soliloquies

以辅音字母加y结尾的单词 变y为i 加es 读什么?

15 构成法：一个名词如果表示一个或一样东西，它取单数形式，如pen，dog，tree，fact，church，kiss.如果表示两个或更多这类东西，则需用名词的复数形式，如pens，dogs，trees，facts，churches，kisses.构成名词复数，大多数是在单数形式后加-s或-es，有下面6种情况：

a．在单数形式后直接加-s：

girl girls hat hats。

neck necks tree trees。

pencil pencils kind kings。

b．如单数名词以s，x，sh，ch或z结尾，需在后面加-es：

kiss kisses church churches。

fox foxes match matches。

tax taxes watch watches。

dish dishes branch branches。

brush brushes buzz buzzes。

c．以y结尾的词，变y为i，再加-es：

lady ladies army armies。

baby babies story stories。

soliloquy soliloquies colloquy colloquies。

如果y前还有一个元音字母，则直接加-s：

day days key keys。

boy boys monkey monkeys。

d．以o结尾的词，多数加-s：

demo demos inferno infernos。

kilo kilos tempo tempos。

cello cellos memo memos。

banjo banjos octavo octavos。

piano pianos canto cantos。

dynamo dynamos tobacco tobaccos。

solo solos photo photos。

cameo cameos ratio ratios。

以“元音字母+o”结尾的词，一概加-s：curios，rodeos，bamboos，tattoos，…

但有少数以o 结尾的词后需加-es：

echo，echoes； embargo，embargoes； jingo，jingoes； torpe- do；torpedoes；veto，vetoes；hero，heroes；negro，ne-groes；potato，potatoes；mosquito，mosquitoes；go，goes；no，noes；motto，mottoes．。

其他以o结尾的词，一般既可加-s，也可加-es：

zero，zeros，zeroes；halo，halos，haloes；mango，mangos，mangoes．此外还有：motto；tornado；volcano；cargo；buffalo；commando．。

e．以f或fe结尾的词，多数直接加-s：

chief chiefs reef reefs。

cliff cliffs cuff cuffs。

roof roofs fife fifes。

belief beliefs safe safes。

gulf gulfs strife strifes。

但有几个名词，需变f为v，再加es：

elf elves leaf leaves。

calf calves thlef thleves。

shelf shelves loaf loaves。

half halves life lives。

self selves wife wives。

wolf wolves knife knives。

有个别名词，可加-s或-es：

hoof hoofs，hooves wharf wharfs，wharves。

scarf scarfs，scarves dwarf dwarfs，dwarves。

beef beefs，beeves staff staffs，staves。

16 词尾读音：-s或-es 可读作[s]，[iz]或[z]：

a．在清辅音（Voiceless Consonant）后读［s］，如：

cups[k)ps]，shapes［Meips］，hats [h$ts]，dates[deits]，dochs［d&ks］，lakes[leiks]，monarchs['m&n+ks]，fifes［faifs］，roofs［ru：fs］，laughs［la:fs］，coughs［k&fs］，pho-tographs ［'f+t+gra:fs］．。

在th后多数读［s］，如： cloths［kl&Is］，month［m)nIs］，myths［miIs］．但在少数情况下也读［z］，如：

path［pa:I］，paths［pa: J z］。

oath［+uI］，oaths［+uJz］。

mouth［mauI］，mouths［mauJz］。

wreath［ri:I］，wreaths［ri:Jz］。

bath［ba:I］，baths［ba:Jz］。

th 前有长元音或双元音时读作： youths［ju:Jz］，truths［truJz］，sheaths［Mi:Jz］．。

b．在s，z，M，tM，DN等音后读［iz］：

kisses［'kisiz］ foxes［'f&ksiz］。

dishes［'diMiz］ churches［'tM+：tMiz］。

languages［'l$Rgwidziz］ roses［'r+uziz］。

c．在其他情况下均读［z］，如：

dogs［d&gz］，pens［penz］，boys［b&iz］，girls［g+:lz］，names［neimz］，cities［'sitiz］，ways［weiz］．。

英语中以y结尾的名词如何变复数？下列名词的复数各是什么？ family, boy, guy, Ma

因为r不是元音字母…，元音字母是aoeiu。

并不是辅音字母加y结尾都要变，专有名词不能变，因为不能改了人家的名字，比如美国有叫lucy的，英国也有叫lucy的，那她们也只不过是众多的lucys之一。

也不是元音字母加y结尾都不变，以-quy结尾的名词照样得。

变

再加es，比如soliloquy（独白）的复数是soliloquies。

原因是u这时发不出元音了，qu一起发辅音[kw]。

。

谁能用英语对莎士比亚评价一下？

family, boy, guy, Mary, soliloquy的复数是families, boys, guys, Marys, soliloquies。

名词的复数变化规则：

1、一般情况，加-s。

清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音和元音后读/z/；在/s/，/z/，/ʃ/，/tʃ/，/dʒ/等后读/iz/。

book—books

2、以-s，-x，-ch，-sh等结尾，加-es。

class—classes

3、以辅音字母加-y结尾，去-y加-ies。

如party—parties

4、以o结尾，且没有生命，直接加s。

如photo—photos

5、以o结尾，且有生命，加es。

tomato——tomatoes。

6、以-f，-fe结尾，去-f，-fe加-ves。

knife——knives

问一下大家不可数名词和单复数同形的名词有啥区别? 不都是能不加复数吗？ 还有只有复数形式的名

In 1593 and 1594, he published two narrative poems(叙事诗), Venus and Adonis(维纳斯和安东尼斯) and The Rape of Lucrece(鲁克丽斯受辱记). Four period: First: The first period of Shakespeare's dramatic career was one of apprenticeship(学徒期). He wrote five history plays: Henry VI, Parts I, II, and III (亨利六世上，中，下), Richard III(理查三世), and Titus Andronicus(泰托斯.安东尼); and four comedies: The Comedy of Errors(错误的喜剧), The Two Gentlemen of Verona(维洛那二绅士), The Taming of the Shrew(训悍记), and Love's Labour's Lost(爱的徒劳). Second: In the second period, Shakespeare's style and approach became highly individualized. By constructing a complex pattern between different characters and between appearance and reality, Shakespeare made subtle comments on a variety of human foibles. In this period he wrote five histories: Richard II(理查二世), King John(约翰王), Henry IV, Parts I and II(亨利四世 上部和下部), and Henry V(亨利五世); six comedies: A Midsummer Night's Dream(仲夏夜之梦), The Merchant of Venice(威尼斯商人), Much Ado About Nothing(无事生非), As You Like It(皆大欢喜), Twelfth Night(第十二夜), and The Merry Wives of Windsor(温莎的风流娘们儿); and two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet(罗密欧与朱丽叶) and Julis Caesar(裘里斯.凯撒). Third: Shakespeare's third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies. The tragedies of this period are Hamlet(哈姆雷特), Othello(奥赛罗), King Lear(李尔王), Macbeth(麦克白), Angony and Cleopatra(安东尼与克利奥佩特拉), Troilus and Cressida(克利奥拉纳斯), and Coriolanus(). The two comedies are All's Well That Ends Wells(终成眷属) and Measure for Measure(一报还一报). Last: The last period of Shakespeare's work includes his principal romantic tragicomedies(浪漫悲喜剧): Pericles(伯利克里), Cymbeline(辛白林), The Winter's Tale(冬天的故事) and The Tempest(暴风雨); and his two final plays: Henry VIII(亨利八世) and The Two Noble Kinsmen(两位贵族亲戚). Shakespeare's authentic non-dramatic poetry consist of two long narrative poems: Venus and Adonis(维纳斯和安东尼斯) and The Rape of Lucrece(鲁克丽斯受辱记), and his sequence of 154 sonnets. Shakespeare's sonnets are the only direct expression of the poet's own feelings. With three exceptions (99,126,154) Shakespeare writes his sonnets in the popular English form, first fully developed by Surrey, of three quatrains and a couplet(三节四行诗加一节偶句). Shakespeare's history plays are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity(在一个强大英明的君主统治下的国家，统一是非常必要的).The three history plays on the reign of Henry VI are the beginning of Shakespeare's epic treatment.The first and second parts of Henry IV are undoubtedly the most widely read among his history plays. It reveals a troubled reign in the 15th century. Shakespeare presents the patriotic spirit when mourning over the loss of English territories in France. He also dramatizes the class struggle between the oppressors and the oppressored during Jack Cade's rising of 1450. Furthermore, he condemns the War of the Roses waged by the feudal barons in which innocent people were killed. Here Shakespeare has liberated himself from any imitations of the contempory example . In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are brought into full play.(在他的浪漫喜剧中，莎士比亚以乐观的态度对待爱情与青春，并将流浪色彩渲染到极致。)The most important play among the comedies is The Merchant of Venice, in which Shakespeare has created tension, ambiguity, a self-conscious and self-delighting artifice that is at once intellectually exciting and emotionally engaging. The sophistication derives in part from the play between high, outgoing romance and dark forces of negativity and hate. The traditional theme of the play is to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, and to expose the insatiable greed and brutality of the Jew. Many people today tend to regard the play as a satire of the Christians' hypocrisy and their false standards of friendship and love, their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and their unreasoning prejudice against Jews. Compared with the idealism of other plays, The Merchant of Venice takes a step forward in its realistic presentation of human nature and human conflict. Though there is a ridiculous touch on the part of the characters restrained by their limitations, Shakespeare's youthful Renaissance spirit of jollity can be fully seen in contrast to the medieval emphasis on future life in the next world. The successful romantic tragedy is Romeo and Juliet, which eulogizes the faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing happiness. The play, though a tragedy, is permeated with optimistic spirit. Shakespeare's greatest tragedies are : Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. They have some characteristics in common. Each portrays some noble hero, who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation. Each hero has his weakness of nature. In the plays of Shakespeare's last period, there is a prevalent Christian teaching of atonement. Shakespeare seems to have entered an imagined pastoral world. Thus, he could achieve what he failed to in the real world, i.e. to right the wrongs and to realize his ideals. The Tempest, an elaborate and fantastic story, is known as the best of his final romances. The characters are rather allegorical and the subject full of suggestion. The humanly impossible events can be seen occurring everywhere in the play. The wild storm becomes magic, answering Prospero's every signal. The playwright resorts to the supernatural atmosphere and to the dreams to solve the conflict. The Tempest is a typical example of his pessimistic view towards human life and society in his late years. Shakespeare, as a humanist of the time, was shocked by the feudal tyranny and disunity and internal struggle for power at the court which led to civil wars. In his plays, he does not hesitate to describe the cruelty and anti-natural character of the civel wars, but he did not go all the way against the feudal rule. In his dramatic creation, especially in his histories or tragedies, he affirms the importance of the feudal system in order to uphold social order. "The King's government must be carried on" ---- but carried on for the good of the nation, not for the pleasure of the King. Shakespeare is against religious persecution and racial discrimination, against social inequality and the corrupting influence of gold and money. In King Lear, Shakespear has not only made a profound analysis of the social crisis in which the evils can be seen everywhere, but also criticized the bourgeois egoism. He has shown to us the two-fold effects, exerted by the feudalist corruption and the tourgeois egoism, which have gradually corroded the ordered society. On the other hand , there is also a limit to his sympathy for the downtrodden. He fears anarchy, hates rebellion and despises democracy. Thus, he finds no way to solve the social problems. In the end, the only thing he can do as a humanist is to escape from the reality to seek comfort in his dreams. Shakespeare has accepted the Renaissance views on literature. He holds that literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and reality. Based on this consideration, he has claimed through the mouth of Hamlet that the "end" of dramatic creation is to give faithful reflection of the social realities of the time. Shakespeare also states that literary works which have truly reflected nature and reality can reach immortality. From his sonnets, we can find quite a few examples in which Shakespeare sings the immortality of poetry. Shakespeare's major characters are neither merely individual ones nor type ones; they are individuals representing certain types. Each character has his or her own personalities; meanwhile, they may share features with others. By applying a psycho-analytical approach, Shakespeare succeeds in exploring the characters' inner mind.The soliloquies in his plays fully reveal the inner conflict of his charaters. Shakespeare also portrays his characters in pairs.Contrasts are frequently used to bring vividness to his characters. Shakespeare's plays are well-known for their adroit plot construction. Shakespeare seldom invents his own plots; instead, he borrows them from some old plays or storybooks, or from ancient Greek and Roman sources. In order to make the play more lively and compact, he would shorten the time and intensify the story. There are usually several threads running through the play, thus providing the story with suspense and apprehension. Irony is a good means of dramatic prsentation. It makes the characters who are ignorant of the truth do certain ridiculous things.There is so much fun that the audience are immediately amused. Disguise is also an important device to create dramatic irony, usually with woman disguised as man. Lastly, to understand Shakespeare, it is necessary to study the subtlest of his instruments----the language. Shakespeare can wirite skillfully in different poetic forms, like the sonnet, the blank verse, and the rhymed couplet. His blank verse is especially beautiful and mighty. He has an amazing wealth of vocabulary and idiom. He is known to have used 16,000 different words. His coinage of new words and distortion of the meaning of the old ones also create striking effects on the reader. Shakespeare is above all writers in the past and in the present time. by Williams Shakespear。

以x结尾的单词复数加es吗

大多数可数名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加-s，如：

desks 书桌days 一天 houses房屋。

以辅音字母加-o、-s、-z、-x、-ch、-sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es。

heroes 男主人公tomatoes 西红柿echoes 回声 embargoes禁运Negroes 黑人 torpedoes鱼雷potatoes 土豆 noes不vetoes 否决。

masses 质量asses 驴子。

buzzes 嗡嗡声adzes 手斧。

foxes 狐狸

watches 手表inches 英寸。

bushes 灌木

ch发k音时，只加-s：monarchs君主stomachs 胃 patriarchs族长epochs 时期。

以元音字母加o结尾的字，只加-s：bamboos竹子cuckoos 布谷鸟cameos 多彩浮雕folios 对开纸embryos 胚胎portfolios 投资组合studios 工作室zoos 动物园 curios古董 rodeos竞技表演。

以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，把y改成I再加-es：families家庭ladies 女士 flies苍蝇。

但是，辅音字母组合qu为一个发音单位，所以词尾为quy时，仍把y改成I再加-es：soliloquies独语 colloquies 对话。

以辅音字母f（开音节为fe）结尾的名词，把f改成v再加-es：calves小牛halves 一半knives 小刀 leaves树叶lives 生活 loaves 一条面包 selves自己sheaves 一捆 thieves小偷wives 妻子 wolves狼elves 小精灵 housewives家庭主妇scarves 围巾。

例外：proofs证明 safes保险箱 sheriffs 行政司法长官tariffs 关税。

变内部元音：feet英尺mice 鼠标 geese鹅lice 虱子 men人dormice 睡鼠 teeth牙齿。

词尾加-en：oxen公牛children 小孩 grandchildren孙儿女。

单复数同形：deer鹿sheep 羊 swine猪means 方式 aircraft飞机teal 小野鸭 grouse松鸡moose 驼鹿 works工厂brace 一对 horsepower马力series 系列 species种类hundredweight 英担 précis摘要stone 英石 carp鲤鱼cod 鳕鱼 herring鲱鱼trout 鲑鱼 pike狗鱼salmon 大麻哈鱼yak 牦牛 fish鱼li 里 dan担mu 亩 liang两yuan 元 yen日元sen 钱 chassis底盘patois 方言 corps队rendezvous 约会 Chinese中国人Japanese 日本人Swiss 瑞士人 Vietnamese越南人 Burmese缅甸人。

外来语：crises危机data 数据 alumni校友alumnae 女校友vires 力 genera属cantus 旋律 anthelia幻日velamina 膜 bureaux衣橱kulaki 富农 cognoscenti鉴赏家lieder 浪漫曲loci 地点。

必用复数形式的名词一般表示由两个或几个相同的部分组成的名词，例如：

scissors 剪刀pants 裤子 compasses圆规tweezers 镊子 tongs夹子pliers 钳子 glasses眼镜shorts 短裤 stockings长筒袜socks 短袜 calipers分割规flares 喇叭裤jeans 牛仔裤 sunglasses太阳眼镜slacks 便裤 braces背带pajamas 睡衣 tights紧身裤bellows 风箱 binoculars双筒望远镜goggles 风镜 knickerbockers灯笼裤savings 储蓄 clothes衣服overalls 工作服infantry 步兵 clergy牧师cavalry 骑兵 police警察scum 痞子 personnel人员people 人。

不可数名词，包括物质名词和抽象名词，一般无复数，如：foliage叶子、millinery女帽、cutlery刀具、stationary文具、crockery陶器、hosiery针织品、footwear鞋子、underwear内衣、glassware玻璃器皿、hardware硬件、codeine可待因、bunting旗帜、pastry油酥糕饼、junk废弃物、game野味、linen亚麻衣物、stubble残茬、type铅字、blood血液、oxygen氧气、hydrogen氢气、sauce沙司、juice果汁、liquor烈酒、fruit水果，cloth布、clothing 衣服（总称）、room空间。

不可数名词前面不用many修饰，没有复数形式，谓语动词用单数。

以上说的是单纯词的复数形式，接下来谈论复合名词、缩略词、拼缀词的复数形式。

中间没有连字号的合成名词：把最后一个字变为复数：bookshelves书架、handfuls几把、mouthfuls一口pathfinders开拓者、telltales搬弄是非者、makeshifts权宜之计、toothpicks牙签、brainpowers智囊团。

由man、woman构成的复合名词，两个字均要变为复数，如：men-servants男仆、women。

doctors 女医生、women。

writer 女作家。

用连字号连接的复合名词：把主体字变为复数：sisters-in-law嫂子、弟媳，lookers-on旁观者、editors-in-chief主编、spoonsful 几勺。

缩略字由长字截头、去尾、或前后各截去一部分，或几个字合成一个字构成，复数一般加-s，如：copters直升机、discos迪斯科舞厅、profs教授、delis熟食店、grads毕业生、memos备忘录，limos轿车、dorms宿舍、expos博览会、pubs酒吧、stereos立体声、subs潜水艇、mikes麦克风、fridges冰箱。

希望我能帮助你解疑释惑。

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