课该如何集中注意力,增强学习自主性呢?我是这样来要求学生的:一是明确自己要达到的目标,使自己产生向往和追求的愿望,并强行将自己的注意力集中,时刻提醒和鞭策自己去完成任务;二是依靠自我控制和自我调节的能力,以坚强的意志与外界各种干挠作斗争,达到充耳不闻、闹中取静地超我意境。
掌握规律和方法、讲究科学原则应该贯穿于学生的整个学习过程中的。这个学习过程有三步:一是预习,二是上课,三是复习。预习是了解自己,主要是了解自己的不懂之处。
学生可以用自己独特的标志来标明这些难点。上课除了把握老师所讲的重难点之外,还应该针对自己的“空白”,敢于质疑,以达到教学相长的目的。如果每一个学生都能如此,那么讲课这种双边活动就不应该只有教师的讲,还应该有学生的问。讲到上课我还想补充一点,那就是如何做笔记。笔记不要面面俱到,因为老师的备课肯定有个重难点,所以学生的笔记也要有个重难点。上课至关重要,因为它是一个超强度的脑力活动。基本上这个过程做好了,其他的都可以迎刃而解。所以我要求学生做到各种感官一齐“运动”,亦即心到、口到、眼到、耳到、手到。因为现代心理学表明,各种感官同时参加活动,对于提高大脑工作效率极为重要。复习的作用在于“查漏补缺”。根据个体的情况,自己制定自己的复习计划。计划的主旨应该是巩固学习成果、提高学习效率。
231》怎样提高记忆力?
一、理解记忆、理解是记忆的基础,理解记忆所用时间短效果好。二、兴趣记忆。可通过编故事。做游戏。口诀,谐音等方式把枯燥的东西变得生动些。三、联想记忆。使用接近联想,关系联想和对比联想进行记忆。四、反复记忆。遗忘的规律是先快后慢。因此掌握后还要不断反复记忆。五、协同记忆。记忆过程中,手、脑、口、耳等共同参与,效果会更好。六、系统概括记忆。在对材料分析的基础上,用列表、提纲的方式把知识条理化,系统化。这样可提高记忆效果。
http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/29328104.html 。
提高学习效率的关键是记忆。记忆的方法主要有:数字记忆 谐音记忆 联想记忆 图像记忆 口诀记忆等等,这些方法在记忆时往往是综合运用的。
下面列举记忆术在生活中及各学科的应用:
1、有经验的小学教师把1--10的形状作了形象性描述,并编成一首儿歌。
内容为:
1象铅笔细长条,
2象小鸭水上漂,
3象耳朵听声音,
4象小旗随风摇,
5象秤钩来卖菜,
6象豆芽咧嘴笑,
7象镰刀割青草,
8象麻花拧一遭,
9象饭勺能盛饭,
0鸡蛋做蛋糕。
2、有个学生办事总是丢三落四的,总挨批评,他学了记忆术后,心想以后办事不再忘了。有一天,妈妈又要他去买牛奶、巧克力、咸鱼、豆腐和香肠。这一次,他灵机一动,将要买的东西与熟悉的人联系了起来:奶奶牙口不好要吃“豆腐”,爸爸下酒菜总是“咸鱼”,妈妈喜欢喝牛奶,妹妹总要巧克力,而班上一个女生经常说她最讨厌香肠。走进商店,他脑子里马上浮现出一个熟悉的面孔。想到各人的脸,他就知道要买什么,再不担心会遗忘什么了。
3、以前有位学校老师,经常用上课时间上山与和尚喝酒,上山前就给学生布置作业,让学生去做,完不成作业还要批评学生。一天,这位老师又要上山,临走要学生背育圆周率到小数点后22位。这下子把学生难住了,反复地机械背,还是背不出,大家非常苦恼害怕。有位聪明学生联想到老师喝酒,运用谐音法和形象法编一段,大家很快就背育如流,他编了个什么故事呢?先把位圆周率介绍一下:3.14159 26535 897 932 384 626。他编的故事是:山巅一寺一壶酒,尔乐苦煞吾;把酒吃,酒杀尔,杀不死,乐而乐。
这样一段故事,既形象顺口,又有意思,把一串无意义的数字联在一起搞活了。这就体现了将多种法则加以综合运用的好处,它也是人们善于灵活思考和想象结果。有人运用这种方法能熟练背圆周率一两万位,有的能背英语字词,真可谓太神奇了。
4、英语单词:change 改变。 用汉语拼音联想chang e(嫦娥) 编一个故事:“嫦娥”“改变”了对八戒的看法,同意与他结婚了。 (我想,这样与典故结合起来的奇异的故事使你再也不会忘记这个单词了)
smother 使窒息 想像一个场景:一条“蛇”(s)缠住了“妈妈”(mother),使妈妈“窒息”。
candidate 候选人 这样拆分记忆can did ate “能”(can)"做"(do的过去式)能“吃”(eat的过去式)的人,才能当“候选人”
5、马克思的生日是1818年5月5日 本来也很容易记的,但就是很容易又忘掉了。有人编个这样的故事:马克思刚出生下来就“一巴”掌“一巴”掌把那些资本家打得“呜呜”地哭。(把马克思打资本家时的场景想象一下,你再也不会忘记1818年5月5日)
6、记忆我国的行政区域省份名称:
两湖两广两河山 (湖南,湖北,广东,广西,河南,河北,山东,山西) 。
五江云贵福吉安 (新疆,黑龙江,江西,浙江,江苏,云南,贵州,福建,吉林,安徽) 。
四西二宁青甘陕 (四川,西藏,宁夏,辽宁,青海,甘肃,陕西) 。
海内台北上重天 (海南,内蒙古,台湾,北京,上海,重庆,天津) 。
香港澳门和台湾
爱我祖国好河山
记忆各省简称:
京津沪渝直辖市
蒙宁新藏桂自治
一国两制台港澳
东北三省黑吉辽
冀鲁晋 归华北
苏浙皖赣在华东
湘鄂豫 归华中
华南还有粤闽琼
川滇黔 归西南
西北还有陕甘青
7、化学金属原素:钾钙钠镁铝,锌铁锡铅氢,铜汞银铂金。
8、历史朝代:
黄尧舜禹夏商周,春秋战国乱悠悠 。
秦汉三国晋统一,南朝北朝是对头,
隋唐五代又十国,宋元明清帝王休。
上面只是举几个例子。如何让我们能快速熟练地掌握上述方法呢?
其实,几乎所有知识都可以综合运用以上方法快速记忆,得到终生难忘。关键是要熟练掌握,灵活运用。
有一款软件可以使你快速入门,软件包括:快速阅读和快速记忆两部分内容。建议你下载训练一下(试用版就可以用。下载地址见参考资料)。相信一定能快速提升你的记忆力,会改变你的一生。
就说这么多,希望你喜欢,祝你成功!
楼主 注意注意:
1 table
1.1.1 the upper surface of the table called table games, should be parallel with the horizontal rectangle, 274 meters long, 1.525 meters wide, 76 cm high to high ground.。
1.1.2 game table does not include the top side of the table.。
1.1.3 table games can be made from any material, should have the same flexibility that is standard when the ball away from the table down to 30 cm above the table, up to a high of about 23 cm.。
1.1.4 table games should be uniform was dark, dull, 2.74 meters along each side of the game together have the edge of a 2 cm wide white line, 1.525 meters each along the top edge of each race a 2 cm wide White end line.。
1.1.5 table games by the end of a line parallel to the vertical net is divided into two equal areas of Taiwan, the Taiwan area as a whole should be a whole area.。
1.1.6 doubles, the Taiwan area should be a 3 mm wide white center line, divided into two equal, "the district and a half." The center line and parallel to the line and should be seen as part of the right areas.。
Net 1.2 device
1.2.1 net installations, including the net, hanging rope net, net-chu and fixed them on the stage in the ball part of the clamp.。
1.2.2 should fly ball in the net on a rope, both ends of the rope line in 15.25 cm high vertical pillar network, the network of the outer edge of the column away from the outer edge of the left sideline for the 15.25 cm.。
1.2.3 net throughout the game away from the top of the table 15.25 cm.。
1.2.4 net as a whole should be close to the bottom of the table match, the two ends of the column should be close to the net.。
1.3 ball
1.3.1 ball for a ball, with a diameter of 38 mm.。
1.3.2 ball weight 2.5 grams.。
1.3.3 Application of the ball game Lulu, or similar material, white, yellow or orange and matte.。
1.4 racket
1.4.1 racket size, shape and weight are not limited, but the floor should be smooth, hard.。
1.4.2 thickness of the floor at least 85% of the natural wood floor to strengthen the bonding layer can be used such as carbon fiber, fiberglass or compressed paper fiber material, each layer adhesion does not exceed the total thickness of the floor, or 7.5% 0.35 mm.。
1.4.3 used to hitting the applied side to shoot a layer of particles out of the ordinary particles plastic cover, together with the thickness of the adhesive is not more than 2 mm; or particles inside or outside of the sponge rubber covering, together with the adhesive, the thickness of non - More than 4 mm.。
1.4.3.1 "ordinary plastic particles" is not a bubble of natural rubber or synthetic rubber, the particles must be not less than every 10 square centimeters, 50 more than the average density of the entire surface.。
1.4.3.2 "sponge rubber" that is, in a layer of foam rubber, plastic covered with a layer of ordinary particles, the thickness of the plastic particles generally not more than 2 millimeters.。
1.4.4 should cover the entire surface film, but not exceed its marginal. Paibing close to some of the finger, as well as they may be holding some of the coverage, can also be used for any material covered.。
1.4.5 floor, mezzanine floor any, as well as cover for the adhesive layer should be a uniform thickness as a whole.。
1.4.6 racket on both sides with or without the cover must be dull, and for a bright red, black on the other side. Making body on the edge of the package should be dull side may not be white.。
1.4.7 as a result of the accident damage, wear or fade, resulting in the surface film as a whole and the color consistency on the minor differences. Did not change significantly as long as the film's surface properties, can be allowed to use.。
1.4.8 match at the beginning of the process of competition and the athletes need to be replaced racket, it is important to the other party to the referee and he will have to demonstrate the use of the racket, and allow them to check.。
1.5 Definition
1.5.1 "Round": the ball is in a state of the game for some time.。
1.5.2 "Department ball game," from the service, the ball was intended to toss up, still in the hand not holding the hands of the moment. Round the scoring or sentenced to serve.。
1.5.3 "severe service": no sub-contracting of the round.。
1.5.4 "a": sub-contractor of the round.。
1.5.5, "picking hands": the racket hand is holding.。
1.5.6, "they are not afraid of hands": not holding the racket hand.。
1.5.7 "hit" by holding hands in the hands of the executive wrists racket or part of the following ball.。
1.5.8 "block": hitting each other after the game in the state have not yet touched the ball side of the Taiwan area did not exceed the table games or end line, that is, the touch of the athletes to wear or any of the items.。
1.5.9 "made the players": a round, the first batter of the athletes.。
1.5.10, "then made the players: a round, the second batter of the athletes.。
1.5.11 "referee: Management has been designated a game,。
1.5.12 "assistant referee": in some areas are designated to assist the work of the referees.。
1.5.13 athletes, "wearing a belt or" any items, including a round he started to wear or take any items.。
1.5.14 ball from the outside to highlight Taiwan's device under the net or outside or back of the net after the ball crossed the ball rebound over the net, should be treated as if it had "more than bypass or" net device.。
1.5.15 of the table, "end line" end line, including both ends of the unlimited extension of the line.。
1.6 legal service。
1.6.1 serve, the ball should be placed on non-enforcement of clapping hands, with open palm and shen-ping. The ball is still in service to the end line and after the game together on the surface of the water level.。
1.6.2 made the players have to hand the ball toss up almost vertically, so that can not spin the ball and the ball in the left hand not holding the hands of not less than 16 centimeters after rise.。
1.6.3 When the ball toss from the highest point down, the players can be hit, the ball hit the first side of the Taiwan area, and then crossed the ball to bypass the network or device, and then touch the players made the Taiwan area. In the doubles, hit the ball should have made the players and then players made the right area.。
1.6.4 drop from the stationary ball before the final moment to the ball, racket ball and the game should be above the level of the table.。
1.6.5 ball, the ball should be in service to the end line, but it can not be made the players more than the body (arms, legs or head except for) the farthest away from the end line.。
1.6.6 serve athletes, the responsibility to let the referee or umpire to see whether he was vice in accordance with legal provisions serve serve.。
1.6.6.1 If the referees made the players doubt the correctness of a service action, and his deputy or the judge can not be sure that the action does not serve the legitimate, this game is the first time, the referee issued a warning to the players and No sub-contracting.。
1.6.6.2 At the same game, if athletes serve once again the correctness of action under suspicion, no matter whether for the same reason, no warning and sentenced to a loss.。
1.6.6.3 whether or not the first time or at any time as long as the players made no apparent serve in accordance with legal provisions serve, he was sentenced to a loss without warning.。
1.6.7 athletes as a result of physical injury and can not legally serve in strict compliance with certain provisions, the referee may decide to waive, subject to the referee before the game description.。
1.7 legitimate to fight back。
1.7.1 or serve each other's back, side of the athletes have to hit the ball directly over the ball or to bypass the network devices, network devices, or touch the ball and then hit the other areas of Taiwan.。
Match the order of 1.8。
1.8.1 In the singles, the first player made by the legal service, then re-issued by the legitimate players to fight back, and then alternate between the two legitimate to fight back.。
1.8.2 In the doubles, the first player made by the legal service, then re-issued by the legitimate players to fight back, and then by the players of his legal fight back, and then made by the player's legal partner returned fire, after which players take turns lawful order of this fight back .。
1.9 re-serve
1.9.1 Round the following sentence should be re-serve:。
1.9.1.1 If the player sent the ball, or to bypass the ball over the net device, the device hit the net since then become a legitimate service or receiving player or his companion to stop.。
1.9.1.2 If the player then made his or not ready when the ball has been issued: and then made the players or their companions did not attempt to hit.。
1.9.1.3 As a result of the athletes beyond the control of the interference, which can not legally serve athletes. To fight back legally or abide by the rules.。
1.9.1.4 referee or umpire to suspend play vice.。
1.9.1.5 In the doubles, the players made the wrong, wrong then.。
1.9.2 can be suspended from competition following circumstances:。
1.9.2.1 to correct due to serve, then serve the order or the wrong direction;。
1.9.2.2 due to the implementation of the rotation to serve law;。
1.9.2.3 because of a warning or punishment athletes;。
1.9.2.4 As the race was interfered with the environment, so that the results of the round might be affected.。
1.10 a
In addition to the 1.1O.1 re-sentenced to serve the round, the following athletes have one:。
1.10.1.1 the other athletes can not legally serve;。
1.1O.1.2 other athletes not legitimate to fight back;。
1.1O.1.3 athletes in the service or to fight back, the other players in the batting before the ball hit the net in addition to anything other than the device;。
1.10.1.4 hit the other side, the side of the ball crossed the end line and did not touch sides of the Taiwan Area;。
1.10.1.5 the other side stop;。
1.10.1.6 batter each other;。
1.10.1.7 the other party does not comply with provisions of 1.4.3 of the hit film surface;。
1.10.1.8 the other athletes to wear his or any of the East so that the two mobile table;。
1.10.1.9 the other athletes or wear anything that he touched the ball device;。
1.10.1.10 each other's hands touch the athletes they do not match the table;。
1.10.1.11 doubles, the other players hit the wrong order;。
1.10.1.12 rotation implementation of the law serve, then serve the athletes or their doubles partners, including the return of serve blow to complete the 13 legitimate to fight back.。
1.11 a game
1.11.1 in a game, one of the first 21 points for the winners, 20-ping, the first of more than 2 minutes a side for the winner.。
1.12 a game
1.12.1 game should be three games or five games system.。
1.12.2 game in a row should be carried out. But in between the Bureau and the Bureau, any of the athletes have the right to request no more than two minutes rest.。
1.13 service, according to the choice of location and service。
1.13.1 serve option, and then serve the party, that party's power should be decided by drawing lots, selected applicants to choose to serve first or return of serve, or choose a party in the first.。
1.13.2 when the party chose the first athlete to serve or return of serve, or choose a party in the first, the other athletes should have the power to choose another.。
1.13.3 was in every five minutes, then serve to become the driving side, and so on, until the end of its game, or until both sides have scored 20 points, or serve to implement the rotation method, this time, and then serve the order issued Remains the same, but each only made one round-pointers.。
1.13.4 doubles in the first game, first serve to identify the players made the first, and then by the first return of serve to identify the players made the first pick. In the future in the game, I made sure the players after the first Then the players should be made prior to a service bureau to his players.。
1.13.5 In the doubles, for each service, then in front of the players should be made in becoming a player in front of the fat fellow players should be made then the players。
1.13.6 a first serve in the Bureau of the party in the next game should first return of serve. In the doubles tie breaker, when the party first 10 points prior to getting a return of serve should then exchange the order of service.。
1.13.7 a bureau, in the direction of a party game in the next game should change to the other place. In the tie breaker, one of 10 first time the two sides should exchange position.。
1.14 serve, then serve the order and direction of errors。
Once a referee 1.14.1 serve, then serve the order of error should be immediately suspended from competition, and the game at the beginning of the establishment of the order, according to the court by the score should serve or return of serve athletes or serve return of serve; in the doubles in , Was found at the wrong time that the Board has the right to serve first in the party established by the correct order, to continue to race.。
1.14.2 referees should be player if the exchange did not exchange position should be immediately suspended from competition, and the beginning of the game established by order of market players score in the right direction of the station should be carried out to correct, and then continue to race.。
1.14.3 In any case, the mistake was found before the scores were all effective.。
1.15 rotation driving law。
1.15.1 If a game has not yet reached the end of 15 minutes (both at least 19 others with the exception of time-sharing), or any time before that the two athletes should be asked, should serve to implement the rotation method.。
1.15.1.1 limited time to time, the ball is still in the game, the referee should immediately suspend the match. Round suspended by the hair of players serve to continue to race.。
1.15.1.2 limited time to time, the ball is not in competition, should be a pre-round pick of the players made serve to continue to race.。
1.15.2 Since then, each athlete has made a round ball until the end of the council. If the return of serve to 13 times the legal fight back, the penalty is to lose a serve.。
1.15.3-for-service law, once implemented, the remainder of the game must continue until the end of the game.。
ITTF 11 points on the reform of the new requirements。
To meet the 11 demerit points system, the ITTF Congress to amend its rules. This revision will be on September 1, 2001 from the Executive.。
2.11 a game
2.11.1 in a game, the first 11 minutes of the party for the winners. 10 level, a more than 2 hours before the party for the winners.。
2.12 a game
MySQL 5.0 2.13 each game by the odd composition of the Board。
2.13 serve, return of serve and the location of the exchange's order。
2.13.3 was in every 2 hours after the return of serve that is to become the service side, and so on, until the end of its game, or until both sides have scored 10 points, or serve to implement the rotation method, this time, and then serve the order of service Remains the same, but every one round of 1-point shots made.。
2.13.6 a first serve in the Bureau of the party in the next game should first return of serve. In the doubles tie breaker, when the party first time 5, return of serve should then exchange the order of service。
2.13.7 a bureau, in the direction of a party game in the next game should change to the other place. In the tie breaker, the party first time 5, the two sides should exchange position.。
2.15 rotation driving law。
2.15.1 If a game has not yet reached the end of 10 minutes (the two sides have been at least 9 with the exception of time-sharing), or any time before that the two athletes should be asked, should serve to implement the rotation method.。
2.15.3 rotation serve as the implementation of a law or a game was 10 minutes of the game remaining bureaux are subject to the law serve the rotation.。
Intermittent 3.4.4。
3.4.4.1 In addition to the party's request, the race should continue.。
3.4.4.1.1 In the Bureau to not more than 1 minute between the time interest rates;。
3.4.4.1.2 each game, each have 6 points after the tie breaker, or the exchange of position, there is a short period of time Cahan.。
ITTF serve on the new requirements of the rules of table tennis competition 2.6.1,2.6.2 and 2.6.5 will be replaced by the following rules: this will be revised September 1, 2002 from the Executive.。
2.6.1 When the ball's in the parking and open extensor flat with the palm of your hand, we can not go on serve.。
2.6.4 the ball away from the athletes to the palm of your hand the moment the ball was hit, the ball should be in the table on a high plane and serve in the player after the end line.。
2.6.5 When the ball was hit, the player or serve his doubles teammate with the clothes of the body can not be any part of the net with the ball in between. The proposal to amend the following purposes: to prevent the return of serve players in the line of sight of the hidden-away service.。
1) to hit the ball was thrown out of the time, must be maintained at levels above the table.。
2) The player's body and clothes were not involved in any part by the net and line up to form the Triangle area. (Imaginary line is: When the ball was hit, the ball with both ends of the composition of net).。
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