智能建筑中的电源质量要求是非常重要的,了解电源对于建筑的重要性,才能更好的理解其质量代表的意思,每个细节都很关键。中达咨询就智能建筑中的电源质量要求和大家说明一下。
随着国际信息潮流冲击和微电子科技的沸腾,加上通讯、计算机及自动控制技术日新月异,使得建筑开始走向高品质、高功能领域,形成一种新的建筑形式――智能建筑(Inetlligent Buildings)。由于在智能建筑中运用了许多计算机和微电子设备,对其供电电源的质量提供了新的要求。因为电源品质的好坏,将直接影响智能建筑中设备的运行稳定性和可靠性,甚至导致重大人身、设备事故和造成巨大的经济损失。这种影响不仅来自供电电源的电压、频率及电流等基本要素是否满足用电设备的要求,而且也来自所提供的供电电源的电网质量。
由于电子计算机、微处理器以及其他电子仪器设备普遍存在着绝缘强度低、对供电电源的质量要求高、过电压耐受能力差的弱点,使得这些高灵敏的电子系统在运行时,经常出现程序运行错误、数据错误、时间错误、死机、无故重新启动甚至造成用电设备的永久性损坏,给人们日常生活造成巨大损失。为此,在智能建筑中,研究其供电电源质量,实施有效的防护措施,已是必然的趋势,而且受到世界各国普遍关注。
1、电源质量的技术指标
衡量电源质量的技术指标主要包括:电压波动、频率波动、谐波和三相不平衡等。众所周知,供电电源质量会受到多种因素的影响,如负荷的变化、大量非线性负载的使用、高次谐波的影响、功率因数补偿电容的投入和切断、雷电和人为故障、公共设施(如电动机、电梯等)等都会影响电源的品质,从而降低供电电源的质量。
1.1 电压波动(Undulating voltage)
理想电源电压正弦波的波形是连续、光滑、没有畸变的,其幅值和频率是稳定的。当负荷发生变化时,负荷出现较大的增加时,特别是附近有大型设备处于启动时,使得供电电源正弦波的幅值受到影响,产生低电压。当供电电源电压波动超过允许范围时,就会使计算机和精密的电子设备运算出现错误,甚至会使计算机的停电检测电路误认为停电,而发生停电处理信号,影响计算机的正常工作。一般计算机允许电压波动范围为:AC 380V、220V±5%。计算机在电压降低至额定电压的70%时,计算机就视为中断。为此,《电子计算机机房设计规范》GB 50174-93(以下简称《规范》)对电压波动明确规定,将电压波动分为A、B、C三级。
1.2 频率波动(Undulating frequency)
供电电源频率波动主要由于电网超负荷运行而引起发电机转速的变化所致。而计算机的外部设备大多采用同步电动机,一般计算机频率允许波动范围为50Hz±1%.当供电电源频率波动超过允许范围时,会使计算机信息存储的频率发生变化而产生错误,甚至会产生信息丢失等。
1.3 波动失真(Waveforn distortion)
产生电源电压波形失真的主要原因是由于电网中非线性负载,特别是一些大功率的可控整流装置的存在会对供电电源的电压波形产生烃,还会使计算机的相对控制部分产生不利的影响;这种波形畸变,还会使计算机直流电源回路中的滤波电容上的电流明显增大,电容器发热;还由于锯状波形的出现,会使计算机的停电检测电路误认为停电,而发出停电处理信号,影响计算机的正常工作。衡量波形失真的技术指标是波形失真率(Waveform distortion rate),即用电设备输入端交流电压所有高次谐波之和与基波有效值之比的百分数。
1.4 瞬变浪涌和瞬变下跌
瞬变浪涌(Transient voltage surge)是指正弦波在工频一周或几周范围内,电源电压正弦波幅值快速增加。瞬变浪涌一般用最大瞬变率表示。瞬变下跌(Tran-sition voltage fall),又称凹口,它是指正弦波在工频一周或几周范围内,电源电压正弦波幅值快速下降。瞬变下跌一般用最大瞬变下跌率表示。瞬变浪涌和瞬变下跌,瞬间内电压幅值快速增加或减小会对计算机系统形成干扰,导致其运算错误或者破坏存储的数据和程序。目前,国内未对瞬变大瞬变率:(半周或更长)≤20%;恢复过程中降至15%以内,为50ms;然后降至6%以内,为0.5s.允许最大瞬变下跌率:(半周或更长)≤30%;恢复到-20%以内,为50ms;恢复到-13.3%以内,为0.5s。
1.5 瞬变脉冲(Transient voltage pulse)
瞬变脉冲,又称尖峰或者电压闪变,是指在小于电网半个周期的时间内电网理想正弦波上叠加的窄脉冲。引起瞬变脉冲的原因很多,一般主要由以下几方面:
瞬变脉冲,又称尖峰或者电压闪变,是指在小于电网半个周期的时间内电网理想正弦波上叠加的窄脉冲。引起瞬变脉冲的原因很多,一般主要由以下几方面:
1.5.1 内部过电压(Internal overvolttage)
即在电力系统的内部,由于重负荷、感性负荷、补偿电容的投入和切除,开关和保险装置的操作以及短路故障的发生,都会使系统参数发生变化,引起电力系统的内部电磁能量的转化和传递,在系统中出现过电压。据统计,在整个瞬变脉冲事故中因内部过电压造成的占有80%。
1.5.2 雷电(Lightning)
在雷电中心1.5km~2km范围内都可能产生危险过电压,损坏电路上的设备。当雷击输电线或雷闪电发生在线路附近时,通过直接或间接耦合方式雷闪放电形成暂态过电压将以流动波形式沿线路传播,危及设备安全。据统计,在整个瞬变脉冲事故中因雷击产生过电压造成的约占18%左右。
计算机和精密仪器设备的信号电压很低,一般只有10V左右,所以对闪电脉冲过电压极为敏感,极易受闪电脉冲过电压的干扰和损坏。一般电气设备允许的闪电脉冲电压为6000V,而计算机和精密仪器设备估计在几十伏到几百伏就会受到损坏。
1.6 三相不平衡(Unbalance three phase circuit)
由于三相负荷分配不均等,使三相负荷电流不对称,由此产生三相负序分量。不平衡度是衡量三相负荷状态的指标,主要包括电压不平衡、电流不平衡、相角不平衡。三相不平衡窨到什么程度才会影响计算机的稳定、可靠运行,目前尚无完整资料。只有参考厂商关于三相不平衡具体要求,以保证计算机及其设备正常、稳定运行。一般计算机允许相电压不平衡≤120±3。
1.7 瞬间停电(Interrupt power-supply)
如果发生电网瞬间停电,将直接影响计算机的正常运行。当电源中断1.5ms以内是,可由计算机主机的大电容器放电来维持计算机的继续运行,对系统无影响。而当在电源中断1.5ms以上时,由于存储器一般采用MOS电路,一旦停电时间长,计算机就会失去记忆,使大量运算过程的数据丢失,致使计算机运算错误乃至停机。一般计算机要求电源中断在10ms之内。对于瞬间停电允许持续时间,《规范》中对供电质量规定分为A、B、C三级。
A级:Oms~4ms;B级:4ms~200ms;C级:200ms~1500ms。
1.8 电磁干扰(Electromagnetic Interference 简称EMI)
电磁干扰,有也称电磁污染,它是电子系统辐射的寄生电能。电磁干扰主要来自以下两方面:
①电缆、电线既是造成电磁干扰的主要发生器,也是主要的接收器。作为发生器,它向空间辐射电磁波,对计算机系统形成的干扰。作为接收器,它也能敏感地接收从其它相邻干扰源所发射电磁波的干扰。由于计算机系统中的逻辑脉冲前沿很陡峭(纳秒级),对30Hz-100Hz的电磁干扰十分敏感,会使计算机系统中的逻辑出现错误动作。
②核电脉冲(Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse简称NEMP)核爆炸产生的电磁脉冲强度高、覆盖面大、持续时间短(1μs)、等值频率可高过100MHz.电磁脉冲将在电网络中耦合产生暂态过电压,危害极大。
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1、三年的同窗,我与你结下了深厚的友谊,愿你我心灵间的交流,直到永远。
Three years of classmates, I and you have forged a deep friendship, I wish you and my heart to communicate, until forever.。
2、祝你享受今日的无上幸福与欢愉,愿你得到明天的每一个良机与幸运。
May you enjoy all the happiness and joy of today. May you have every chance and luck tomorrow.。
3、吵架也好,斗嘴也好,开心也好,出气也好,你永远是我心中最好的死党。
Fight or quarrel or happy or gas or, you will always be my best friend.。
4、中学生活瞬息即逝,但它却是我们瑰丽人生中最浓丽的一抹色彩!
The middle school life is fleeting, but it is the most gorgeous colour in our beautiful life!。
5、今天,我们是亲密的同学;明天,我们将是竞争的对手。愿友谊在竞争中更加深厚。
Today, we are close classmates; tomorrow, we will be competitors. May friendship deepen in the competition.。
6、生活是一本精深的书,别人的注释代替不了自己的理解,愿你有所发现,有所创造。
Life is a profound book. Others' notes cannot replace your own understanding. May you discover and create something new.。
7、快乐的童年是我们兴奋,在母校里的有趣生活我会永远记住,因为你就如我的亲姐妹。
Happy childhood is our exciting, interesting life in my alma mater, I will always remember, because you are like my sister.。
8、永远都别把事情想得太糟,乐观满点,危机警戒,望大家都能成功!
Never take things too bad, optimistic pictures, crisis warning, hope everyone can be successful!。
9、那以往的同窗生活,是一串糖葫芦,那迷人的甜和酸,将永远回味不完。
Classmate that past life, is a bunch of Tomatoes on sticks, that charming sweet and acid, will always be memorable.。
10、我俩同是一个班级里的学生,我们的友谊也是一颗心里的两颗细胞,永不分开。
We are both students in a class, and our friendship is also a heart of two cells, never separated.。
11、约定,十年后,在这里,这所学校,再见。
Yes, ten years later, here, this school, good bye.。
12、你在班里的成绩并不是名列前茅,不过我相信只要你努力了。就一定会成功的。
You are not in the top of the class, but I believe that as long as you work hard. It is bound to be successful.。
13、请再谱一支青春曲,伴随你我在明天的征途中继续奋进!
Please compose a song of youth, with you and me in tomorrow's journey to continue to forge ahead!。
14、最珍惜,好友的问候,纵然人生聚散无常,念你的心依旧。
The most cherished friends, greetings, even if life gather, read your heart still.。
15、孩子,愿你快快脱去幼稚的娇嫩,扬起创造的风帆,驶向成熟,驶向金色的海岸。
Boy, may you quickly shed your childish delicacy, lift up the sails of creation, sail to maturity, and sail to the golden coast.。
16、为了我们共同拥有的青春,为了我们一样的坚定和执着,为了我们更好的明天。
For the sake of our common youth, for the same firmness and perseverance, for our better tomorrow.。
17、现在,我们微笑着在校园的林荫小路上散步,撒下最快乐的时光。
Now, we smile and walk on the campus tree lined path, laying aside the happiest time.。
18、陈酒最好喝,老友最知心,朋友认识越久越值得珍惜,只因共同拥有太多太多的回忆。
The best wine to drink, old friends the most intimate friends know more to cherish, because together with too many memories.。
19、愿你像颗种子,勇敢地冲破泥沙,将嫩绿的幼芽伸出地面,指向天空。
Would you like a seed, the courage to break through the sand, verdant shoots out of the ground, pointing to the sky.。
20、虽然提前离开了我的兄弟姐妹,但与大家的情谊将伴我一生!
Although I left my brothers and sisters in advance, my friendship will be with me for the rest of my life!。
21、我们曾是两根幼小的种子,如今长大不要各奔西东,祝你在今后的日子里天天开心。
We were two young seeds, now don't grow up different worlds, I wish you happy every day in the coming days.。
22、我们在学习中成长着,我们在成长中学习着。
We grow up in study, we learn in growing up.。
23、毕业在即,新的征程也即将开始,愿每一位朋友都能够勇敢地面对未来的每一天!
Graduation soon, and the new journey is about to begin. May every friend be brave enough to face each day in the future!。
24、不得不收拾行囊,飞向远方。远方是我们的未来,有我们的希望,和我们的青春。
Had to pack up and fly away. The distance is our future, our hope, and our youth.。
25、人生是一座险山,没有一成不变,计划往往都赶不上变化,到处都可能是危险。
Life is a dangerous mountain, there is no fixed, plans are often unable to keep up with changes, everywhere may be dangerous.。
26、跨出学校的大门,人生开始新的里程,愿你用生命的火花,去照亮通往未来的征程。
Step out of the school gate and start a new life. May you use the spark of life to illuminate the journey to the future.。
27、在充满思念的季节里,满怀真挚的祝福,愿为你带来无限的喜悦与温馨。
In the season full of longing, with sincere wishes, may bring you infinite joy and warmth.。
28、几个人用同样的钥匙,打开同一扇门。几个人用同样的目光,跟空荡的寝室说再见。
Several people open the same door with the same key. Several people look at the empty bedroom with the same eye.。
29、不要惧怕,中学正是你们实现自我管理,自我提升的关键阶段。
Don't be afraid. High school is the key to your self management and self promotion.。
30、生活的强者,永远属于勤奋努力的人。
The strong man in life belongs to the diligent man forever.。
31、善待你的爱好,别让它们为学习让路,要让它们替学习服务。
Be good to your hobbies. Don't let them make way for study. Let them serve you study.。
32、看着空荡荡的宿舍和柜子,总觉得还留下了什么,原来我留下了我对你们的思念。
Looking at the empty dormitory and cabinet, I always feel what has left behind. I left my thoughts to you.。
33、啊,同学们,让我们在飞逝而去的时间波涛上,乘风破浪,驶向成功的彼岸!
Ah, the classmates, let us in the fleeting time of the waves, ride the wind and waves, towards the success of the other side!。
34、你珍惜今天,又以百倍的热情去拥抱明天,那未,未来就一定属于你!
You cherish today, but also a hundred times to embrace the enthusiasm of tomorrow, that did not, the future must belong to you!。
35、真幸运,在最美好的年华邂逅最美好的你们,即使青春不再,你们也是我最珍贵的记忆。
I am so lucky to have met the best of you in the most beautiful years. Even when my youth is gone, you are my most Pcious memory.。
36、毕业了,曾经那些不在意的人和事,现在想来多么珍贵。
Graduation, once those people and things do not care, now want to how Pcious.。
37、人世间最珍贵的,莫过于真诚的友情,深切的怀念,像幽香的小花,开在深谷。
The most Pcious thing in the world is the sincere friendship, the deep yearning, like the fragrance of small flowers, opened in the deep valley.。
38、长大,是为了更好地把握自己,机会把握在自己的手中。
Grow up in order to better grasp themselves, the opportunity to grasp in their own hands.。
39、我真诚地期望并深信,欢庆毕业只是你美好人生的开端,心满意足的灿烂前程正等待着你。
I sincerely hope and believe that graduation is only the beginning of your wonderful life, and a bright and satisfying future awaits you.。
40、衷心地祝贺你,用智慧才情胆略和毅力,开辟出一块属于你自己的土地。
Congratulations on your wisdom and talent, with courage and perseverance, opens one to belong to your land.。
41、亲爱的,你是否看到我眼里的泪花。彼此说着珍重。
Dear, do you see the tears in my eyes?. Say hi to each other.。
42、春天是碧绿的天地,秋天是黄金的世界。愿你用青春的绿色去酿造未来富有的金秋!
Spring is a green world, and autumn is a golden world. May you use the youth of green to brew the future rich autumn!。
43、大学说再见,却不跟青春道别。
The University said goodbye, but did not say goodbye to youth.。
44、尽管时时有一团团沉渣泛起,但是滔滔的江河总是朝着既定的方向奔流。
Although there are a lot of sediment from time to time, but the surging rivers are always flowing in a certain direction.。
45、我愿我们的友谊像雨落在大海中永不干旱,不要像风吹掠过海面只有清波荡漾。
I wish our friendship will never fall like rain in the sea wind blowing across the surface of the drought, not only the Shiba waves.。
46、转眼四年过去,我们又将踏上旅程、各奔东西,祝我们自己前程似锦、阳光灿烂。
In the past four years, we will embark on a journey, Gebendongxi, wish our own future and sunny.。
47、鸟贵有翼,人贵有志。立志是事业的大门,信心是事业的起点。
Birds have wings, and men have ambition. Determination is the gate of career and confidence is the starting point of career.。
48、但愿美好的记忆,不要从岁月里匆匆走过,让它永驻我们的心中。
I hope the good memories do not rush through the years and keep them in our hearts forever.。
49、柳荫下握别百般惆怅??同窗数载少年情长,望征程千种思绪,愿友情化为奋进的力量!
Behind all regret -- the students set number of teenage love long under the willow, hope the journey thousands of thoughts, friendship to the power of endeavour!。
50、朝霞般美好的理想,在向你们召唤。你们是一滴一滴的水,全将活跃在祖国的大海里!
Better as an ideal, in the call to you. You are a drop of water, all will be active in the motherland of the sea!。
51、你的成绩也不差只要你努力了,就一定会成功。
Your grades are not bad, so long as you work hard, you will succeed.。
52、这一年,毕业季。你们的,毕业季。我们却,各奔东西。
This year, graduation season. Your graduation season. We are apart.。
53、希望我们的明天会更好,大家都有一个幸福的未来,也希望我们的专业越办越好!
I hope our future will be better, we all have a happy future, but also hope that our professional become better and better!。
54、脑海里留下了属于你的痕迹,你不经意的挥笔,是我最珍贵的记忆。
Mind to leave your trail, you inadvertently Huibi, is my most Pcious memory.。
55、别丢掉那以往的热情,你仍要保存着那真!
Don't throw away your past enthusiasm, you still have to keep that real!。
56、当你回首看看时,你会驻足倾听,那是我们一起谱写的歌。
When you look back, you'll stop and listen. It's the song we all wrote together.。
57、知识是取之不尽的矿山,你越往深处挖掘,你就越会得到更加丰富的宝藏。
Knowledge is an inexhaustible mine, and the deeper you dig, the richer treasure you will find.。
58、你临别的微笑虽然只是短短的一瞬,但是摄在我心的底片上。
Your parting smile is only a short while, but it's on my heart.。
59、永恒的友谊,永恒的记忆。
Eternal friendship, eternal memory.。
60、让我们迈开双腿,去洒行汗水,去踏一路雷声!校门外,有的是鲜花簇拥的前程!
Let's take our legs, sweat, and go all the way through the thunder! Outside the school gate, there are flowers surrounded by the future!。
61、零,只有和实数在一起才有意义;思想,只有和行动在一起才能发出光辉。
Zero has meaning only when it is with real numbers; thought can only shine when it is with action.。
62、叶子的离开是风的多情还是树的不挽留;你我的离校是人生的催促,还是青春的不停留。
The leaves of the wind is passionate, or the tree does not retain; you, my school leaving is the rush of life, or youth does not stay?.。
63、你是天生是一只小黄莺,歌唱是天生的本领,愿你能展现出你动听迷人的歌声。
You are born is a small warbler, singing is a natural ability, you can show your beautiful charming songs.。
64、天道酬勤。人世间没有不经过勤劳而成为天才的。愿你日夜勤奋,早日成才!
God helps those who help themselves. No man is born a genius without diligence. May you work hard day and night as soon as possible!。
65、崇高的理想是一个人心上的太阳,它能照亮生活中的每一步路。
The noble ideal is the sun of one's heart that lights every step in life.。
66、六月,盛夏,杏子泛黄,麦浪滚滚。风一路缠绵向北,温润着毕业的气息。
In June, summer, apricot yellow, undulating. The wind was touching the north and the smell of graduation.。
67、在忙碌的生活中别忘了抽个时间,让自己轻松一睛,永远保持一颗年轻快乐的心。
In a busy life, don't forget to take time to relax and keep a young and happy heart forever.。
68、分离不代表忘记,当我们都走向人生新的阶梯,请不要忘记,我始终在默默地祝福你。
Separation doesn't mean forgetting. When we all go to the new ladder of life, please don't forget, I always bless you silently.。
69、抱负,是高尚行为成长的萌芽;用毅力去浇洒,它就开花!
Ambition is the germ of noble behavior. It grows with perseverance!。
70、默默地分手,正如当初默默地相遇。愿这温馨的微风,给你捎去我深情的祝福和祈祷。
Silently breaking up, just like the silent meeting. May this warm breeze bring you my affectionate blessing and prayers.。
71、永远不要放弃你的梦想。
Never give up on your dreams.。
72、时光荏苒,岁月如梭,你我三年的相伴即将在此刻画上句点。
Time flies, time flies, you me three years will end at the moment.。
73、把黄昏当成黎明,时间会源源而来;把成功当作起步,成绩就会不断涌现。
As dusk to dawn, the time will follow; take success for starting performance will continue to emerge.。
74、六年中,你们留下了一个个难忘的回忆,把最天真无邪的时光留在了这里。
Six years, you have left a memorable memories, the most innocent time left here.。
75、你很守信用,俗话说:守信是一项财宝,不应该随意虚掷。我希望你能够保持这样下去。
You keep your word, as the saying goes, "faith is a treasure, and should not be thrown at will.". I hope you can keep it that way.。
76、在这个阳光热辣的季节里,我们就要离去,为着更好的宴会,更多的热闹。
In this hot and sunny season, we are going to leave for better parties and more excitement.。
77、今日同窗分手,说一声:珍重!明朝校友相逢,贺一句:成功!
Today, my classmate broke up and said, "take care!"! Ming alumni meet, congratulations one: success!。
78、高三不再有,劝君珍惜之。一年之经历,终身之财富。
Three no, I cherish. A year's experience, a lifetime of wealth.。
79、日子在不同的空间流逝,想念在不同的时间来临。
Days go by in different spaces, and miss comes at different times.。
80、楚天千里清秋,水随千里无际;四年同窗寻宝,难舍难解难分。
Chutian Trinidad autumn water, with Trinidad boundless; four years old treasure, and inextricably involved.。
金沙遗址位于成都市西郊青羊区金沙遗址路。金沙遗址是中国进入二十一世纪第一项重大考古发现,2006年被评为全国重点文物保护单位。“金沙遗址”是民工在开挖蜀风花园大街工地时首先发现的,在沉睡了3000年之后被发掘出来,“一醒惊天下”。其太阳神鸟环十分绚丽。距离三星堆遗址50公里,该文化所处年代约在前1250至前650,在前1000年时较为繁荣。金沙文化和三星堆文化的文物有相似性,但是没有城墙,约等于三星堆文化的最后一期,代表了古蜀的一次政治中心转移。
文物时期
金沙遗址(12张)在出土的金器中,有金面具、金带、圆形金饰、喇叭形金饰等30多件,其中金面具与广汉三星堆的青铜面具在造型风格上基本一致,其他各类金饰则为金沙特有。玉器种类繁多,且十分精美,其中最大的一件是高约22厘米的玉琮,颜色为翡翠绿,雕工极其精细,表面有细若发丝的微刻花纹和一人形图案,堪称国宝,其造型风格与良渚文化的完全一致。出土的400多件青铜器主要以小型器物为主,有铜立人像、铜瑗、铜戈、铜铃等,其中铜立人像与三星堆出土的青铜立人像相差无几。石器有170件,包括石人、石虎、石蛇、石龟等,是四川迄今发现的年代最早、最精美的石器。金沙遗址是四川省继广汉三星堆之后最为重大的考古发现之一。经统计,遗址所清理出的珍贵文物多达千余件,包括:金器30余件、玉器和铜器各400余件、石器170件、象牙器40余件,出土象牙总重量近一吨,此外还有大量的陶器出土。从文物时代看,绝大部分约为商代(约公元前17世纪初—公元前11世纪)晚期和西周(约公元前11世纪—公元前771年)早期,少部分为春秋时期(公元前770年—公元前476年)。而且,随着发掘的进展,不排除还有重大发现的可能。金沙遗址的发掘,对研究古蜀历史文化具有极其重要的意义。成都有文字可考的建城历史最早可追溯到张仪筑成都城的战国晚期。金沙遗址所提示的是以往文献中完全没有的珍贵材料,将改写成都历史和四川古代史。
金沙遗址博物馆
是为保护、研究、展示金沙遗址及出土文物而设立的主题公园式博物馆,占地面积30万平方米,总建筑面积约38000平方米。由遗迹馆、陈列馆、文物保护中心和园林区等部分组成。 金沙遗址博物馆位于成都平原的东南边缘地带,东距成都市中心约5公里,现已探明的遗址面积约5平方公里,遗址范围地势平坦,起伏较小,遗址内及周围河流较多,遗址的南面1.5公里处是清水河,摸底河更是在遗址内蜿蜒东流,将遗址分为南北两半。自2001年以来进行了考古发掘,发掘面积达10余万平方米,发现各类遗迹3000余个,又出土了大量的珍贵文物。考古工作者根据考古学对遗址命名的基本原则,将包括黄忠村在内的这一区域的商、周时期遗址统一命名为“金沙遗址”。
译文:The site is located in the western suburbs of the city of Qingyang District of Chengdu Jinsha road.The Jinsha site in twenty-first Century is China the first major archaeological discovery, in 2006 was named the national key cultural relics protection units."The site" is the laborer in excavation of Sichuan style Garden Street site when first discovered, sleeping in 3000 after being uncovered, "up shaking".The sun bird ring is very beautiful.From the ruins of Sanxingdui 50 km, the culture that is in about 1250 to 650 in 1000, before the more prosperous.The culture and Sanxingdui relics are similar, but without walls, is approximately equal to the Sanxingdui culture in the last period, the ancient Shu a political center.。
During the period of cultural relics。
The Jinsha site (12) in the unearthed gold, gold, gold, gold mask with circular, trumpet gold and more than 30 pieces, wherein the golden mask and Guanghan Sanxingdui bronze mask in the style is consistent, other types of gold is unique to sands.The jade variety, and very beautiful, one of the biggest one is about 22 cm high jade Cong, color is emerald green, carver is extremely fine, thin hair surface if the microlithographic patterns and a human figure pattern, is a national treasure, the style and culture of exactly the same.Unearthed more than 400 pieces of bronze mainly small artifacts, copper, copper, bronze standing figure yuan Ge, bells, in which copper standing figure and not much difference between the standing bronze figure unearthed in Sanxingdui.The stone has 170 Pieces, including stone, stone, stone tiger snake, turtle, is Sichuan discovered so far is the earliest, the most exquisite stone.The Jinsha site is Sichuan Province after Guanghan Sanxingdui is the one of significant archaeological discoveries.After the statistics, clearing the site up to a thousand pieces of precious cultural relics, including: more than 30 pieces of gold, jade and bronze in 400 pieces, 170 piece of stone, ivory unearthed more than 40 pieces of ivory, the total weight of nearly a ton, in addition to large quantities of pottery unearthed.From cultural relics age, mostly about the Shang Dynasty (C. seventeenth Century BC early eleventh Century BC) late and the Zhou Dynasty (ca. eleventh Century BC - 771 BC) early, little part is the spring and Autumn period (770 B.C. - 476 B.C.).Moreover, with the excavation progress, also did not rule out the possible discovery.The Jinsha site excavation, to the study of ancient Shu culture has the extremely vital significance.Chengdu recorded to build city history can be traced back to the earliest piece of instrument of Chengdu city built in the late Warring States period.The Jinsha site is indicated by previous literature in the complete absence of precious materials, will rewrite history and ancient history of Sichuan chengdu.。
The Jinsha Site Museum。
Are for the protection, research, display the Jinsha site and unearthed cultural relics and the establishment of the theme park museum, covers an area of 300000 square meters, a total construction area of about 38000 square meters.The relic Museum, museum, cultural relic protection center and garden area and other parts.The Jinsha Site Museum is located on the southeastern margin of Chengdu Plain, East is apart from the Chengdu City Center about 5 kilometers, now already ascertain the site area of about 5 square kilometers, site area is flat, and the smaller, sites in and around the river more, site 1.5 km south of Qingshui River, clear River is in inside the ruins of meandering river flows, will the site is divided into North and South in two.Since 2001 the archaeological excavation, excavation area of more than 10 square meters, find all kinds of sites for more than 3000 months, and unearthed a large number of precious relics.According to the archaeological ruins archaeology worker on the basic principles of the nomenclature, will include Huang Zhong village, a regional business, week period site unified named "Jinsha ruins".。
如果你认为我手工录入容易的话1分也不要追。 规则采用标准奥运比赛规则 游泳swimming 跳水diving 花样游泳synchronized swimming 水球water polo 射箭archery 田径athletics 羽毛球badminton 棒球baseball 篮球basketball 拳击boxing 皮划艇静水canoe/kayak-flatwater 皮划艇激流回旋canoe/kayak-slalom 小轮车cycling bmx 自行车场地赛cycling track 自行车公路赛cycling rode 山地自行车cycling mountain bike 马术equestrian 击剑fencing 足球football 体操gymnastics 艺术体操rhythmic gymnastics 蹦床trampoline 手球handball 曲棍球hockey 柔道judo 现代五项modern pentathlon 赛艇rowing 帆船sailing 射击shooting 垒球softball 乒乓球table tennis 跆拳道taekwondo 网球tennis 铁人三项triathlon 排球volleyball 沙滩排球beach volleyball 举重weightlifting 摔交wrestling 自行车场地赛cycling track规则: Competition Format Sprint Riders will complete a 200m-time trial to determine the qualifiers (18 men and 12 women) who will advance to the next phase (1/16th final for men and 1/8th final for women). The 1/16th and 1/8th finals are contested head to head with the winners advancing to the next phase and losers going to the repechages. From the quarterfinals, two-up matches over two heats (and a third deciding heat if necessary) will take place. Quarterfinal winners will continue to the semi-finals and losers will ride a four-up sprint for places 5-8. The two winners of the semi-finals will compete for the first and second place and the two losers of the semifinals for the third and fourth. Individual Pursuit A qualifying round of head to head heats will select the eight best riders on the basis of their time, in order to compete in the first round over a distance of 4 km for men and 3 km for women. The four winners of the first round shall contest the finals. The riders with the two best times shall ride for the first and second place, while the two other riders shall ride for third and fourth places. The riders will start on opposite sides in the middle of the two straights of the track. Catching up with the other rider or recording the fastest time will determine the winner. Points Race Riders will cover a total distance of 40km for men (160 laps) and 25km for women (100 laps). Intermediate sprints occur every 10 laps. Sprint points will be awarded as follows: 5 points to the first rider, 3 points to the second, 2 points to the third and 1 point to the fourth. Any rider that gains a lap on the main bunch is awarded 20 points, while loses a lap will have 20 points deducted. The winner will be declared according to the accumulated points won. Where there is a draw on points, the place during the final sprints shall decide the final result. Madison Teams consisting of two riders will compete in a race run over a distance of 50km (200 laps) with intermediate sprints. The final placing will be determined by the accumulated points in the sprints, which occur every 20 laps, or by the distance according to the complete laps covered by each team. Teams having covered the same number of laps will be placed according to their accumulated points. Where there is a draw on laps and points, the place during the final sprint shall decide the final result. Sprint points will be awarded as follows: 5 points to the first team, 3 points to the second, 2 points to the third and 1 point to the fourth. Team Pursuit Two teams of four riders will compete against each other in a 4km race, starting from the middle of the straight of each side of the track. Recording the fastest time or catching up with the other team will determine the winner. The front tyre of the third rider of each team crossing the line will determine the time of each team. A qualifying round is conducted to determine which teams compete in the first round. Each team competes alone on the track with the best eight teams advancing to the first round selected on the basis of their time. The four winners of the first round shall contest the finals. The teams with the two best times shall ride for the first and second place, while the other two teams shall ride for third and fourth place. Team Sprint In team sprint, two teams of three riders will run over 3 laps of a track, each of those riders leading for one lap. A qualifying round, run by heats, will select the eight best teams on the basis of their times, in order for them to compete in the first round. The four winners of the first round shall contest the finals. The teams with the two best times shall ride for the first and second place, while the other two teams shall ride for third and fourth place. Keirin Riders will run a two and a half laps sprint after completing five and a half laps behind a motorized pacer (derny). The pacer will start at 30km per hour and gradually increase the speed to 50km per hour, before leaving the track. The first round consists of 4 heats of 6 riders, with the first 2 riders from each heat advancing to the second round, and the remaining riders will go to the repechages. The second round consists of 2 heats of 6 riders, with the first 3 riders of each heat proceeding to the final for places 1-6, while the remaining riders will compete for places 7-12. 山地自行车cycling mountain bike规则: Competition Format The race is a mass start event, during which, after several laps of the circuit, the first rider to complete the distance is declared the winner. At the start, riders will be positioned in the starting line according to their current UCI ranking. The higher position riders will be placed at the front of the group. Should a rider be lapped at any time during the race, the rider must finish that lap and then is removed from the competition by a commissaire via a designated finish lane before the start of the finish straight. The lapped rider will be listed in the results in order of finish plus number of laps down. The course is an undulating circuit designed to produce an optimum winning time, not a specific distance. Time parameters are listed below (in hours and minutes). Minimum Maximum Men 2.00 2.15 Women 1.45 2.00。
The Great Wall of China is one of the greatest wonders of the world.It is about 4000 miles long.。
中国长城是世界上最伟大的奇观之一,大约有4000英里长。
The Great Wall of China is called the "Ten-thousand-Ii Great Wall" in Chinese.。
中国长城被称为“万里长城”。
The Great Wall has a history of over twenty centuries.。
长城有两千多年的历史。(这里的century是“世纪”的意思)
The Great Wall is wide enough at the top for five horses or ten men to walk side by side.。
长城很宽,足够五匹马、十个人并肩行走。
It was very difficult to build such a wall in the ancient days without any modern machines.。
在古代没有机器的情况下,在古代建造这样一堵墙是非常困难的。
Today the Great Wall has become a place of interest not only to the Chinese but to people from all over the world.。
今天,长城已经成为一个不仅对中国人,而且对来自世界各地的人们都有兴趣的地方。
Many of them have come to know the famous Chinese saying:"He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man."。
他们中的许多人已经知道了中国著名的谚语:“不到长城非好汉。”
The Great Wall is the sign of China. It is the pride of all the Chinese.。
长城是中国的标志。这是所有中国人的骄傲。
Now the Great Wall is a famous building. Many tourists from China or other countries are attracted to visit it. It has been a place of interest.。
现在长城是一座著名的建筑。许多来自中国或其他国家的游客被吸引参观。它一直是一个名胜景地。
Now it becomes a miracle and a place of historical interest that people all over the world can appreciate.。
现在全世界的人们都能欣赏到它,这使它成为一个奇迹和一个具有历史意义的地方。
拓展资料:
相传秦始皇建长城时,劳役繁重,青年男女范喜良、孟姜女新婚三天,新郎就被迫出发修筑长城,不久死去,孟姜女历尽艰辛来寻找丈夫,却得知丈夫的死讯。她痛哭城下,三天三夜不止,这段长城就此坍塌。之后孟姜女投海自杀。
译文: According to legend, when Qin Shihuang built the Great Wall, the labor was heavy, young men and women, Fan Xiliang, Meng Jiangnu married three days, the bridegroom was forced to build the Great Wall, soon died, Meng Jiangnu tried hard to find her husband, but he learned of her husband's death. She cried for three days and nights, and the the Great Wall collapsed. Then Meng Jiangnu threw herself into the sea.。