voyages-80

物流海运专用术语<英语》

http://www.govoyages.com/ 。

这个网站不错。我就是在这里订的5月初回国9月初回法国的的往返机票 。

税后才501欧

希望帮到你.

补充回答：你说的是09年1月份还是？但是现在已经3月了诶。

通常来说 越早订一般来说优惠的越多。像我，在今年一月初就已经订好了5月的机票 所以相对来说比较便宜。

另，不同的航空公司的价格也不同。

你可以多看看那些航空公司，像我订的是英航的，相对与国航的就便宜了许多，但是得在英国转机。

而且到达国内的目的地也是价格的不同的原因，有时候像同航空公司到上海的价钱就比到香港，北京的便宜。

关于中国四大发明的英语作文，要简单的，80词左右，初三水平

看看如下的内容吧:

alongside -- The side of a vessel.。

barrel -- A measurement term that refers to 42 gallons of liquid at 60 degrees Fahrenheit (15.56 degrees Celsius). 。

berth -- The structure where a vessel is secured for the loading and unloading cargo. 。

bonded warehouse -- A warehouse authorized by customs authorities for the storage of goods on which payment of duties is deferred until the goods are removed. 。

bow -- The front of a vessel. Also see "stern." 。

breakbulk cargo -- Loose, non-containerized products. Examples include steel slabs and coils. 。

bulk cargo -- Loose cargo shipped in the cargo hold of a vessel without mark and count. Examples include coal, grain and sulfur. 。

bunker -- A maritime term that refers to fuel used aboard a vessel.。

cargo -- Freight loaded into a vessel. 。

cargo manifest -- A list of all cargo carried on a specific vessel voyage. 。

cargo tonnage -- Most ocean freight is billed on the basis of weight or measurement tons (W/M). Weight tons can be expressed in short tons of 2,000 pounds, long tons of 2,240 pounds or metric tons of 1,000 kilos (2204.62 pounds). Measurement tons are usually expressed in cargo measurements of cubic feet (one cubic foot equals 0.03 cubic meters) or cubic meters (one cubic meter equals 35.31 cubic feet). Typically, 40 cubic feet (1.13 cubic meters) is the measurement standard. 。

carrier -- Any person or entity who, in a contract of carriage, undertakes to perform or procure the performance of carriage by rail, road, sea, air, inland waterway or by a combination of such transportation modes. 。

chassis -- A frame with wheels and container-locking devices in order to secure the container for movement. 。

container -- A truck trailer body that can be detached from the chassis for loading into a vessel, a railcar, or stacked in a container depot. Containers may be ventilated, insulated, refrigerated, flat rack, vehicle rack, open top, bulk liquid or equipped with interior devices. A container may be 20 feet (6.1 meters), 40 feet (12.19 meters), 45 feet (13.72 meters), 48 feet (14.63 meters) or 53 feet (16.15 meters) in length, eight feet (2.44 meters) or eight feet, six inches (2.59 meters) in width, and eight feet, six inches (2.59 meters) or nine feet, six inches (2.9 meters) in height. 。

container freight station (CFS) -- A shipping dock where cargo is loaded ("stuffed") into or unloaded ("stripped") from containers. Container reloading from/to rail or motor carrier equipment is a typical activity. 。

container terminal -- An area designated for the stowage of cargo in containers. Usually accessible by truck, railroad and marine transportation, the terminal is where containers are picked up, dropped off, maintained and stored. 。

containerization -- Stowage of general or special cargo in a container for transport in various modes. 。

containerload -- A cargo load sufficient in size to fill a container either by cubic measurement or by weight. 。

container port -- A seaport that features cargo terminals developed specifically to handle marine cargo containers.。

dock -- For ships, a cargo-handling area where a vessel normally ties up. For land transportation, a loading or unloading platform at an industrial location or carrier terminal. 。

doublestack train -- A train using specialized railcars that enable marine cargo containers to be stacked one atop another. 。

draft -- The number of feet (or meters) that the hull of a ship is beneath the surface of the water. 。

dry bulk container -- A container constructed to carry grain, powder and other free-flowing solids in bulk. Used in conjunction with a tilt chassis or platform. 。

dry cargo -- Cargo that is solid in nature and normally does not require temperature control.。

export -- Shipment of goods to a foreign country.。

feeder service -- Cargo to/from regional ports are transferred to/from a central hub port for a long-haul ocean voyage. 。

feeder vessel -- A short-sea vessel that transfers cargo between a central hub port and smaller spoke ports. 。

FEUs -- Maritime abbreviation for "40-foot equivalent units," which refers to containers that are 40 feet (12.19 meters) in length. One FEU is equal to two TEUs, or "20-foot equivalent units." See "TEUs." 。

flat car -- A railcar without a roof and walls. 。

flat rack/flat bed container -- A container with no sides and frame members at the front and rear for cargo loading from the sides and top. 。

foreign-trade zone -- A free port in a country divorced from Customs authority but under government control. Merchandise, except that which is prohibited, may be stored in the zone without being subject to import duty regulations. 。

free port -- A restricted area at a seaport used for the handling of duty-exempt import goods. 。

freight -- Refers to either the cargo carried or the charges assessed for carriage of cargo. 。

freight forwarder -- A person whose business is to act as an agent on behalf of the shipper. A freight forwarder frequently makes the booking reservation.。

gateway -- A point at which freight moving from one territory to another is interchanged between transportation lines. 。

gross weight -- The entire weight of goods, packaging, container and freight car, ready for shipment. Generally, the combined weight limit of the cargo, container and tractor for highway transport is 80,000 pounds (36,287.39 kilograms).。

hatch -- The opening in the deck of a vessel, providing access to the cargo hold.。

import -- Shipment of goods from a foreign country. 。

inland carrier -- A transportation line that hauls export or import traffic between ports and inland points. 。

intermodal -- A shipping term denoting the interchangeable movement of cargo containers between different modes of transportation, primarily ship, truck and train, where the equipment is compatible with the multiple transport systems.。

Jacob's ladder -- A rope ladder suspended from the side of a vessel that is used for boarding. 。

just in time (JIT) -- In this method of inventory control, warehousing is minimal or non-existent: The container is a "movable" warehouse and must arrive neither too early nor too late。

knot -- One knot is equal to one nautical mile (6,076 feet or 1,851.96 meters) per hour. In the early sailing days, speed was measured by tossing overboard a log secured by a line. Knots were tied into the line at intervals of approximately six feet (1.83 meters). The number of knots measured was then compared to the time required to travel the distance of 1,000 knots in the line.。

laden -- Loaded aboard a vessel. 。

landbridge -- The movement of cargo, by water, from one country through the port of another country, by rail or truck, to an inland point in that country or to a third country. For example, cargo from Japan is landbridged across the United States to France. 。

liquid bulk -- Cargo that is fluid in nature and typically transported in tankers. Examples include oil and other petroleum products. 。

longshoreman -- An individual employed in a port to load and unload cargo vessels. 。

loose -- Without packing.。

maritime -- Business pertaining to commerce or navigation transacted upon the sea or in seaports. 。

meter -- One meter is equal in length to 3.28 feet or 39.37 inches. 。

metric ton -- One metric ton is equal in weight to 2,204.62 pounds or 1,000 kilograms. 。

mile -- One mile is equal to 5,280 feet or 1.61 kilometers on land. Also see "nautical mile." 。

mini-landbridge -- An intermodal system for transporting containers by ocean and then by rail or motor to a port previously served as an all-water move. For example, cargo from China is mini-landbridged through Seattle to New York. 。

multimodal -- Synonymous with "intermodal" for all practical purposes.。

nautical mile -- One nautical mile is equal in length to 607,612 feet or 1.85 kilometers, which is the distance of one minute of longitude measured at the equator. Also see "mile." 。

near-dock railyard -- A cargo facility used primarily to sort marine cargo containers and assemble into trainloads bound for common destinations. These railyards are located inland, in close proximity to a port waterfront. 。

non-vessel operating common carrier (NVOCC) -- A cargo consolidator in ocean trades that will buy space from a carrier and subsell it to smaller shippers. The NVOCC conducts itself as an ocean carrier, except that it will not provide the actual ocean or intermodal service.。

on-dock railyard -- A cargo facility used primarily to sort marine cargo containers and assemble them into trainloads bound for common destinations. These railyards are located on a port waterfront. 。

origin -- The location where a freight shipment begins its movement. 。

overheight cargo -- Freight that is more than eight feet high, or too tall to fit into a standard container.。

pallet -- A platform with or without sides, on which a number of packages or pieces may be loaded to facilitate handling by a forklift or similar functioning equipment. 。

pier -- The structure where a vessel is secured for the loading and unloading cargo. 。

piggyback -- A transportation arrangement whereby truck trailers and their loads are carried and moved by train to a destination. 。

port -- There are three common definitions: 。

1. A harbor with piers or docks. 。

2. The left side of a ship when facing the bow. Also see "starboard." 。

3. An opening in a vessel's side, used for handling freight. 。

port of call -- A port where a vessel discharges or receives freight. 。

port of entry -- A port where cargo enters a country and is unloaded. 。

port of exit -- A port where cargo is loaded and leaves a country.。

quay -- A structure attached to land to which a vessel is moored. Also see “berth," "dock" and "pier."。

ramp -- A railroad terminal where containers are received or delivered and trains are loaded or discharged. 。

reefer -- An industry term for a refrigerated or temperature-controlled container. 。

relay -- The transfer of containers from one ship to another when both vessels are controlled by the same network (carrier) manager. 。

revenue ton -- A ton measurement on which shipments are freighted. If cargo is rated as weight or measure (W/M), whichever produces the higher revenue will be considered the revenue ton. Weights are based on metric tons and measures are based on cubic meters. Hence, one revenue ton is equal to one metric ton (2204.62 pounds) or one cubic meter (35.31 cubic feet). 。

roll-on roll-off (Ro/Ro) -- A method of ocean cargo service using a vessel with ramps, which allow wheeled containers, trailers or vehicles to be loaded and unloaded without the use of cranes.。

service -- A string of vessels that makes a particular voyage and serves a particular market. 。

ship chandler -- An individual or company selling equipment and supplies to ships. 。

shipper -- The person or company who usually is the supplier or owner of commodities shipped. Also called the consignor. 。

ships --There are nine basic types of ships: 。

1. barge carriers -- Ships designed to transport barges. 。

2. bulk carriers -- All vessels designed to carry bulk cargo, such as grain, fertilizers, ore and oil. 。

3. combination passenger and cargo ships -- Cargo vessels with the capacity for 13 or more passengers. 。

4. freighters -- Comprises refrigerated and unrefrigerated breakbulk vessels, containerships, partial containerships, roll-on roll-off vessels and barge carriers. 。

5. full containerships -- Vessels equipped with permanent container cells for container storage, with little or no space for other types of cargo. 。

6. general cargo carriers -- This category includes breakbulk freighters, car carriers, cattle carriers, pallet carriers and timber carriers. 。

7. partial containerships -- Multipurpose containerships with one or more, but not all, cargo compartments fitted with permanent container cells. The remaining compartments are used for noncontainerized cargo. 。

8. roll-on roll-off vessels -- Specialized ships designed to carry wheeled containers, trailers and vehicles using onboard ramps. 。

9. tankers -- Ships fitted with tanks for storage of liquid cargo, such as crude petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, liquefied gas, wine and molasses. 。

short ton -- One short ton is equal in weight to 2,000 pounds or 0.91 metric tons.。

side loader -- A lift truck fitted with lifting attachments operating on one side for handling containers. 。

slip -- A ship's berth between two piers.。

spreader -- Equipment designed to lift containers by their corner casters. 。

stack car -- An articulated five-platform railcar that allows containers to be doublestacked one atop another. 。

stack train -- A rail service whereby railcars carry containers doublestacked on specially operated unit trains. 。

starboard -- The right side of a ship when facing the bow. Also see "port." 。

stern -- The end of a vessel. Also see "bow." 。

stevedore -- A person or company that employs longshore workers and establishes agreements to load or unload ships. 。

stowage -- A marine term that refers to loading freight into vessels' cargo holds. 。

straddle carrier -- Mobile truck equipment that is capable of lifting containers within its own framework. 。

supply chain -- A logistical management system that integrates the sequence of activities from delivery of raw materials to the manufacturer to delivery of the finished product to the customer. "Just in time" is an example of supply chain management.。

tariff -- A publication that sets forth the charges, rates and rules of ports and transportation companies. 。

terminal -- An assigned area where containers are prepared for loading into a vessel, train or truck, or are stored immediately after discharge from the vessel, train or truck. 。

TEUs -- Maritime abbreviation for "20-foot equivalent units," which refers to containers that are 20 feet (6.1 meters) in length. Two TEUs are equal to one FEU. Also see "FEU." 。

transship -- To transfer goods from one transportation line to another, or from one ship to another. 。

turnaround -- In water transportation, the time between the arrival and departure of a ship from a port.。

unit load -- Packages loaded onto a pallet, in a crate or any other way that enables them to be handled at one time as a unit. 。

unit train -- A train comprising a specified number of railcars that remain together as a unit until reaching a designated destination. 。

unitization -- The consolidation of a quantity of individual items into one large shipping unit to facilitate handling. Also: The loading of one or more large items of cargo onto a single piece of equipment, such as a pallet.。

vanning -- A marine term for stowing cargo in a container。

warehouse -- A place for the reception, delivery, consolidation, distribution and storage of cargo. 。

warehousing -- The storage of cargo. 。

weights and measures -- 。

1. One cubic meter is equal to 35.31 cubic feet. 。

2. One long ton, or gross ton, is equal to 2,240 pounds or 1,016.05 kilograms. 。

3. One measurement ton is equal to 40 cubic feet or one cubic meter. 。

4. One metric ton, or kilo ton, is equal to 2,204.62 pounds or 1,000 kilograms. 。

5. One short ton, or net ton, is equal to 2,000 pounds or 907.18 kilograms。

yard -- This term commonly refers to a railroad yard with many rail tracks for assembling, storing or switching freight trains.。

郑和下西洋的英文资料

写作思路：罗列出中国的四大发明，写出这些发明的伟大之处，使用简单的英文句子描写出这些。

正文：

There are four world famous inventions in China, one is gunpowder, the other is compass, the third is printing and the fourth is papermaking.。

我国有世界著名的四大发明，一是火药，二是指南针，三是印刷术，四是造纸术。

This makes our ancient China become an ancient civilization.。

这让我们中国古代成了文明古国。

China's four great inventions have played an irreplaceable role in various fields of science and technology.。

中国的四大发明在各个科技领域中起到了不可替代的重要作用。

Gunpowder. Gunpowder was invented by us.。

火药，火药是我们发明的。

What does gunpowder bring us?。

火药给我们带来什么东西呢？

It brought fireworks, firecrackers, fireworks, mining, and aerospace.。

带来了礼花、带来了鞭炮、用于制造烟花爆竹、用于采矿，还有用于航天事业的发展。

Up to now, gunpowder has played an important role in our history.。

到今天为止火药在我们的历史上发挥着巨大的作用。

Compass, China's Zheng He with the compass seven voyages, opened up the Chinese culture into the world's first.。

指南针，我国的郑和用指南针七下西洋，开拓了中华民族文化进军世界的先河。

The earliest compass was called "Sinan" in China.。

最早的指南针中国人称之为“司南”。

The compass is also used in navigation, as well as for military personnel to locate.。

指南针也被用于航海，以及军事家确定方位。

Printing, it is said that a man named Bi Sheng invented letterpress printing.。

印刷术，相传有个叫毕升的人发明了活版印刷术。

With the development of modern industry, laser Phototypesetting, digital technology and other new printing technologies will be used in modern life.。

随着现代工业的发展，激光照排、数字技术等新型印刷技术将用于现代生活中。

Cai Lun is a great inventor of papermaking in China. He invented papermaking.。

造纸术，蔡伦是我国伟大的发明家，是他发明了造纸术。

With the invention and spread of papermaking, the carrier cost of characters has been greatly reduced, thus greatly promoting the development of science and technology and economy in the world.。

造纸的发明与传播，使文字的载体成本得到了大幅度的下降，从而极大地推动了世界科技、经济的发展。

The four great inventions have made us proud and promoted the continuous development of Chinese civilization, but now we have some inventions which are backward. For example, papermaking and printing are very advanced in foreign countries. Therefore, we should study hard and master knowledge to make our motherland stronger.。

四大发明曾让我们自豪过，也曾推动中华文明向前不断发展，可是现在有部分发明我们已经处于落后局面，比如造纸术、印刷术在外国已经很先进了，因此我们应该好好学习，掌握知识，才能让我们的祖国更加强大。

郑和下西洋的英文资料如下：

Zheng He's voyage to the West was a voyage between Yongle and Xuande in Ming Dynasty. The first voyage started in Yongle three years (1405), and the last voyage ended in Xuande eight years (1433), totaling seven times.。

Because the mission was being made by Zheng He, and the fleet sailed to the west of Borneo.。

On the seven voyage, Zheng He, the three treasures eunuch, led the fleet from the point of departure to the port of Liu Jia Gang, and to the port of Taiping port.。

The Western Pacific Ocean and Yang Yang visited more than 30 countries and regions, including Java, Sumatra, Su Lu, Peng Heng, Zhen La, Gu Li, Kun, bang Ge Luo, Kun, Tian Fang, Zuo FA Er, Wu. Rumus, Mugu Dushu and other places are known to reach East Africa and the Red Sea as far as possible.。

Zheng He's voyage to the west is the largest and longest sailing voyage in China in ancient times. It is also the largest maritime exploration in the history of the world before the voyage in the late fifteenth Century.。

However, there are still disputes about the historical facts of Zheng He's fleet, such as its purpose and scope of navigation, and its evaluation of the seven voyages.。

翻译：

郑和下西洋是明代永乐、宣德年间的一场海上远航活动，首次航行始于永乐三年（1405年），末次航行结束于宣德八年（1433年），共计七次。由于使团正使由郑和担任，且船队航行至婆罗洲以西洋面。

在七次航行中，三宝太监郑和率领船队从南京出发，在江苏太仓的刘家港集结，至福建福州长乐太平港驻泊伺风开洋 ，远航西太平洋和印度洋拜访了30多个国家和地区，其中包括爪哇、苏门答腊、苏禄、彭亨、真腊、古里、暹罗、榜葛剌、阿丹、天方、左法尔、忽鲁谟斯、木骨都束等地，目前已知最远到达东非、红海。

郑和下西洋是中国古代规模最大、船只和海员最多、时间最久的海上航行，也是15世纪末欧洲的地理大发现的航行以前世界历史上规模最大的一系列海上探险。然而，关于郑和船队的航海目的、航行范围等史实以及对七次航行的评价，仍存在争议。

扩展资料：

郑和：

郑和（1371年  - 1433年 ），回族，  本姓马，为明成祖朱棣赐姓郑，世称“三保太监又作“三宝太监”，云南昆阳州人。明朝太监，航海家、外交家。

郑和年轻时从侍燕王朱棣，有智略，知兵习战。后在靖难之役中有功，升任为内官监太监。1405年（永乐三年）至1424年（永乐二十二年），郑和六次作为正使太监下西洋。

1425年（洪熙元年）后，郑和任南京守备太监，1430年（宣德五年）受命第七次下西洋，一说在途中于1433年（宣德八年）卒于古里国，今南京牛首山南麓郑和墓或为其衣冠冢。

郑和下西洋，是15世纪初叶世界航海史上的空前壮举，对中外经济、文化交往起到了积极作用；

郑和本人，也在这一历史事件中展现出其外交才能、军事谋略以及精神品质，并赢得世人的尊重和纪念。晚清以降，郑和研究获得迅速发展，但不少重要课题仍无定论。

参考资料来源：百度百科-郑和下西洋。

参考资料来源：百度百科-郑和

原文地址：http://www.qianchusai.com/voyages-80.html